2. Tissues are groups of cells that aresimilar in structure and
function.* Epithelium * MuscleCoveringsMovementLinings of surfaces*
Connective * NervousSupportControlBone, ligaments, fat Brain,
nerves, spinalcord 3. Connective TissueIt is a basic type of
tissue, ofmesodermal origin,Which provides structuraland metabolic
support fortissues and organs. 4. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS1- are
formed of widely separated, few cellswith abundant extracellular
matrix.2- Originate from mesenchyme ( anembryonic tissue ) which
develops mainlyfrom mesoderm.3- most C.T. are vascular. 5.
Connective Tissue 6. Functions:Binding
togetherSupportPhysicalprotectionImmune protectionStorageTransport
7. Classification of connective tissueA. Embryonal connective
tissueMesenchymeMucous connective tissueB. Adult connective tissue
(mature connective tissue) 8. Connective tissue
cellsFibroblastMacrophageMast cellPlasma cellFat cellPigmented
cellWandering blood cells 9. Mesenchyme stellate shape - ovoid
nucleus - prominent nucleoli - fine chromatin - cytoplasm:
paleFunction: Precursor 10. Mucous connective tissue
cellsfibroblast Delicate fiber collagen fiber ground mucoprotein
fibroblastsubstance Whartonjellyumbilicallocationcord 11. Mucous
connective tissuefibroblastamorphous ground substance Assist. Prof.
Kesorn Sripaoraya 1211/20/12 12. - fibroblast- collagen fiber 13.
Adult connective tissueConnective tissueSpecializedproper
connective tissue General property Special propertyCartilage(common
property)Bone Reticular LooseBlood Adipose Dense Pigmented 14.
Connective tissue proper (general property)Loose connect tissue
Dense connect tissueLoose irregularlyarranged connective tissue 15.
Loose connective tissue11/20/12 Assist. Prof. Kesorn Sripaoraya 16
16. Collagen fibers 17. Loose connective tissue Contains abundant
ground substanceand tissue fluid, nearly all type of C.T.cells and
less amounts of fibers. Located in subcutaneous tissue,
laminapropria of gastrointestinal & respiratorytracts, around
blood vessels & organsand under serous membranes. In
inflammatory condition it swellsbecause of increased extra-cellular
fluid(Edema). 18. Connective tissue cells Resident type : Transient
type- fibroblast &(Wandering bloodfibrocyte cell)- adipose
cell- lymphocytes- macrophage - eosinophils- mast cell -
neutrophils- plasma cell - monocytes- pigmented cell 19.
FibroblastStellate shape Basophilic cyto. Pale nucleus Functions:
Structuralproduction of - fibers and - ground substance 20.
Fibroblast 21. Collagen synthesis polyribosomespolyribosomes
polypeptide chainpolypeptide chain rER & GA modifiedrER &
GA modified procollagen Vit C procollagen ExocytosisExocytosis
Converted by enzymeConverted by enzyme Tropocollagen
orTropocollagen or collagen moleculecollagen molecule Align to form
the finalAlign to form the final collagen fibrilscollagen fibrils
22. collagen fibrils 23. Type of collagen fibers On the basis of
the combination of chains they contain.Type I* :- loose connective
tissue , dermistendon , fibrocartilage & boneType II* :-
cartilage & nucleus pulposusType III* :- slender fiber form
network, reticular fiberType IV :- basement membraneType V & X
:- perilacunar of cartilage 24. Collagen type III, IV, VII 27 25.
Reticular FibersThin collagen fibers arranged inframework instead
of bundles.Synthesized by the fibroblasts.They form the reticular
network ofsome organs such as lymph nodesand bone marrow.They
present also in basementmembrane. 26. Elastic fibers (yellow
fiber)Slender, long and branching fibers in looseconnective tissue,
but coarse bundles inelastic ligaments.Formed by the fibroblasts
and smoothmuscle cells.Composed of protein elsatin and can
bestretched to one and half times its originallength.It is present
in large arteries, larynx andtrachea, ligamentum flavum and
frameworkof the spleen. 27. Macrophage They may be fixed or
transient. They are active phagocytes removing celldebris and
protecting the body againstforeign invaders. They are derived from
monocytes(transient) or from UDMC (histiocytes). Highly motile,
irregular in shape withpseudopodia. Have dark nucleus and
basophiliccytoplasm containingnumerouslysosomes, vacuoles and
residualbodies. 28. Macrophage Irregular shape 1ST lysosomes (P)-
homogeneous matrix 2nd lysosomes (S)- heterogeneous matrix Surface-
fingers projectn 29. Macrophage Liver Lung 30. Mast cell 31. Mast
cell-Heparin granule (dermis, submucosa)-Histamine (mucosa)- ECF-A
(stimulate eosinophil release enzyme) 32. Plasma cell basophilic
cytoplasm eccentric nucleus nucleus clockfaceor cartwheel produces
globulinantibody 11/20/12Assist. Prof. Kesorn Sripaoraya 40 33.
Plasma cell They are derived from B-lymphocytes. Large ovoid cells
with eccentrically placednucleus. Its cytoplasm is intensely
basophilic(RER). Its nucleus has the characteristic clock-face or
radial spoke appearance. They present in areas of
chronicinflammation and foreign bodies, wherethey manufacture and
secrete antibodies. 34. Fat cell 35. Fat / Adipose Cell in
adipocytes. Loose C.T. very rich Two types of adipose C.T.
Unilocular (white fat) C.T.: its fatcells are of unilocular type,
presentin subcutaneous tissue, aroundorgans and blood vessels.
Multilocular (brown fat) C.T.,present in infants and
hibernatinganimals, cells arerich inmitochondria, supply heat. 36.
Fat / Adipose Cell Brown adipose tissueWhite adipose tissue 37.
Dense irregular Contains abundant amounts of fiberswith less cells
and ground substances. Has tightly packed coarse collagenbundles
arranged randomly in alldirections, with few elastic fibers.
Fibroblasts and other less cells arearranged between the collagen
fibers. They are found in dermis of skin,capsule of organs, sheaths
aroundnerves and dura mater. 38. Dense irregular11/20/12Assist.
Prof. Kesorn Sripaoraya 49 39. Dense regular Contains abundant
amounts of fibers withless cells and ground substances. Has tightly
packed coarse collagenbundles arranged in parallel fashion toform
cord-like cylinders (tendons &ligaments) or sheets
(aponeurosis). Fibroblasts are arranged between thecollagen fibers
so they appears elongatedwith their dash-like elongated nuclei. It
is also called white fibrous C.T. 40. Dense regularCTendon cell=
collagen fibers 41. Cell types Main product orMain function
activityFibroblast Production of fibers and Structural ground
subst.Plasma cellProduction of antibody ImmunologicLymphocyte
Production ofImmunologic immunocompetent cellEosinophil
Phagocytosis of Ag-AbImmunologic complexMacrophage Phagocytosis of
foreignDefense& Neutrophil subst. & bacteriaMast cell
&Liberation of histamineDefenseBasophilAdiposeStorage of
neutral fat,Energy reservior; heat productionheat production 42.
THANK YOU MAM ALMOND :-D
