Designing A Healthy Diet

By: Gabrielle Noch & Elizabeth Gooden

What is a Diet?

• Diet: A particular selection of food, especially as designed or prescribed to improve a person's physical condition or to prevent or treat a disease.

• In addition to designing a helpful diet, consistent exercise and nutrition are key to keeping up one's diet plan.

• http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/diet?fromAsk=true&o=100074

BMI

• Body mass index: is a measure of body fat based on height and weight that applies to adult men and women. BMI is a person's weight divided by his or her height in. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) now defines normal weight, overweight, and obesity according to BMI instead of height/weight charts. Overweight is a BMI of 27.3 or more for women and 27.8 or more for men. Obesity is a BMI of 30 or more for either sex (about 30 pounds overweight). A very muscular person might have a high BMI without health risks.

Cite To Calculate BMI: http://www.nhlbisupport.com/bmi/ • http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=16125

High Blood Pressure

• Hypertension is the term used to describe high blood pressure.• Blood pressure is a measurement of the force against the walls of your arteries as your heart pumps blood

through your body.• About 1 in 3 U.S., 68 million, have high blood pressure, which increases the risk for heart disease and stroke,

leading causes of death in the United States. High blood pressure is called the "silent killer" because it often has no warning signs or symptoms, and many people don't realize they have it

• Normal blood pressure is when your blood pressure is lower than 120/80 mmHg most of the time.• High blood pressure (hypertension) is when your blood pressure is 140/90 mmHg or above most of the time• If your blood pressure numbers are 120/80 or higher, but below 140/90, it is called pre-hypertension

Causes•Stress/ Anxiety•Pregnancy (pre-eclampsia)•Ethnic Background (African Americans more likely) •Obese•Alcoholic•Diabetes•Smoker

Obesity• Obesity occurs when a person consumes more calories than he or she burns. For many people this boils down to eating

too much and exercising too little. But there are other factors that also play a role in obesity. These may include:• Age: As you get older, your body's ability to metabolize food slows down and you don't require as many calories to

maintain your weight.• Gender: Women tend to be more overweight than men. Men have a higher resting metabolic rate (meaning they burn

more energy at rest) than women, so men require more calories to maintain their body weight. Also, when women become postmenopausal, their metabolic rate decreases.

• Genetics: Obesity (and thinness) tends to run in families. In a study of adults who were adopted as children, researchers found that participating adult weights were closer to their biological parents' weights than their adoptive parents'. If your biological mother is heavy as an adult, there a 75% chance that you will be heavy. If your biological mother is thin, there is also a 75% chance that you will be thin.

• Environmental factors: Environmental factors include lifestyle behaviors such as what a person eats and how active he or she is.

• Physical activity: Active individuals require more calories than less active ones to maintain their weight. Also, physical activity tends to decrease appetite in obese individuals while increasing the body's ability to metabolize fat as an energy source.

• Psychological factors: Many people eat in response to negative emotions such as boredom, sadness, or anger. About 30% of people who seek treatment for serious weight problems have difficulties with binge eating. During a binge-eating episode, people eat large amounts of food while feeling they can't control how much they are eating.

• Illness: Hormone problems such as hypothyroidism (poorly acting thyroid slows metabolism), depression, and some rare diseases of the brain that can lead to overeating.

• Medication: Certain drugs,(steroids, antidepressants)

What Can Children do to maintain a healthy lifestyle and diet?

• Kids today are leading lifestyles that are unhealthy. They sit all day at school and then come home to TV, video games and junk food.

• http://www.slimkids.com

Slim Kids Diet

• Slim kids is the only diet that is professional doctor and dietician approved.

• This program is designed to help overweight or obese children and overweight and obese teens of all ages.

• This diet will help you loose weight and it is a safe diet that can be done at home.

• http://www.slimkids.com/program.asp

Children's Nutrition Ages 2-13

Ages 2-3 Girls and Boys• Calories: 1,000-1,400 depending on growth and activity

level. • Protein: 2-4 ounces• Fruits: 1-1.5 cups • Vegetables: 1-1,5 cups• Grains: 3-5 ounces• Dairy: 2-2.5 cups

Ages 4 to 8 Girls• Calories: 1,200- 1,800 depending on growth and activity

level.• Protein: 3-5 ounces• Fruits: 1-1.5 cups• Vegetables: 1.5- 2.5 cups• Grains: 4-6 ounces• Dairy: 2.5- 3 cups

Ages 4 to 8 Boys• Calories: 1,200-2,000• Protein: 3-5.5 ounces• Fruits: 1-2 cups• Vegetables: 1.5-2.5 cups• Grains: 4-6 ounces• Dairy:2.5- 3 cups

Ages 9-13 Girls• Calories: 1,400-2,200 • Protein: 4-6 ounces• Fruits: 1.5- 2 cups• Grains: 5-7 ounces• Dairy: 2.5- 3 cups

Ages 9-13 Boys• Calories: 1,600- 2, 600 • Proteins: 5- 6.5 ounces• Fruits: 1.5- 2 cups• Vegetables:2-3.5 cups• Grains: 5-9 ounces

http://mayoclinic.com/health/recipes-for-kids/MY01341

Ways to keep a Healthy Diet for Children/ Pre-Teens

• Have regular family meals• Cook more meals at home• Get kids involved• Make a variety of healthy snacks available instead of

empty calorie snacks• Limit portion sizes• http://helpguide.org/life/healthy-eating-children-teens.htm

Balanced Diet for Teens• The amount of vegetables for a average 15 year old girl with an average weight should obtain 2.5 cups a day, for a boy

3.5 cups a day.• Most teens should consume more fresh vegetables rather than fruit juices.• The average fruit a teen should consume daily is 2 cups Sample Healthy Diet Menu Breakfast-• 1 cup of cottage cheese with berries,• 1 hard boiled egg, • 1 cup of low fat milk or tea.Lunch-• 5 oz. of chicken breast• 1 bowl of vegetable soup• 1 baked potatoSnack-• 1 glass of vegetable juice or smoothie• 1 whole wheat toast with a teaspoon of butter• 3-5 ounces of fish with salad.

http://www.healthy-dietpedia.com/healthy-diet-for-teenagers.html

http://www.livestrong.com/article/193353-balanced-diets-for-teens/

Balanced Diet for AdultsWhole Grains- • Breakfast cereals• Rice • Pasta• Bread• NoodlesVegetables-( 2.5-3.5 cups)• Tomatoes• Potatoes• Carrots• Green peas• Broccoli • http://www.buzzle.com/articles/

balanced-diet-chart.html

Meat, egg, and beans( 5.5-6.5 ounces)Oils-(27-37 grams)• Low fat mayonnaise• Light salad dressing• Vegetable oil• Olive oil• Additional low calorie foodsFruits-(1.5-2 cups)• Bananas• Grapes• Oranges• Peaches• Mangos• Pineapple• BerriesDairy(3 cups)-• Milk• Yogurt• Cheese

Water• Water is an essential need to life and staying healthy.• At least twenty percent of the water you need comes

from the foods you eat. • Experts believe you can estimate the amount of water

you need by taking your weight in pounds and dividing that by two

• Failure to drink enough water will lead to dehydration, dizziness and cramps.

• http://nutrition.about.com/od/hydrationwater/a/waterarticle.htmumber in half

• http://www.livestrong.com/article/445521-how-much-water-does-the-human-body-need-daily/

Foods to Avoid• Battered, and deep fried foods• Sugary sodas• Processed lunch meats• Greasy snack chips• White bread and refined pasta• Most canned spaghetti and ravioli• Sugary breakfast cereals• Frozen Fried Chicken, fish sticks and corn dogshttp://nutrition.about.com/od/nutrition101/a/keepitsimple.htm

Healthy Food• Dark leafy greens• Fresh fruit and berries• Lean Turkey and chicken • Nuts, dried fruits and healthy snacks• Whole grain breads and pasta• Healthy cooking oils like canola and olive oils• Grass fed beef and bison• Cold water oily ocean fish• Low fat milk or soy beverages• Vegetables such as green beans, peas, and broccoli.

• http://nutrition.about.com/od/nutrition101/a/keepitsimple.htm

Vitamins• Vitamin A- Maintains healthy skin, protects against infection and sunburn.

Some sources that contain Vitamin A is Milk, Cheese, Liver, carrots and butter. • Vitamin B1- Aids in promoting normal appetite, and digestion. Maintains

healthy nervous system and prevents irritability. Sources that contain Vitamin B1 include meat, fish, poultry, eggs and cereal.

• Vitamin B2-Aids in absorption of nutrients. Maintains healthy skin, tongue, and lips. Food that contains Vitamin B2 would include milk and green leafy vegetables

• Vitamin C-Maintains healthy bones, teeth and blood vessels. Promotes healing of broken bones and wounds. Some sources would include oranges and limes.

• Vitamin D-Aids in strengthening of bones and teeth. Some sources would include tuna and sardines.

• http://www.wellbeing-nutrition.com/nutrition.htm

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http://www.choosemyplate.gov/• Unknown. (2012). Retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/diet?

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Citation Page (Cont.)• unknown. (2012, 08/12).Mayo Clinic. Retrieved from

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dietpedia.com/healthy-diet-for-teenagers.html • unknown. (2012). Live strong. Retrieved from

http://www.livestrong.com/article/193353-balanced-diets-for-teens • unknown. (2012). Buzzle. Retrieved from

http://www.buzzle.com/articles/balanced-diet-chart.html

• unknown. (2012). Live strong. Retrieved from http://www.livestrong.com/article/445521-how-much-water-does-the-human-body-need-daily

• unknown. (2012). Nutrition. Retrieved from http://nutrition.about.com/od/nutrition101/a/keepitsimple

• Harfleet, E. (2012). Wellbeing. Retrieved from http://www.wellbeing-nutrition.com/nutrition.htm