LECTURE TOPIC:

CARDIO – VASCULAR SYSTEM

C.V.S

HEART BLOOD VESSELS

Arteries Veins

(Cor, cordis)

Cone shaped, muscular organ.Weight = 250 – 350 gm.Located in the middle mediastinumFour chambers: two atria, two ventriclesBoth ventricles – double pump Responsible for blood circulation

THE HEART

HEART POSITION IN THE THORAX

Apex

Base of the heart

From 2nd rib – 5th I/C space Apex – 1 cm inside to left mid clavicular line

Chest X RAY:

Male X RayFemale X Ray

Note location of the heart

Layers of the heart:

1. Pericardium2. Myocardium3. Endocardium

(Heart muscle is in between outer and inner layers)

Pericardium

Visceral

Fibrous

(The outer most covering of the heart)

Serous

Parietal

(Visceral = Epicardium)

Development of pericardium around the heart

The Pericardium:

MYOCARDIUM:

Middle layer of the heart.Thickness:

Atria = 2 – 3 mm.Right ventricle = 4 – 6 mm.Left ventricle = 11 – 14 mm.

Insertion: Fibrous skeleton of the heart

MYOCARDIUM

Myocardium :

In atria: Pectinate musclesIn ventricles: Papillary muscles

3 Papillary muscles in the RV (attaches to the tricuspid valve cusps).

2 Papillary muscles in the LV ( attaches to the bicuspid value cusps.

(From inside)

MiddlePapillary Muscles

Chordae Tendineae

Valve cusps

ENDOCARDIUM:

• Inner layer of the heart.

•Covers hart chambers from inside.

• Formed by endothelia.

•Participates in the formation of heart valves.

Myocardium Tricuspid

Mitral

Aortic

Pulmonary

Right Atrium

HEART CHAMBERS

Two Atria Two VentriclesLeft Atrium Right Ventric

le Left Ventricle

HEART CHAMBERS

=======================================================

R.A

R.V

L.A

L.V

R R

INTER VENTRICULAR SEPTUM

INTER ATRIAL SEPTUM

HEART CHAMBERS

HEART VALVES:

Four Valves in the heart.Open and close (heart beating)

Right AV-Valve

VALVES OF THE HEART

Two in betweenAtria and Ventricles

Two in the startOf Great vessels

Left AV-Valve Pulmonary ValveAortic Valve

VALVES INSIDE THE HEART:

• RIGHT A.V. VALVE = TRICUSPID VALVE• LEFT A.V. VALVE = BICUSPID VALVE (Mitral valve)

R RVALVE VALVE

TRICUSPID BICUSPID

ATRIO – VENTRICULAR VALVES(TRICUSPID AND BICUSPID VALVES)

PULMONARY AND AORTIC VALVES(SEMI-LUNAR VALVES)

Conducting system of the heart:ATYPICAL

MYOCARDIUM:

IMPULSE GENERATING

IMPULSE CONDECTING

(NODE)

(BUNDLE)

NODES:

1. Sino – Atrial node (S.A Node)(Self generating Pacemaker)

2. Atrio – Ventricular node (A.V Node) (generate impulse when S.A node fails)

BUNDLES:

Inter atrial pathways Inter ventricular bundles

Three in number

Connect S.A Node to the A.V Node

Bundle of Hiss

Right Bundle Branch

Left Bundle Branch

Conducting systemof the heart:

BLOOD SUPLY OF THE HEART

1. RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY

2. LEFT CORONARY ARTERY

BLOOD SUPLY OF THE HEART

BLOODSUPLYOF THEHEART

MEDONLINE

thank you for attention.

THE END!