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Present by: M.Nafly (HND in Biomedical * Nafly Hussain*

Epithelial cell

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Page 1: Epithelial cell

* Nafly Hussain*

Present by: M.Nafly(HND in Biomedical scientist)

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* Nafly Hussain*

Epithelial cell

Stratified squamous

Simple cuboidal Simple squamous

Simple columnarStratified columnar

Pseudostratified columnar

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Epithelial cell

Simple

Epithelial cell Simple Squamous Simple Cuboidal Simple Columnar

Stratified

Epithelial cell Stratified Squamous Stratified Cuboidal Pseudo Stratified

Columnar

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Squamous Epithelia

Simple SquamousEpithelia

Stratified SquamousEpithelia

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Squamous Epithelia:Structure

Simple Squamous Epithelia consist of a single layer of flattened cells and it has a

nucleus. It’s shape is rather like crazy paving.

Stratified Squamous Epithelia has many layers of flattened cells.

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Squamous Epithelia: Function

• Simple Squamous Epithelia It protects line passageways cavity and cover the pleura,

pericardium and peritoneum.

• Stratified Squamous EpitheliaThis epithelium protects underlying layer and repair itself rapidly if damaged .

Outer layer of the cell may be keratinized on dry surface such as skin.

 

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Squamous Epithelia Located places

Simple Squamous Epithelia

Lining the heart Blood vessels Lung alveoli Body cavities

Stratified Squamous Epithelia

Lining the mouth Cervix and virgina

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Blood vessels

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Lining the mouth

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Apical surface

Apical surface

Basal surface

Basal surface

Nucleus

Nucleus

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Squamous Epithelia Adaptation

• This epithelial cells either impervious or semipermiable depending on the tissue

• Outer layer of the cell may be keratinized on dry surface such as skin.

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Structure of cuboidal epithelia

Characteristics : • Roughly square in shape.

• Each cell has a spherical nucleus in the centre.

• Cells lie on basement membrane.

• Tightly packed with little or no-inter cellular substance.

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Structure

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Stratefied Cuboidal Epithelium

Consist of only one single layer of cells

Cuboidal cells through out

Consists of two or more layers of cells

Upper layers made of cuboidal, lower layers columnar

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Single layer Arpical surface

Cytoplasm

Nucleas

Basal laminaConnective tissue

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Found in :

Simple Cuboidal Stratefied CuboidalLining: surface of ducts of various glands and organs

Lining : inner lining of ducts

• kidney tubules• ovarian surface epithelium• sperm-producing ducts•wall of respiratory bronchiole• bile duct

• salivary glands • pancreatic ducts.• Sweat glands.•egg-producing vesicles of ovaries • sperm-producing ducts

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Simple cuboidal : Kidney Tubules

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Stratefied Cuboidal: Sweat gland

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Simple Cuboidal: Function

• Provide a layer of protection from :1. abrasion

2. foreign particles

3. invading bacteria

4. excessive water loss to the underlying tissue

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Function and Adaptation

Organ/ Duct Function of Simple Cuboidal epithelium

kidney tubules cells aid in the absorption and transport of filtered substances.

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Kidney tubules

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Function and Adaptation

Organ/ Duct Function of Simple Cuboidal epithelium

Adaptation

respiratory bronchioles

Helps create a transitional zone where respiration can take place.

cilia in the proximal portion of the bronchiole

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Respiratory bronchioles

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Function and adaptation

Organ/ Duct Function of Simple Cuboidal epithelium

Adaptation

ovarian surface repair ovulatory defects that occur on the ovarian surface

Simple cuboidal cells are able to rapidly divide and increase

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Ovarian surface

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Stratefied Cuboidal: Function

• They protect the sweat glands, salivary glands and mammary glands.

• They aid in sweat secretion.• They help in sperm production.• They also aid in secretion of ovarian

hormones.

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Columnar Epithelia

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StructurePseudostratified Columnar

• All cells rest on the basement membrane but all cells do not reach the lumen.

• The nuclei are found at different levels.

• Only a single layer of cells. but looks multilayered.

• Has its cell nuclei positioned in a manner suggestive of stratified. 

Simple Columnar

• Uni-layered

• The height of the cells may vary.

• Cells are elongated and column shaped.

• Characteristically their nuclei are also elongated and usually located near the base of cells. and at right angles to the base.

• • The cells are longer than their

width.

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Functions

Simple Columnar Epithelium

• The main function is protection.

• For example, the epithelium in the stomach and digestive tract provides an impermeable barrier against any bacteria that could be ingested but is permeable to any necessary ions .

• Simple columnar epithelial cells can specialize to secret mucus that coats and protects the surrounding surface from damage.

• simple columnar epithelium is also specialized to provide sensory input.

• simple columnar epithelium are very good at absorbing and transporting nutrients from locations like the small intestine . 

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Pseudo stratified ciliated epithelium lines the nasal cavities, trachea, and bronchi. Its function is to protect these structures, secrete mucus by goblet cells, and move mucus by cilia.

Trap and move "pollutants" to the mouth where they are swallowed.

Secretes and propels mucus by ciliary actions.

Has an absorptive function.

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LocationSimple Columnar

• Sites where chief function is – protectionEg. ducts of glands bronchioles

• Sites where cells canboth secrete and absorb.Small intestine

• Sites where the cells are specialized to secrete - surface lining of stomachcervical canal.

• Uterine tube

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Eyes

Buccal cavityEars

Digestive tract

Reproductive organs

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Location Pseudo stratified

Columnar

• respiratory tract from nasal cavity to bronchi

• portions of male urethra.

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Simple Epithelium

Columnar cell cytoplasm

Other junctions, such as adherens or desmosomes

Nucleus

Basal surface

Apical surface

Tight junctions

Basement membrane basal surface

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Pseudo stratified Epithelium

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Adaptations

Simple columnar.

• Cilia found on the luminal surface.

• Goblet cells within columnar cells.

• Microvilli specialized for absorption.

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Adaptations

Pseudostratified columnar.

Ciliated in the respiratory system.

Has large microvilli or stereocilia onthe surface,in the male genital system.