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DAHVINIA B.DEVAN
Name Siti Sanah
Age 46 years old
Race Malay
Address Tawau, Sabah
Date of admission
18/7/2007
Date of clerking
19/7/2007
Presented with anterior neck swelling for the past 12 years
She noticed the swelling 12 years ago while looking at herself in the mirror during her last pregnancy
At that time the swelling was as big as a 20 cents coin located at the anterior of her neck on the right side, after delivery the swelling persisted and over 12 years it gradually increased in size, currently as big as a
It was :
not painful there was no skin changes on the overlying skin no other swellings
Does not complain of obstructive symptoms such as:
shortness of breath difficulty in swallowing
However she had unintentional weight loss where she had lost 12
kilograms in the past 2 months
Her menstruation has been irregular for the last 2 years missing up till 3 months at times. And her menstruation bleeding lasts only for 2 days where she uses 2 pads per day, not fully soaked
Otherwise, she denied any hypo or hyperthyroid symptoms such as heat/cold intolerance, tremors, palpitation, anxiety, sleeping difficulties, irritability, frequent perspiration, muscle weakness, depression, lethargy, constipation or diarrhea.
No history of exposure to radiation previously or history of living in highlands
She does not have cough, bone aches/ history of fractures
She initially presented to Hospital Tawau early this year where an FNAC was done with results suggesting Papillary thyroid carcinoma, she was than referred to Putrajaya hosp for total thyroidectomy and further management
She has no known medical illnessNever been hospitalized for other reasons
besides child birth
She is not on any medicationDoes not use over the counter drugs or
traditional medicinesThere are no known drug allergiesShe is not allergic to any food
She is a divorcee living with 3 out of her 5 children ranging from 25 years old – 12 years old
She used to work as a laborer in a provisional store but has stopped working for the last 3 years as 2 of her children had started working
The 2 eldest children support her financiallyCurrently she stays at home and does chores
around the houseShe lives in a rented wooden house in tawauShe does not smoke and does not consume
alcohol.
None of her family members suffers from a
similar condition.Her mother is wellher father passed away because of old ageNo family history of thyroid disorders or
malignancies
Normally consumes rice, and vegetables, occasionally fish
Uses normal salt that is being sold
SwellingLoss of weightHoarseness of voice
General examinationMy patient is sitting in bed. She is of average
built, She is conscious and orientated to time and
place.
She has no clubbing, no pallor, no jaundice no koilonychia, no onicholysis, her palms are moist and sweaty, there is no fine tremor, her skin is not dry
Vital signs :
No signs of pretibial edema Eyes no peripheral loss of eyebrows, conjungtiva
not injected, not pale, no exopthalmus,no lid retraction or lid lag
Temperature 37 ⁰C
Pulse 88 bpm
Blood pressure 140/90 mmhg
Respiratory 15 breaths per minute
Neck examination
Inspection: diffuse swelling at the anterior neck extending
from the posterior margin of the right sternocleidomastoideus muscle to the anterior border of the left sternoccleidomastoideus muscle , vertically and from the hyoid bone down to the sternal notch
It moves with deglutination and does not move with the protrusion of the tongue
The jugular vein is not distended and no dilated veins over the swelling
no surgical scarsno other skin changesNo other swelling seen
PalpationWarm, non tender, position of the trachea
cannot be appreciated irregular shape swelling measuring 22 x 15 cm
with smooth surface and firm consistency, well defined edge on the left side but not on the right side (irregular), moves with swallowing, mobile vertically and laterally, not attached to the overlying skin and or underlying structures, no fluctuance, not pulsatile, no thrill
the carotid pulse absent on left signno cervical or supraclavicle lymph nodes
palpable
PercussionThere is no retrosternal extension of the lumpAuscultationThere is no bruit heard Hoarseness of voice present
Condition Supporting
Thyroid Malignancy Increase in size, LOW, age, sex, hoarseness of voice, possible history of long standing goitre
Goitre Age, sex, diet, noticed during pregnancy
Inv results
Full blood count Hb: 11.5 Hematocrite 34.3 Platlet : 225 TWC: 6.1
TFT T4 3.23 pmol/L (9-24) (L)
TSH 29.20 (o.49-4.67) (H)
Random blood sugar 5.06 (n)
Liver function test NORMAL
Renal profile Urea 3.7 ; Na:139 ; k:1.9 ; creatinin:37
Coagulation profile INR: 1.145Ptt :27 (23-40) nPt : 12.7 (11-16)n
Inv results
Serum Calsium’ 2.23
Serum phosphate 1.31 (0.8-1.6) N
Neck Ct scan highly suggestive of cancer of thyroid with invasion to larynx including vocal cords and hypopharynx
Metastasis to cervical lymph nodes and bilateral lungs
Histopathology(biopsy)
Trucut biopsy suggestive of papillary thyroid cancer
ECG
Chest x-ray
Vocal cord assestment Right vocal cord – with 70 degrees scope-Rt vocal cord immobile on resp and phonation -Lf vocal cord mobile , gap present on phonationTRO rt vocal cord palsy
Advanced papillary thyroid carcinoma
History
PE
INV.-TFT -CTSCAN-biopsy
1. Monitor TFT2. Blood pressure monitoring3. To start patient on L.Thyroxine 100mcg OD4. Start patient on amlodipine 50mg 5. Lung function test6. Echocardiography7. Incentive spirometry for patient8. Total thyroidectomy planned for 28th July
20119. To repeat all blood investigations pre-op
Lung function test Normal ventilatory function
Echocardiography Ejection fraction 73%, with no LVH and mild MR
18/7/2011 27/7/2011 :
TFT showed fluctuating results ranging from T4 and TSH from L-thyroxin was started initially as patient was subclinically hypothyroid however withhold at certain periods where TFT showed normal or hyperthyroid.
Repeated blood examinations no significant difference
27th July 2011T3: 7.06 ( raised) TSH: 3.23 (N)
Plan1.Continue with the surgery2.NBM 6 hours prior to surgery3.Give anti-hypertensives + sips of clear fluid
on day of operation4.GXM 6 pints of blood, 2 point in OT and 4
standby in lab
Rt lobe of thyroid replaced by tumour
measuring 10 x 10Adherent to strap muscleRt IJV thrombosed with tumour weight of gland 668 gramRight carotid artery free from tumour, vagus
nerve preservedRight recurrent laryngeal nerve not seenRight parathyroid glands not seenTumour infiltrated trachea and shaved off
Left thyroid lobe normal Left superior parathyroid gland seen however inferior could
not be seen Strap muscle which has infiltrated by tumour was excised 2 drains was placed, left and right
Intra-op diagnosis : Advanced Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
Intra –op v/s: 110-90/60-57 mmhg, 60-70 bpm, SpO2 97-98
Intra-op ABG: 7.33/44/122/-2.1/22.9/99.4%/lac 0.9CVP: 11-15Hb: 10.9 g/dl
Plan Pt sent to ICU intubated, on ventilator and sedated cont IV
midazolam, IV morphine 2mg/hourly
IV ranitidine 50 mg tdsIVD 2NS 2 DSIV IV ca gluconat 1 g tds 1/7Repeat blood examinations in ICU (FBC,
coagulation screeen, RP, ABG, serum calsium post op 6 hours than bd)
ECG stat in ICUi/o chartingDVT foot pumpExtubation cm
Completed 4 pints of packed cells Completed 2 unit of FFP
Phy examination:
Vital signs
Lungs clear, CVS DRNM
Bp 120/64 mmhg
Pulse rate 55 bpm
temperature afebrile
Drain
Significant inv results:
Hb: 11.2 (N)platlet 151 (N)Rp creat 42ca: 1.912.01 (L)inr/pt/aptt : 1.1/26/13.1 (N)
Drain amount
Right (functioning) 50 cc hemoserous
Left (functioning) 50 cc hemoserous
Plan2 units of FFPOnce tolerating orally start Ca. lactate 2 tabs
tdsCont VM post extubationFBC and Coagulation screen dailyEndocrine: plan to get RAI therapy date prior to
start of thyroxine therapy
ICU day 2Hb 11.5 g/dl, pt/aptt: 27/12.7 NOff cbd, ryles tube, of ivi morphineStart tab tramadol 50mg td + ca lactate 2tab tdsChest physioTrace TFT/alb(33)
ICU day 2 (evening)Extubated, change to CPAP ,pt comfortableHoarseness of voice>>>promientChanged to VM 50% cmabg 7.45/33/178/231/-0.2/99%,
lac 0.6Ca: 2.06 (L) add ca lactate 4 tab qid + alfacalcidol 1
mcg odrepeat ca cm (2.08)Start l.thyroxine 200 mcg odRAI date only in
SeptemberCont other medicationsAllowed to ward +incentive spirometry and chest physio
POD3-POD5
Pt v/s normal,ambulatingHoarseness of voice not worseningBp: 146/81 pr: 88No hypocalcemia symptoms Lungs clear, cvs DRNMWound clean, no hematoma drains
Chovstek sign (-)POD 3 Ca 2.08- on calsium gluconate IV tds and
ca. lactate 4 tab qid +alfacalcidolIV ca stopped and serum ca on POD4 : 2.10
drains amount
right 50 cc
left 30 cc
Pod 6-patient allowed for discharge,-remove drain-referral to Tawau hosp for follow up and
medication-tab L-thyroxine 200mcg od 2/12 -tab calsium lactate 300mg x 3 od 2/12-cap alfacalcidol 1 mcg od-amlodipine 5mg od 1/12-PCM 500mg x 2 qid 1/12
Management of differentiated thyroid cancer
Type findings
Pappillary Orphan annie, psamoma bodies
Follicular Follicles,Capsular/vascular invasion
Medullary Amyloid depositionIHC: calcitonin
Anaplastic pleomorphic giant tumor cell nuclei
Lymphoma Reed-sternberg cells,
Post thyroidectomy complications 1.Hypocalcemia2.Hypoparathyroidism3.Vocal cord dysfunction4.Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury5.Hematoma6.Haemorrhage7.Wound infection8.tracheostomy
AACE Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and management of Thyroid Nodules. Endocr Pract 1996;2:78-84.
Solomon BL, Wartofsky L, Burman KD. Current trends in the management of well-differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81:333-339.
Pyke CM, Hay ID, Goellner Jr, et al. Prognostic significance of calcitonin immunoreactivity, amyloid staining and flow cytometric DNA measurements in medullary thyroid carcinoma. Surgery 1991;110:964-970.
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