Civil War Causes

Starter

Look at the words on the left – which are key words that can be used in History. Can you think of any other way to spell them that sound the same as you would say them? [ Homophones ]

Heir

Son

Rode

Sea

Pour

Hair

Their

Starter

Look at the words on the left – which are key words that can be used in History. Can you think of any other way to spell them that sound the same as you would say them? [ Homophones ]

Heir

Son

Rode

Sea

Pour

Hair

Their

Air

Sun

Road

See

Poor

Hare

There

Cause(s) Event Consequence(s)

A crash on the M6 motorway

Queensbridge School receives a ‘Good’ OfSTED

Princess Diana dies in Paris

Madeline McCann goes missing

Henry VIII breaks with the Catholic Church

William wins the Battle of Hastings

Fill in the CAUSE or CONSEQUENCE boxes. Remember there can be more than one (1) for both – so don’t worry if you can think of more! EXT – add

some more Causes, Events and Consequences below....

Starter

H/W

Marking feedback

• Underline• Starters in sideways [Rashidi]• Comments are meant to be read• Parliament x 100 in red book• Cut off the bottom bit if you can• Score needs to be constant – not just : “stay same” keep a number

Marking feedback

• Your written work was good• NC focus

Marking feedback

• Your written work was good• NC focus• People haven’t filled in green folder grid for QB Friars/ Merits• Admin time: Comment Wall

How could the English kill their King?

Evaluate the decisions

Charles made via an

interactive decision making

simulation

Learning outcome

I talk to people when I need help.I can explain what needs doing and why.I know how to deal with problems.I can see what needs improving.I use different viewpoints to reach a shared solution. I can support other people in their views and beliefs.

I work well with others.I listen to others’ points of view.I change my behaviour to suit the situation.I respect other people’s differences.I take responsibility.I help others by giving them useful advice.

I can generate ideas and possibilities.I ask questions to find out more.I can see how ideas or pieces of information fit together.I challenge ideas and assumptions that I make or that others make.I test ideas.I change ideas when I need to.

I can see what has worked well and what hasn’t worked well.I know my targets and what I have to do to meet them.As I work, I can see how well I am doing.I listen to the advice of adults and people in my class.I learn from my mistakes.I let people know how I learn best.

I like a new challenge.I work to goals and commit myself to tasks.I get to lessons on time with the equipment I need.I take risks and deal with them sensibly.I plan my own time and work to deadlines.I am able to deal with change.

Effective Participator

Team worker

Creative thinkers

ReflectiveLearner

Self-Manager

I can spot questions and problems that need answering and solving. I can plan and carry out a piece of research.I can look at things from different points of view.I can think about how important or relevant some information is.I can see how decisions or events are influenced by different points of view, beliefs or circumstances.I can back up points of view using arguments and evidence.

Independent

Enquirer

Effective participatorI talk to people when I need help.I can explain what needs doing and why.I know how to deal with problems.I see what needs to be improved.I work with others to reach solutions.I can support other people in their views and beliefs.

Team workerI work well with others.I listen to others’ points of view.I know how to behave in formal and informal situations.I respect other people’s differences.I take responsibility for my role within the group.I help others by giving them useful advice.

In 1649 the King of England, Charles I, was beheaded.

Since 1642 he had been involved in a bitter Civil War with Parliament.

In this simulation you will take the role of King Charles, and will make a number of decisions about how to run your country.

We will examine your decisions compared to the rest of the class!

After making each decision you will be told what the result of it was, and how it compares to what Charles really did.

At the end of the game you will be told how likely it is that your decisions would have plunged England into a bitter Civil War!

The Big Picture

You will start with a score rating of 100

http://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/dyck/i/charles-i.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/dyck/&h=779&w=599&sz=79&hl=en&start=3&tbnid=23cXScsvqVqtSM:&tbnh=142&tbnw=109&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcharles%2Bi%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DG

AB D

C

Where is this?

You have just become King, and it is time to make your first speech to Parliament.

You realise that Parliament is very important for your power, because it raises money for you in the form of

taxes.

Crowds cheer as you make your way into the Palace of Westminster, dressed in all your robes of state. The

House of Commons all stand up as you enter, and you take your seat at the far end of the Chamber (see

picture).

Everyone sits down and waits in silence to hear what you have to say.

What is the main message of your speech likely to be?

A I’ve been chosen by God to rule this country, and it’s Parliament’s duty to obey my orders so the country can be united and strong.

B I’ve been given this job by the people of my Kingdom, and I plan to reach all my decision by close consultation with Parliament. This will be done even if it means decisions are taken more slowly.

Attitude to Parliament

A I’ve been chosen by God to rule this country, and it’s Parliament’s duty to obey my orders so the country can be united and strong.


Lose 10 points

Parliament is not very impressed with your speech, which seems unnecessarily aggressive. There are lots of mumbles of discontent as you march out.You may be storing up problems for the future!

Parliament is not very impressed with your speech, which seems unnecessarily aggressive. There

are lots of mumbles of discontent as you march out.

You may be storing up problems for the future!

B I’ve been given this job by the people of my Kingdom, and I plan to reach all my decision by close consultation with Parliament. This will be done even if it means decisions are taken more slowly.


Add 5 to your total

Parliament is very impressed with your speech. You seem to be a King who respects them

and they just hope that you will stick by your promises. Well done – add 5 to your score!

What really happened?

In reality, Charles said that he had been chosen by God to rule the country, and that it was the duty of Parliament to obey his orders so that the country could be strong and united.He called this idea "Divine Right" - in other words, a right given by God.

Marriage

Marriage – know of anyone who has tied the knot

recently?

Marriage

Marriage

It is 1625.Following your speech to Parliament, you get down to the everyday business of government, which you find very tiring.Your best friend, the Duke of Buckingham (a former favourite of your father), notices how worn out you are and takes you out for the day horse-riding.Eventually, you are deep in the countryside and you stop for a bite to eat. Climbing off his horse, Buckingham passes you his drinking flask and asks if you have given any more thought to getting married now that you are King.

Marriage

A – I’ll marry an English Protestant, so that Parliament can see I’m reliable and trustworthy

B – I plan to stay single. Children could grow up and steal my throne from me!

C – I’ll marry a French Catholic so that Parliament can see that I’m friendly to all other countries and other religions. That will also bring in more money and influence via trade.

Marriage

A – I’ll marry an English Protestant, so that Parliament can see I’m reliable and trustworthy

This is probably the most sensible option. Catholic countries won't be happy, but at least your own

Parliament will be convinced that you can be relied upon to protect the Church of England. Puritans too

are less likely to be angered by this policy.Well done - the chances of Civil War have not risen!

Don’t lose any points!

Marriage

B – I plan to stay single. Children could grow up and steal my throne from me!

This might be a sensible option in the short term, but in the long term it means that the country will face all

sorts of problems about finding a new King after you are gone. When MP's get to hear of your decision they

are very worried - a lot of them can remember the problems created by Elizabeth's refusal to marry

Lose 3 points

Marriage

C – I’ll marry a French Catholic so that Parliament can see that I’m friendly to all other countries and other religions. That will also bring in more money and influence via trade.

This is not a very wise choice. Parliament is absolutely appalled that

their King is getting married to a CATHOLIC! They are incredibly suspicious that you are maybe a

Catholic yourself, and will be keeping a very close eye on you from now on...

Lose 10 points from your total!


Charles not only married a CATHOLIC, but a FRENCH one! This was not popular at all in Parliament.Many people thought that maybe Charles himself was a secret Catholic.The new Queen's name was Henrietta Maria (shown here with her son, the future Charles II). Charles was besotted with her beauty and soon the new Queenwas to have a firm hold, and influence, over the King.

Buckingham

Buckingham

It is 1626.Following your wedding, Buckingham tells you of his exciting (but expensive) plan to attack the Spanish with a fleet of ships. You love the idea, and although Parliament is not very keen, it eventually gives you the money for the operation.

Buckingham sets off, but within a few days you get reports that he has made a complete pig's ear of the whole thing. Some ships have been sunk by the Spanish galleons, many men have been killed, and Buckingham is sailing back to England in disgrace.

Parliament is furious, and is demanding that Buckingham be put into prison as soon as he gets back.

Buckingham

A – Agree to Parliament’s demands. Buckingham messed up – he should pay the penalty!

B – Refuse to punish Buckingham. He is a loyal friend. Instead put some MPs in prison to show who the real boss is around here!

C – Send Buckingham to Court – (run by Parliament) and let them decide what to do with him after hearing all the evidence

Buckingham

A – Agree to Parliament’s demands. Buckingham messed up – he should pay the penalty!

You do not rate very highly as a friend, but at least you are

realistic. By sacrificing Buckingham you are able to

distance yourself from his failure and not take too much blame.

Don’t lose any points from

your score

Buckingham

B – Refuse to punish Buckingham. He is a loyal friend. Instead put some MPs in prison to show who the real boss is around here!

Buckingham breathes a sigh of relief, but

Parliament is absolutely outraged by your

behaviour.

Lose 10 points

Buckingham

C – Send Buckingham to Court – (run by Parliament) and let them decide what to do with him after hearing all the evidence

A clever move, in a way - you avoid siding either with Buckingham or

Parliament. However, neither side is happy with this. It looks like you

haven't got the guts to decide what should be done for yourself

Lose just 3 points from your score


Charles stood by his friend. This saved the life of Buckingham , but Parliament was furious with the way that the King clearly didn't care about what it wanted.In the end, Charles's support didn't save Buckingham, who was assassinated a couple of years later. Charles was deeply upset, but most MPs were secretly glad that he was out of the picture at last.

http://www.npg.org.uk/3840.htm

Petition of Right

It is 1628. Following the disastrous Spanish campaign, Parliament produces the the Petition of Right, which says that the King will have to deal much more closely with Parliament in future and ask their permission before reaching any important decisions.You initially refuse to sign, but it becomes clear that if you do not sign then Parliament will not be willing to give you any more money.What do you do?

Petition of Right

Petition of Right

A – Sign it, but ignore it completely afterwards. At least this way Parliament will think they’re got one over you – but you’ll know differently!

B – Sign it, and stick to it. After all Parliament represents the will of the people and you’ve had enough fallings out recently.

C – Send in your troops to Parliament and bully them a bit. You’re the boss around here – and you’re getting a tad fed up with Parliament thinking differently!

Petition of Right

A – Sign it, but ignore it completely afterwards. At least this way Parliament will think they’re got one over you – but you’ll know differently!

With a great show of reluctance, you sign the Petition of Right and then

leave Parliament.They are very happy that you have been prepared to compromise like

this.It is only a matter of time, though,

before they realise that you have no intention of sticking to the Petition...

Lose 5 from your total

Petition of Right

B – Sign it, and stick to it. After all Parliament represents the will of the people and you’ve had enough fallings out recently.

You sign the Petition, and stick by it.Many people are surprised that you give in so easily to the demands of Parliament, and think

that you are a bit spineless.Parliament, though, is overjoyed.

It seems that you have managed to avoid leading the country any closer to Civil War on

this occasion - well done!

Don’t lose anything from your

total

Petition of Right

C – Send in your troops to Parliament and bully them a bit. You’re the boss around here – and you’re getting a tad fed up with Parliament thinking differently!

This does not do anything to improve your reputation. All you do is appear aggressive

and bossy. The fact remains that Parliament is where you will get your money from, and you cannot afford to

anger them too much.

Lose 15 from your total!


Charles signed the Petition of Right, but had no intention whatsoever of sticking to it. Parliament soon realised this, and leading MPs like John Pym (right) now began to feel that Charles was not a man who could be trusted. Charles had got awaywith it this time – but had blotted his copy book a further time with Parliament!

Economic problems

What is this building?

Economic problems

The Bank of England

Economic problems

What character is ‘Jack’ in this

film?

Economic problems

Birmingham

Liverpool

Manchester

Southampton

Norwich

Hull

Economic problems

It is 1629. You are fed up with Parliament trying to boss you around, and have it dissolved.However, you still need the money which Parliament usually gives you, and so you decide to raise some Ship Money – and you say it is to protect the people against Pirates! This is a tax which is usually paid by towns on the coast during a war so that ships can be built to protect them.Where shall you impose Ship Money?

Economic problems

A – Costal towns. I won’t raise as much cash, but at least I’ll not be offending people!

B – Costal and inland towns all over the country. I’ll raise loads of ‘dosh’ this way!

C – Costal towns first. Then gradually implement it to inland towns in the form of a new tax. I should be able to manage my finances this way!

Economic problems

A – Costal towns. I won’t raise as much cash, but at least I’ll not be offending people!

A sensible policy, although the coastal towns are very angry

about the tax because the country isn't even at war!

Lose 5 points from your

health

Economic problems

B – Costal and inland towns all over the country. I’ll raise loads of ‘dosh’ this way!

A terrible error. The country isn't even at war to start with, and of

what use will ships be for Midland counties?! It is quite clear to the public that this is just an easy way for you to raise money

without having to go to Parliament.


health

Economic problems

C – Costal towns first. Then gradually implement it to inland towns in the form of a new tax. I should be able to manage my finances this way!

It makes a lot of sense to introduce the policy gradually to see how badly people

react. Nevertheless, the country isn't even at war to start with, and of what

use will ships be for Midland counties?! It is quite clear to the public that this is

just an easy way for you to raise money without having to go to Parliament.


health


Charles imposed Ship Money firstly on the coastal counties, then on the inland counties as well. This was deeply resented, because not only was the country not at war, but even if it was then the inland counties would hardly need ships to protect them!One man, John Hampden, refused to pay the money, and was taken to court. The judges were on Charles's side and decided that Hampden had to pay.


Religious problems (a)Thomas Cramner Henry VIII Thomas Cromwell

Religious problems

(a)

William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury

Religious problems (a)

It is 1637.William Laud, your Archbishop of Canterbury, is trying to make the Church of England more popular by making Churches more decorative and beautiful. Many Puritans feel that Laud is actually a Catholic in disguise and very soon lots of pamphlets start appearing which say so.Eventually you arrest three people in connection with this named Prynne, Burton and Bastwick.What do you do with them?

Religious problems (a)A – Execute them. Religion has causes enough problems over the years for Monarchs and we don’t want these people causing even more problems.

B – Imprison them. In that way they won’t become martyrs.

C – Disfigure them. In that way they will look stupid, and will scare people off trying anything like this again!


A – Execute them. Religion has causes enough problems over the years for Monarchs and we don’t want these people causing even more problems.

You have Prynne, Burton and Bastwick burnt at the stake as heretics.

This certainly frightens a lot of people, but in the long term you are seen as being

brutal and unreasonable. Even worse, a lot of people now become convinced that

you are a Catholic, like "Bloody Mary"!

Lose 10 points from your health

Religious problems

(a)

B – Imprison them. In that way they won’t become martyrs.

Prynne, Burton and Bastwick are thrown into the Tower of

London.Probably the most sensible option.

This will not make you popular with the Puritans, but at least you will manage to keep their ideas from spreading quite so fast.


health


C – Disfigure them. In that way they will look stupid, and will scare people off trying anything like this again!

You have the three offenders tortured very nastily and then released. This certainly

frightens a lot of people into silence, but secretly many people think that you are now very

unreasonable and maybe even a secret Catholic yourself. They want revenge!

Lose 8 points from your health


Charles decided to humiliate Prynne, Burton and Bastwick. He had their ears cut off with blunt knives so that they would not be able to hear any more nasty things about Laud.Many of the King's opponents thought that this was far too brutal, and suggested that maybe Laud was a cannibal who was going to eat the ears for dinner! (see picture)


Religious problems (b)

It is 1637.Archbishop Laud visits you in your palace, bringing with him a New Prayer Book which includes a few Catholic-style touches. "Your Majesty," he says, "with this book we could strengthen our Church by making it more decorative and beautiful; and with Prynne, Burton and Bastwick now dealt with there is no reason for it to fail".You are very interested, but become a bit concerned when Laud suggests that it should also be imposed in Scotland."Surely that would be dangerous, Laud?" you say."Why?" he asks."Because the Scots are even stronger Protestants than the English, and could react really badly. Maybe we should just limit it to England for now"."But your Highness!" replies Laud, "If we don't impose it on the Scots, then they would have a different religion to the rest of your Kingdom, which would never do!"You realise that what he says also makes sense.What do you do?


A – Don’t impose it at all. The Scots have a bit of a history of rebellion and it may be more trouble than it’s worth trying to force the book on them.

B – Impose it quickly, and firmly. If you don’t then England and Scotland would have two different religions – that’ll never do in your Kingdom!


A – Don’t impose it at all. The Scots have a bit of a history of rebellion and it may be more trouble than it’s worth trying to force the book on them.

This makes sense in a way, although you end up with England

and Scotland having different religions. It will not be long before

the Scots start pressing for independence on other issues too.

Lose 5 points


B – Impose it quickly, and firmly. If you don’t then England and Scotland would have two different religions – that’ll never do in your Kingdom!

Firmness can also be stubbornness. The Scots are furious at being told to use what they see as a Catholic

Prayer Book, and start to rebel against you.

Lose 10 points

What really happened?Charles decided to impose the Prayer Book swiftly and firmly in Scotland. This was a terrible mistake, as the Scots were very strong Protestants and thought that the book was a piece of Catholic evil. When priests tried to read it out, there were riots



Bishop’s War with Scotland


It is 1640.The Scots no longer have any sense of loyalty to you, and eventually you agree with Laud and the Bishops that war must be declared.Unfortunately, the Scots smash your armies to pieces!They are now in the North of England, and you have to pay them £850 per day just to stop them from coming any further!You simply can't raise this much money, and have to call Parliament to ask for some extra cash.Parliament, though, is furious with you for imposing Ship Money and following Laud's ideas - they accuse you of trying to cut down the English Church.The MP's say that in return for the money you must hand over Laud and your favourite soldier, Strafford, for execution as traitors


A – Hand over Laud and Strafford to Parliament. You haven’t really got any choice!

B – Refuse to hand over them. They’re your mates and you rate them as soldiers after all. If things get a bit hairy later on – you may need to rely on them both!


A – Hand over Laud and Strafford to Parliament. You haven’t really got any choice!

Painful, but realistic. Laud and Strafford are handed over and swiftly executed by

Parliament - but at least you are able to keep the Scots under control. Nevertheless, it is

becoming clear that Parliament is getting the upper hand and is becoming incredibly bossy.

Lose 3 points from your total


B – Refuse to hand over them. They’re your mates and you rate them as soldiers after all. If things get a bit hairy later on – you may need to rely on them both!

What's the point?! Parliament simply gets more angry, and you know that you will

have to agree unless you want the Scots to march to London and take your throne! All that happens is that you have to give

them up for execution anyway, after falling out even more with Parliament

Lose 10 points from your total!



Charles had little choice in the matter. He sacrificed Laud and Strafford, who were both executed. The executions drew massive crowds outside the Tower of London, as both men were widely hated. Charles was deeply upset about the whole business.


The 5 members

It is 1642.Parliament recently passed the Grand Remonstrance, which limited your powers still further. However, it only just got through Parliament - 159 people voted in favour, but 148 voted against it.Many MP's are clearly coming over to your side and think that Parliament is getting too big for its boots.Some of your advisors suggest that this is a good time to arrest the leading Five Members of Parliament who are against you so that you can get back in control. What do you say?

The 5 members

A – Burst into Parliament tomorrow and grab the 5 unawares!

B – Forget the idea – it will just cause more trouble than it’s worth!

C – Use a few spies to work out when the 5 members will be in Parliament, then go ahead and grab them there!

The 5 membersA – Burst into Parliament tomorrow and grab the 5 unawares!

A terrible mistake. Although you succeed in arresting the 5

Members, all those MP's who had been supporting you are now

convinced that you are evil. Parliament is re-united against

you and your situation looks worse than ever.

Lose 3 points

The 5 members

B – Forget the idea – it will just cause more trouble than it’s worth!

A wise move. In this way you will encourage more MP's to come over to your side and not scare them off by acting too harshly, although a few

others think that you are weak and unable to stand up to

Parliament.

Gain 5 points

The 5 members

C – Use a few spies to work out when the 5 members will be in Parliament, then go ahead and grab them there!

You send the spies, but some of them must have been double-agents, because the 5 Members get to hear of the plan to arrest them and vanish. When you burst

into Parliament they are already gone and you look a complete fool.

Lose 15 points



Charles decided to use a few spies to work out when the 5 Members would all be in Parliament, but some of them must have been double-agents, because the 5 Members got to hear of the plan to arrest them and vanished. When Charles burst into Parliament they were not there and the Speaker refused to tell the King where they were, saying "I have neither eyes to see nor ears to hear in this place."Charles had no option but to leave again, looking a complete idiot.

The 5 members

The Irish and the 19 propositions



The Irish are in open rebellion against you because they can see that you are having problems.You go to Parliament and tell them how important it is to send an army over there to deal with them. They agree, but you are shocked when they present you with a list of Nineteen Propositions which demand that control of the army should be in the hands of Parliament and that even the education of your children should be in their hands.


A Give into their demands. It’s important that the country gets back to normal whatever the personal cost to me

B Refuse. It would be humiliating and leave you powerless


A Give into their demands. It’s important that the country gets back to normal whatever the personal cost to me

In the circumstances, this is probably the best you

can do, although it is only making Parliament ever

more arrogant

Add 3 to your score


B Refuse. It would be humiliating and leave you powerless

By refusing to accept you prove that you have a great deal of principle, but

it means that any chance of compromise is over. War is now

inevitable.

Lose 15 points


Charles completely refused to surrender control of the army, saying that to do so would make him "a mere phantom of a King". At this point both sides realised that there was no hope of agreement, and that a war was now inevitable.

In August 1642 Charles raised his standard at Nottingham and appealed to all loyal subjects to join him in a war against Parliament. The Civil War had begun.

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Health & Medicine

Civil War Causes