Topic

Hypertension

Presented To: Sir Bakht Tareen

Presented By: Naveed Akhtar

Hypertension

• Hypertension is the term used to describe high blood pressure.

• HTN means the heart is working harder than normal , putting extra strain on the heart and vessels.

• When the normal regulatory mechanisms fail, hypertension develops.

Hypertension

Hypertension

• Hypertension may be classified as essential or secondary.

• Essential hypertension is the term for high blood pressure with unknown cause. It accounts for about 95% of cases.

Secondary hypertension

• The remaining 5–10% of cases (secondary hypertension) are caused by other conditions that affect the kidneys, arteries, heart and endocrine system.

Hypertension

• Some 70 million adults in the United States are affected by hypertension. The condition also affects about two million teens and children. According to a report issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in September 2012, over half all Americans with hypertension do not have their high blood pressure under control.

Hypertension

• Persistent blood pressure that is higher than the recommended blood pressure range.

Category Systolic Blood Pressure

Diastolic Blood Pressure

Normal < 120 <80

Pre-hypertension 120-139 80-89

Hypertension – Stage 1

140-159 90-99

Hypertension – Stage 2

>160 >100

Hypertension

• Approximately one in four American adults has hypertension.

• As many as 2.8 million children also have high blood pressure.

• The prevalence of hypertension increases with age.

Prevalence of Hypertension by Age

Age % Hypertensive

18-29 4%

30-39 11%

40-49 21%

50-59 44%

60-69 54%

70-79 64%

80+ 65%

Factors effecting HTN

• How much water and salt you have in your body.

• The condition of your kidneys, nervous system, or blood vessels.

• The levels of different body hormones.

Causes

• Exact cause is unknown.

• 90%-95% of the time hypertension is elevated blood pressure without an identifiable cause.

Causes

• Drink too much alcohol (more than one drink per day for women and more than two drinks per day for men).

• Eat too much salt in your diet.

• Stress.

Causes

• Have a family history of high blood pressure.

• Have diabetes.

• Smoking.

• Obesity.

Effects

• Heart Failure.

• Enlarged Left Side of the Heart.

• Coronary Artery Disease.

• Retinal Damage (Eyes).

Effects

• Cerebrovascular disease (Brain)

• Peripheral Vascular Disease

• Kidney Failure

Advice

• It should be kept in mind that when you are going to check your blood pressure you have to go to a prescribed doctor.

Symptoms

• HTN is so dangerous that it has no symptoms.

• Therefore HTN is termed as

“ The Silent Killer”.

Malignant hypertension.

• If you have a severe headache, nausea or vomiting, bad headache, confusion, changes in your vision, or nosebleeds you may have a severe and dangerous form of high blood pressure called malignant hypertension.

Tests

• High cholesterol levels

• Heart disease, such as an echocardiogram or electrocardiogram

• Kidney disease, such as a basic metabolic panel and urinalysis or ultrasound of the kidneys

Treatment

• You can do many things to control your blood pressure, including:

1. Eat a heart-healthy diet, including potassium and fiber, and drink plenty of water.

2. Exercise regularly -- at least 30 minutes.

3. Stop smoking.

Treatment

4. Limit how much alcohol you drink (one drink a day for women, two a day for men).

5. Limit the amount of sodium (salt) you eat (less than 1,500 mg per day).

6. Reduce stress.

Treatment

• Stay at a healthy body weight (find a weight-loss program to help you, if you need it).