1. MILESTONES IN MEDICINE WALID MAANI THE UNIVERSITY OF JORDAN

2. Milestones In Medicine? Difficult to choose. Advances in 20th. Century equal all what happened since the creation of man

3. You may wonder what had WW 1 to do with Neurosurgery?

4. Or whats its connection with theParis Peace Conference 0n 27.5.1919?

5. Egas Moniz (1874 1955) Prof. Of Neurology , Lisbon Foreign Minister of Portugal Nobel Prize Winner 1949He was the one who invented cerebral angiography and performed the first lobotomy on psychiatric patients

6. ANGIOGRAPHY remained the mainstay of diagnostic tools formost neurosurgical problems until CT was invented, and is onlyreserved for vascular problems nowAngiography is used in addition in Cardiology Vascular Surgery Kidney Surgery Tumor Surgery

7. A simple procedure which may save livesA catheter to inject the dye A digital X-ray machine SELDINGER

8. Without angiography Many would have Many would have died following cardiac died following clotting angina of their veins Many would have Many would have died following died following kidney cerebral bleeding artery disease Many would have suffered limb amputation

9. You wonder what had The Beatles to do with Neurosurgery?

10. Or whats their connection to this Hospital?

11. Electric and Musical Industries (EMI) Ltd Company, Hayes, UK Atkinson Morleys The Beatles Hospital The money Served as the site earned by the were G. Hounsfield company from and J. Ambrose proceedings of worked to invent the the sale of the first Computerized Beatles records Axial Tomography under the music machine called EMI to label EMI, were take images of the br ai n collected

12. I nvent or s of t he C scan i n 1973 T (Fi r st cal l ed EM scan) I James Ambrose Godfrey Hounsfield

13. C put er i zed t om aphy (C om ogr T) Allowed doctors to: Helped doctors to: See inside the body for the Do minimally invasive first time procedures by guiding Follow the progress of needles inside body organs tumors inside the body Direct radiotherapy at Screen people for disease small targets in body organs

14. I bet when you visited the EgyptianMuseum, you did not think it had any connection to Neurosurgery

15. The Edwin Smith Papyrus Old Egyptians Old Egyptians Evacuated the brain Did simple surgeries on substance from the dead the skull like treatment of people in the process of wounds and fractures mummification through a and did trepanation hole in the base of the (making holes) in the skull skull to remove blood

16. And you still do not know what had the old Egyptians to do with Neurosurgery?

17. In 1906 Harvey Cushing performed the 1st.trans sphenoidal surgery for pituitary tumors The Pituitary Gland The instrument

18. Trans sphenoidal surgeryUsing thesame oldroute.Quick surgeryShort stay inhospitalVery fewcomplications

19. You never thought that there could be anyrelation between a sheep and an egg

20. Louise Brown The 1st test tube baby (born 25July 1978) Born in Oldham, UK Not a test tube baby But a Petri dish baby Patrick Steptoe and Robert Edwards were the doctors to do this. Now IVF is practiced daily.

21. Dolly the sheep (5 July 1996 14 February 2003) Ian Wilmut, Keith Campbell and colleagues at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland A cell taken from a specific part of the body could recreate a whole individual.

22. But then artificial fertilization of eggs (ova) andmanipulating cell from animals lead to IVF CLONING Fertilizing human ova in Reproducing tissues and the lab and then animals lead to the implanting them in the improvement of breeds womb solved the and preservation of problems of childless endangered species couples 1% of all pregnancies in the USA use IVF

23. Who was from South Africa and was morefamous than Mandela then? In Cape Dead and Al i veTown, SOUTH AFRICADenise Darvell died on 3.12.1967 LouisWashkanskywas dying on 3.12.1967

24. On that same night of (3.12.1967) Christian Bernardbecame the most famous surgeon in the world The Surgeon What for? He took the heart of the dead Denise and transplanted it into the dying Louis. Louis lived 18 days and cardiac transplantation was born

25. Oh..what a feelingIN 1985, THIS SURGEON JORDAN BECAME THE 6TH COUNTRY IN THE WORLD TO PERFORM HEART TRANSPLANT

26. Since then..man invented artificial hearts In 1982 the Jarvik 7 artificial heart was made

27. and implanted them inside patientsDr. William DeVries in 1982 Implanted the Jarvik 7 heart

28. Better health..more people..less resources BETTER HEALTH BETTER HEALTH Better maternal health Better supply of clean Safer deliveries water Immunization Better sewage disposal Better child health Better education

29. Regulating population growth Margaret Sanger 1952-1960 Financed research by 150.000 $ from her own money resulting in the manufacturing of the Oral Contraceptive Pill (OCP)

30. Regulating population growth Howard Tatum 1968 Worked on earlier designs of the intra uterine device (IUD) to manufacture the Copper-T (Tatum-T) device which is being used till today

31. WE COULD GO ON FOR HOURS THANK YOU