COLONGCOLONGMembers Name:

Phang Zi FengShen YizheWong Jian Kun VincentChow Hao Wen SamuelSyukri Omar BinTalib

WHAT IS CANCER?WHAT IS CANCER? Cancer is the second-leading cause of death

in the United States develops when cells in a part of your body begin to

grow out of control Cancer cells can sometimes travel to other parts of

the body where they then begin to grow and replace normal tissue

Cancer cells develop because of damage to DNA Cancer cells usually form a tumour Different types of cancer behave differently

WHAT IS COLORECTAL WHAT IS COLORECTAL CANCER?CANCER?

is the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States

occurs most frequently in men and women > 50 usually develops slowly over several years is cancer that develops in the colon or the rectum The walls of the colon and rectum have several

layers of tissue The colon has 4 sections

A PICTURE OF THE COLON A PICTURE OF THE COLON OR THE LARGE INTESTINEOR THE LARGE INTESTINE

SYMPTOMS OF COLON SYMPTOMS OF COLON CANCERCANCER

The most common is rectal bleeding Chronic bleeding may result in iron deficiency

anaemia, which may cause fatigue and pale skin These are the likely symptoms:

pooping more or less often stool is thinner than usual stomach cramping or bloating bright red blood in or on poop unexplained weight loss constantly feel tired feel gassy Low iron content in blood (anaemia) etc

WHAT CAUSES WHAT CAUSES COLORECTAL CANCERCOLORECTAL CANCER

Family history of colorectal cancer A personal history of colorectal cancer Having had colorectal cancer Age > 50 Diet:

A diet high in fat, especially fat from animal sources Lack of exercise Overweight Smokers are 30% to 40% > likely to die of colorectal

cancer Heavy use of alcohol

PREVENTION OF PREVENTION OF COLORECTAL CANCERCOLORECTAL CANCER

Regular Screening or testing Diet and exercise Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Female hormones Other factors:

strong family history of colorectal cancer Genetic tests People with familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) should start

colonoscopy during their teens People with hereditary non-Polyposis colon cancer should start

colonoscopy screening during their twenties

TREATMENT FOR TREATMENT FOR COLORECTAL CANCERCOLORECTAL CANCER

Cancers that have not spread beyond the colon or rectum may require only surgery. If the cancer has spread, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or both is needed

Staging is a way for the doctor to tell how far the cancer has spread

The most common staging system are: Stage I: cancer has not spread beyond the inside of colon or

rectum Stage II: cancer has spread into the muscle layer of colon or

rectum Stage III: cancer has spread to one or more lymph nodes in the

area Stage IV: cancer has spread to other parts of the body

TREATMENT FOR TREATMENT FOR COLORECTAL CANCERCOLORECTAL CANCER

Types of surgery: polypectomy colonoscopy sigmoidoscopy bowel resection colostomy Radiation therapy Chemotherapy

TEST FOR COLORECTAL TEST FOR COLORECTAL CANCERCANCER

Colonoscopy is a test that allows the doctor to look at the interior lining of the large intestine through a instrument called a colonoscopy

A colonoscopy helps to detect ulcers, polyps, tumours, and areas of inflammation or bleeding Is a thin, flexible instrument that ranges from 48 inch

to 72 inch long A small video camera is attached to it In some cases, the colonoscopy may use fibre optics However, digital video technology has generally

replaced fibre optics

HOME TREATMENTHOME TREATMENT For nausea or vomiting, watch for and treat early signs of

dehydration For diarrhoea, do not eat for several hours until you feel

better and watch for signs of dehydration For constipation, do gentle exercise, drink plenty of fluids

and eat lots of foods that contain fibre For fatigue get extra rest while you are having

chemotherapy or radiation therapy For sleep problems go to bed at the same time every

night, exercise during the day, and avoiding naps For mouth sores:

Drink cold liquids and from a straw Eat soft food Rinse your mouth several times a day with a warm

saltwater rinse

TREATMENT WITH TREATMENT WITH PALLIATIVE CAREPALLIATIVE CARE

Palliative care is the care that relieves suffering and improves the quality of a patient’s life

Common symptoms that are treated and controlled or relieved by palliative care can include: fatigue depression and anxiety pain trouble breathing loss of appetite and weight loss confusion