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Objective: By the end of the presentation, 75% of
audience members will be able to illustrate how high cholesterol can be fatal.
Biology of Cholesterol Rocio Flores
Cholesterol What is cholesterol? Where is it found? What does it do to our bodies? What diseases can high cholesterol cause? HDL & LDL
What is cholesterol? “Cholesterol is a soft, fat-like, waxy
substance found in the bloodstream and in all your body's cells” (American Heart Association, 2008 para.1)
It is normal and healthy to have cholesterol but very high levels of cholesterol are dangerous.
Two types of cholesterol: ◦ High Density Lipoproteins (HDL)◦ Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL)
Where is it found? Cholesterol is naturally found in our bodies
and in the food we eat. Every cell in our bodies makes cholesterol. The cholesterol we get from food, is
absorbed into the blood stream from the stomach and circulates with our blood.
Cholesterol in the blood stream
Source: http://www.topnews.in/files/high-cholesterol.jpg
What does cholesterol do to our bodies? When too much cholesterol is in our blood
stream, it can accumulate around the lining of our arteries.
“Together with other substances, it can form plaque, a thick, hard deposit that can narrow the arteries and make them less flexible” (American Heart Association, 2009 para.2)
Diseases caused by high cholesterol Atherosclerosis: “the process of fatty
substances, cholesterol, cellular waste products, calcium and fibrin (a clotting material in the blood) building up in the inner lining of an artery. The buildup that results is called plaque.” (American Heart Association, 2008 para.1)
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ZALTTgT_SgA/RfrHRfPV2FI/AAAAAAAAAD0/iUyySqI4368/s320/LDL.jpg
Diseases Caused by High Cholesterol cont. Heart Disease: the blood carries oxygen to
our heart, atherosclerosis reduces the amount of blood flowing to our heart. If blood stops flowing to the heart because of a blockage in the arteries, a heart attack occurs. ( National Cholesterol Education Program, 2005)
Heart Attack: A heart attack results from the blockage of an artery to the heart. Can lead to death.
Diseases cont. Stroke: Atherosclerosis in arteries in or
leading to the brain can result in stroke. (American Heart Association, 2008)
http://www.smartabouthealth.net/images/stroke_guidelines_drugs.jpg
Deadly Sequence
Death
There are no symptoms of high cholesterol
Hypercholesterolemia Atherosclerosis Heart Disease Heart Attack/Stroke
High Density Lipoproteins “Good” Cholesterol High levels of HDL have been found to lower
risk of heart attack (American Heart Association, 2009)
Risk of heart disease increases when there are lower levels of HDL.
Mostly protein, and few cholesterol “Help remove cholesterol from artery
walls and transport it to the liver for elimination from the body”(Simon, 2008 para. 1)
Low Density Lipoproteins
LDL: Bad cholesterol that can build up in the arteries.
High levels of LDL can increase risk of heart disease.
Composed mainly of cholesterol and a few proteins.
“Primarily responsible for depositing cholesterol within arteries” (Simon, 2008 para. 2)
HDL & LDL
http://www.clarian.org/ADAM/doc/OrthopedicsCenter/10/000362.htm
DeKeisha Moore
Race and Cholesterol: Is there a
Connection?
"There has to be something else going on that we don't fully understand," said cardiologist Rajendra Mehta, MD, in a Duke University Medical Center press release.
Prior to reaching 50 years of age, adults of all ethnicities have similar levels of total cholesterol.
Researchers have found that, compared to whites, African Americans and Hispanics are less likely have their blood cholesterol levels checked.
Disparities
social, economic, lifestyle, or genetic factors could all play a role in explaining the observed variations in heart health between ethnicities.
Disparities cont.
•unequal access to health care• cultural differences in attitudes toward
medical treatment• Less access to healthy foods
sources• Less safe parks and recreation
centers for physical activity
• No insight on how foods eaten are unhealthy
• Genetics?
black men and women tend to have slightly lower total cholesterol levels than whites.
44.8% of black men and 42.1% of black women have high or borderline high total cholesterol levels
By comparison, 47.9% and 49.7% of white men and women have high or borderline high levels.
African American
49.9% of Mexican-American men and 50% of Mexican-American women have high or borderline high total cholesterol levels
slightly higher than those for non-Hispanic Caucasian-American men (47.9%) and women (49.7%).
39% of Mexican-American men have high LDL levels, compared to 31.7% of white men.
Hispanic
Mental Stress Physical activity/inactivity Alcohol use Weight Heredity Diet
Lifestyle
Control your Cholesterol Don’t let it controlYou
What to limit
•Limit the amount of processes
meat like hot dogs, sausages, and
bologna.
•Limit the products cooked with
butter, egg yolks and cheese.
•Avoid using saturated oils like
coconut oil or palm oil
(American Heart, 2007)
What to eat Grains (Fiber)
• Any source of oatmeal, granola or nuts can be considered a form of fiber. This will help increase the amount of HDL “good” cholesterol.
Oils (Fats)• Unsaturated fats used in
moderation like: olive oil, canola oil or soybean oil may prevent the increase of LDL “bad” cholesterol
(American Heart, 2007)
What to eat Fruits•Any form of fruit or vegetable at least 8 servings a day. Oranges and raspberries are highly recommended to increase HDL.
Meats •Skinless poultry and lean meats are recommended because these don’t have high amount of fat in them.
(American Heart, 2007)
What to eatFiber
Fiber Intake FRUIT
Raspberries 1 cup 8.0g
Pear, with skin
1 medium 5.5g
Apple, with skin
1 medium 4.4g
Fiber Intake GRAINS
Spaghetti, whole-wheat, cooked
1 cup 6.2g
Bran flakes 3/4 cup 5.3g
Brown rice, cooked 1 cup 3.5g
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health
To view more information on fiber intake visit:
Try roasting or grilling meats instead of frying.
When frying, use a paper toll to wipe of the excess grease.
Use vegetable oil cooking spray over butter or lard to sauté foods.
Serve small portions of foods that are cook with high fat. Serve bigger portions of vegetable.
Cooking Tips
(American Heart, 2007)
Food Samples
ACTIVITY
Make a pledge to your heart
Refrences American Heart Association. (2007). How can I lower high cholesterol. Retrieved from
www.americanheart.org
WebMD. (2009). Lower cholesterol to reduce heart disease risk. Retrieved from
www.webmd.com/cholesterolmanagement
WebMD, . (2009). High cholesterol. Retrieved from http://www.emedicinehealth.com/high_cholesterol/page2_em.htm
Lee-Frye, Betsy. (2009). Cholesterol and african americans--why so high?. Retrieved from
http://cholesterol.about.com/lw/Health-Medicine/conditions-and-diseases/Cholesterol-and-African-Americans-Why-So-High-.htm
Lee-Frye, Betsy. (2009). Hispanics with high cholesterol--is it a growing trend?. Retrieved from
http://cholesterol.about.com/lw/Health-Medicine/Conditions-and-diseases/Cholesterol-and-Hispanics-Why-So-High-.-16c.htm
(2009). Diversity matters photo without wording. Retrieved from
http://www.mediabistro.com/agencyspy/original/Diversity_Matters_photo_without_wording__.jpg
References