Prepare Children for Prepare Children for ChangeChange

Care for Children

Change agents as Change agents as common causes of common causes of childhood distresschildhood distress

• Divorce• Moving house• Changing schools• Illness• hospitalisation

Common causes in child Common causes in child care settingscare settings

• Changes to routines• Changes of staff• Change of room• Departure of special peer friend

Informing children of Informing children of changechange

• Children may become distressed and angry when not informed or prepared for change

• Children need time to adjust to change• Children need time to process the

information – how it will effect them, how they will feel about the change and what part they will play in it

When change is external to When change is external to the centrethe centre• It is not the caregiver’s role to inform the

child about impending external change• Care-givers can talk to parents about giving

children time to prepare for change- even if they are not sure the change will actually take place

• Handout 1

Giving children notice of Giving children notice of change within the servicechange within the service• Ensure that children are given notice of any

staff changes so that they can be prepared for it.

• Even relief staff can be prepared for by informing the children from time to time that when staff are ill, a new person takes their place

• Activity 4.10

Prepare children for Prepare children for permanent staff changespermanent staff changes• Staff changes constitute one of the most

upsetting and stressful events that effect children in child care

• Staff changes need to be prepared for as thoroughly as any other part of the program

• Handout 2

Strategies for preparing Strategies for preparing children for changechildren for change• Explain honestly to children what is to

happen (ie that you have been successful in applying for another position)

• Give children time to prepare for change• Use symbols and rituals to make

connections between the past and the present

• Build children’s confidence in the person who will replace you

Involve children in Involve children in decisions related to changedecisions related to change• UN Rights of the

Child state that children have a right to be consulted about matters that effect their lives and to express views about such matters

• Toddlers and Pre-schoolers can be involved in decisions about small changes that may effect their lives

• School age children can increasingly become involved in in large scale change eg. The courts now respect the rights of children over 12 years to choose which parent they prefer to live with

• In School age services it is important to involve school age children in decisions that directly affect their lives.

• Therefore it is good to involve these children when choosing replacement staff

Introduce unfamiliar Introduce unfamiliar peoplepeople

• Sometimes we can forget that children can feel unsettled when they don’t know who everyone is – what role different people have in their lives.

• It is hard for children to know if they can trust the newcomer if they are not introduced

• Make sure you introduce yourself to children who are unfamiliar to you and that you introduce all visitors, relief staff and guests to children as soon as they arrive.

Introductions are good Introductions are good mannersmanners

Prepare children for change Prepare children for change in the settingin the setting• Changing rooms or caregivers can be

distressing• Try to keep children with the same

caregiver as long as possible• When changes have to be made, it is

important that children do not feel abandoned by caregivers with whom they have developed relationships

ActivityActivity 4.154.15

• Re-look at activity 4.10.• Write down how you would have prevented

the stress caused to Robert and his mother if you were the caregiver concerned

• Talk to his mother about the possibility of his going to the kindy room several weeks before it happened

• Talk to Robert & explain that he might like to go to the kindy room in a few weeks

• Encourage the caregivers in the kindy room to visit Robert in his room to establish a relationship with him

• Arrange for one of the children in the kindy room to take responsibility for showing Robert around & helping him learn the kindy routines

• Encourage Robert’s Mum to visit the kindy room with him

• Linking – gradually extend the amount of time Robert spends in the kindy room

• Allow Robert to make the final decision about when he felt comfortable enough to stay in the kindy room permanently

Prepare children for Prepare children for schoolschool

• The transition from child care to school can be traumatic for children if it is not planned carefully.

• Children have to adjust to new routines and rules as well as make new relationships with staff and other children

• They may experience a deep sense of loss at leaving the centre

Activity Activity 4.164.16

• Make list of strategies you would use to help children prepare for beginning school

My Mummy saying goodbye to meMy Mummy saying goodbye to me

Prepare children for Prepare children for unforseen changeunforseen change• Sometimes events that impact on children’s

lives are often difficult for caregivers to foresee.

• Eg Separation, divorce, hospitalisation, moving house

• What we do know is that all these events are more likely to cause stress to children with little previous experience, knowledge and understanding about these events than for children who have some idea about what might happen to them in such circumstances

• These play experiences also enable children whose siblings may be in hospital to talk and work out their own feelings. These children commonly experience guilt, jealousy, rejection, isolation and fear which sometimes leads to behaviour problems.

• It is not unusual for children with a sibling in hospital to harbour hostile thoughts about the sibling and this may make them feel guilty.

• They may even believe they are the cause of their sibling’s illness. Others feel guilty because they wish their sibling dead, or because they are not able to make their sibling better, or because they themselves are healthy.

• Activity 4.17

Did you include…Did you include…

• Reading stories about children in similar circumstances

• Setting up the dramatic play area with props associated with events (hospital, wedding etc)

• Inviting children to talk about their family• Encouraging children to draw. paint about

their family and family circumstances• Inviting a mother with a new baby to the

centre• Involving children in the care of the babies

Playing doctors and nursesPlaying doctors and nurses

Settle new arrivalsSettle new arrivals• The way in which children separate from

parents provides useful information about how children are feeling & coping with group care.

• Caregivers need to take careful note of the way children separate from parents/family members

• Children who separate well, look pleased to see their caregivers, join other children in play easily, are showing signs of familiarity and trust

• Likewise at the end of the day, children who look pleased to see their parents & leave the caregiver easily at the end of the day are also showing signs of feeling secure & confident.

• Children who find separations difficult may be feeling anxious, fearful or angry

• Some experience all three emotions at the same time

• Children will need support & help to cope with their feelings as well as time to develop more secure relationships with caregivers

• Individual children will react differently to separation from their parents and family members

• Video

What would you want What would you want your child’s caregiver to your child’s caregiver to do if you were leaving do if you were leaving

your child in care for the your child in care for the first time?first time?

Did you have any of Did you have any of these?these?

• Encourage you to spend time with your child in the care setting

• Introduce you to the person who was going to take special responsibility for your child

• Show you that he/she understood your child’s likes/dislikes

• Show you that he/she would give your child lots of support and attention

• Show you that he/she would recognise when your child was hungry, tired or uncomfortable

• Encourage you to contact the service by phone throughout the day if necessary

Importance of social Importance of social referencingreferencing

• Social referencing is the mechanism through which infants learn how to respond to new or novel experiences

• When faced with new people or situations, infants look to familiar adults for cues about how they should behave

• If the familiar adult accepts the new situation or person, the child is also likely to accept it and feel relaxed.

• Parents will be more relaxed if they can observe you caring for and developing a relationship with their child.

• You would not be unusual if you felt uncomfortable interacting with the child in front of the parents for the first time

• This is quite natural, however, as well as providing reassurance to the child’s parents/family, establishing a relationship with the child while the parents are still present is important for the child’s sense of well-being.

• Handout P 210

Responding to the distress Responding to the distress of parents & childrenof parents & children

• Parents who use child care are often struggling with conflicting feelings about wanting to care for their children & needing to return to work

• Often parents feel relief that someone will help them care for their child as well as anxiety about not wanting to lose control & handing over trust to a stranger

• Many parents feel worried that the caregiver will replace them in their child’s affections

• It is very important to recognise signs of parental distress & act to reassure & minimise this distress as quickly as possible

• Signs of parental distress may include not wanting to stay with the child or not wanting to leave at all.

• Anxious parents may also become extremely distressed if their child’s personal belongings are not cared for, misplaced or used by another child

How would you reassure a parent How would you reassure a parent who was showing distress at leaving who was showing distress at leaving his/her child in your care?his/her child in your care?

Did we include these?...Did we include these?...• Explain that the role of the caregiver is to

develop secondary attachments with children that support rather than weaken the child’s primary caregiver

• Being considerate & ensuring that the child’s personal belongings are cared for appropriately

• Talking to parents& asking their advice about how to establish feeding, sleeping & toileting routines with their child

• Discussing the child’s day with parents so they feel informed about what the child had been doing while they have been away. This also reassures them that you have given their child attention & noticed them during the day.

• Showing parents that you understand the conflicts that they are experiencing

• Inviting parents to spend as much time as they want with their child in the program

On PlacementOn Placement

• While you are on placement, or in your workplace, observe caregivers settling children who are experiencing stress at separation from attachment figures.

• Look at how the caregiver provides physical comfort while actively involving the child in an activity that captures the child’s interest and provides him/her with some control over the situation

Routines & ritualsRoutines & rituals

• In addition to comforting & distracting the child, caregivers can also minimise children’s distress by establishing specific routines & rituals

• These can be used both at the beginning and at the end of the day

• It is not unusual for children to be equally distressed at both ends of the day.

RoutinesRoutines

• A routine is usually associated with the time that an event is to be carried out eg arrival at 7.30 and pick up at 4.00pm. Routines include eating, sleeping, toileting etc

• Routines provide predictability for all concerned

RitualsRituals

• Rituals refer to the way routines are carried out

• Rituals provide young children (and some adults) with a sense of order and control.

Providing security for Providing security for childrenchildren• Develop your relationship with the child

early. To help do that try the following strategies

1. Provide home/service links• Parents spend time at centre

• Send photo homeSend photo home• Display family photos at centreDisplay family photos at centre• Piece of Mum or dad’s clothingPiece of Mum or dad’s clothing• Cuddly toy or blanketCuddly toy or blanket

2. Holding & physical contact 3. The more we do it the safer the child will

feel & the more their confidence will grow

• Do not deny comfort to the child by ignoring their distress

Ways to provide physical Ways to provide physical comfortcomfort

• Sitting on the floor with children close to you• Using a sling to carry young infants• Stroking and patting infants when they are

falling asleep• Taking time for an extra cuddle and hug at

nappy change time• Sitting next to children at their level during

meals or group times• Crouching down next to a child when

speaking to them

Caregiver vulnerabilityCaregiver vulnerability

• Unfortunately caregivers are vulnerable to charges of inappropriate handling of children in their care. For this reason & to protect the your interests & the interests of children in your care, make sure you are not left on your own with children. If you are stroking or massaging an infant or toddler, make sure you are doing it in sight of other caregivers and that you have checked with the qualified staff that the child’s parents are happy for their child to be handled this way.

Providing handles for Providing handles for secondary attachmentssecondary attachments• As well as physical contact & reassurance it

is important to involve a child in a shared activity

• Handles for secondary attachments are experiences, materials or toys that attract a child’s attention & enable both child & caregiver to engage in shared activity.

• Toys which have proved effective are those which provide an element of surprise eg pop up toys, activity boards that make different sounds & Jack-in-the-box.

Separation with older Separation with older childrenchildren

• Older children can also find separation from family members stressful

• Even children who are well-established at the centre still require gentle support & understanding when their parents leave.

• For older children, you may choose an experience you know they will enjoy.

• Ask the child (& parents) what sorts of things they like to do. Plan to include these in the environment on the days you know they will be attending

• Make sure that you are free to help the child join in with the experience when they arrive.

Responding to anger on Responding to anger on arrivalarrival

• Anger at arrival time is often triggered by feelings of powerlessness& lack of control over what is happening to them

• Children may be brought to the centre when they would rather be doing other things

• It is the responsibility of the caregiver to help children who are feeling like this to regain poer & control over their lives within the child care setting.

• Handout p222

The EndThe End