21
Tools For Medical Apprentice Learners Moving Towards Mastery Donna M. D'Alessandro, M.D. University of Iowa College of Medicine / University of Iowa Children's Hospital [email protected] www.educationalinformatics.org www.slideshare.net/michaeldalessandro

Tools For Medical Apprentice Learners - Moving Towards Mastery

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

Talk given at IAMSE 2013 meeting in St. Andrews

Citation preview

Page 1: Tools For Medical Apprentice Learners - Moving Towards Mastery

Tools For Medical Apprentice Learners

Moving Towards Mastery"

Donna M. D'Alessandro, M.D."University of Iowa College of Medicine / University of Iowa Children's Hospital"

[email protected]"

www.educationalinformatics.org"www.slideshare.net/michaeldalessandro"

Page 2: Tools For Medical Apprentice Learners - Moving Towards Mastery

Disclosures"

• Nothing to disclose"

Page 3: Tools For Medical Apprentice Learners - Moving Towards Mastery

The Learning Continuum"

Data -> Information -> Knowledge - > Wisdom / Mastery"[acquired + organized] [reflected] [shared] "

Personal learning environment -> Social learning network"[focus on individual] [focus on group]"

Page 4: Tools For Medical Apprentice Learners - Moving Towards Mastery

Learning Portfolio"

•  A digital archive of your medical educational life = learning diary"•  Entries aggregate over time into a physician's

personal learning experience = knowledge management system "

•  Educational construct"•  Adult learning theory = Learning situated in

practice"•  Schon's theory of clinical problem solving /

model of reflective practice / learning cycle"

Page 5: Tools For Medical Apprentice Learners - Moving Towards Mastery

Philosophy Why Create a Learning Portfolio?"

"An unexamined life is not worth living" - Socrates"•  You create the data and information in the learning

portfolio but it is by reflecting upon it that you become knowledgeable. Reflection is personal."

•  Through the practice of sharing knowledge with others, you develop wisdom and move towards mastery"•  Share in different settings - teacher to learner, peer to

peer in small or large groups"•  Use the wisdom to affect change - for an individual

patient, groups of patients, communities, society at large"•  Reflection in action"

Page 6: Tools For Medical Apprentice Learners - Moving Towards Mastery

Educational Social Network = Community of Practice"

"Communities of practice are groups of people who share a concern, a set of problems, or a passion about a topic, and who deepen their understanding of this area by interacting on an ongoing basis." "

- Wenger E. et. al. Cultivating Communities of Practice: A Guide to Managing Knowledge"

•  Educational construct = Interdependent Learning Theory"•  Teaching each other = collaborative learning = sharing the wisdom"

•  Can be easily done by sharing learning portfolios on educational social networks"

Page 7: Tools For Medical Apprentice Learners - Moving Towards Mastery

Tools For SharingWeb 2.0 Landscape"

•  Web 2.0 = Read / Write Web"•  Weapons of Mass Collaboration"•  Blogs / Micro-blogs, photo / video-sharing, wikis, social

bookmarking, social networking"•  Self organizing systems = grassroots organization"•  Promotes micro-learning"•  Soul of Web 2.0 is sharing / connecting / iteration / openness "

- Mark Pesce"

•  Tools that support the 4 C's for 21st Century"•  Critical thinking"•  Communication"•  Collaboration"•  Creativity"

Page 8: Tools For Medical Apprentice Learners - Moving Towards Mastery

Example of My Learning PortfolioPediatricEducation.org - www.pediatriceducation.org"

•  A pediatrician's clinical experiences coupled with reflection"•  5 elements for each case"•  Evaluation shows unstructured curriculum

unfolding in practice over 5 years (234 cases)"•  Covers 100% of age ranges (n=9)"•  100% of specialties (n=42)"•  98% of symptoms (n=127)"•  55% of diseases (n=707 [50-60% are pediatric])"•  90% of topics in 3 national pediatric curricula"•  20 hours of CME / year"•  "My reading is now focused on my patients""- D'Alessandro DM, D'Alessandro MP. Formative Evaluation of a

Pediatric Digital Library's Educational Content and Comparison to National Curricular Standards. Medical Teacher. 2008;30(9-10) 880-6."

•  Learner taking control of and assuming responsibility for their own learning by tying their learning to practice + receiving CME + MOC for it"

•  Learning portfolio documents what you have learned"•  Assessment by examination documents what

you don't know"

Page 9: Tools For Medical Apprentice Learners - Moving Towards Mastery

Example of Sharing Learning Portfolios Pediatric Commons -- www.pediatriccommons.org"

•  A community of pediatric learning, teaching, sharing + collaboration"•  Goal - build a pediatric learning community

around content, conversations and connections for the purpose of improving children's health"

•  Place to come learn pediatrics every day"•  Enter cases into your learning portfolio"

•  Store your experience, reflection, knowledge, wisdom"

•  Participate in your community of practice"•  Contribute content, Engage in conversations,

Make connections"•  Enables peer-to-peer and master-to-apprentice

teaching"

Page 10: Tools For Medical Apprentice Learners - Moving Towards Mastery

Pediatric Commons Learning Portfolio - Educational Social Network"

•  For each case: Question ~ Story ~ Answer ~ Impact on Practice ~ Resources Used"•  Permissions ~ Tag Cloud (discipline, anatomy, disease, institution, level)"

Page 11: Tools For Medical Apprentice Learners - Moving Towards Mastery

Integration Into The Educational Social Workflow Web site / Blog vs. Ning Network vs. Facebook page vs. Twitter"

Members: " 1 700 3,300 " " 216 Followers"Subscribers: 200 RSS/Email "19 RSS " " 3,300 " " 216 Followers"Visitors/month: 31,000 " 600 1,800 (Reach) " " N/A"Pages/month: 41,000 1,500 Unknown " " " N/A"Cases/month: " 4 " 5 " " " 5 " " " 4"Comments/case: 0 0-1 0-1 0 Comments/Retweets"

Page 12: Tools For Medical Apprentice Learners - Moving Towards Mastery

Other Educational Social Networks"

Members: " "14,000 " "170,000 " " "130,000 " ""Subscribers: "14,000 " "N/A " " "N/A"Visitors/month: "Unknown " "Unknown " " "Unknown"Pages/month: "N/A " "Unknown " " "Unknown"Cases/month: "1 " "8 " " "30 ""Comments/case: "5-30 " "5-10 " " "5-50"

Mescape and Sermo are anonymous + have low signal to noise ratio ~ Sermo business model unsavory"

Page 13: Tools For Medical Apprentice Learners - Moving Towards Mastery

Other Educational Social Networks"

Members: " "Potentially 60,000 members of AAP, true number unknown"Subscribers: "N/A"Visitors/month: "Unknown"Pages/month: "Unknown"Cases/month: "12"Comments/case: "0"

Page 14: Tools For Medical Apprentice Learners - Moving Towards Mastery

So What? Does This Work?Educational Effectiveness of Educational Social Networks / Social Learning"

•  Types of evaluation / assessment "•  Formative vs. Summative"

•  Proposition: The house believes that social networking technologies will bring large [positive] changes to educational methods, in and out of the classroom."•  Assessment for learning (formative assessment)"

•  Learning in the classroom built around peer support, self-assessment + questioning, peer assessment -- all coupled with learning logs - with teacher as a guide = Learning in a social network"

- Ewan Mcintosh, The Economist Debate Series: Education - Social Networking, The Economist, January 2008"

"Firm evidence shows that formative assessment is an essential component of classroom work and that its development can raise standards of achievement…""

"- Paul Black and Dylan Wiliam, Inside the Black Box: Raising Standards Through Classroom Assessment, Phi Delta Kappan, November 1998"

"Teachers found that the motivation and attitudes of their students improved, and the students achieved higher scores on externally set tests and examinations"""- Paul Black et.al., Working Inside the Black Box: Assessment for Learning in the Classroom, Phi Delta Kappan Sept 2004"

…So formative assessment improves summative assessment…"

Page 15: Tools For Medical Apprentice Learners - Moving Towards Mastery

Educational Effectiveness of Educational Social Networks / Communities of Practice"

"Physicians interact with peers and mentors to frame issues, brainstorm, validate and share information, make decisions, and create management protocols, all of which contribute to learning in practice. It is likely that working together in this way creates the best environment for learning that enhances professional practice and professional judgment."""- Parboosingh JT. Physician Communities of Practice: Where Learning and Practice are Inseparable. Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions. 2002. 22, pp. 230-230"

•  Sharing among health care providers is the best environment to move towards mastery"

Page 16: Tools For Medical Apprentice Learners - Moving Towards Mastery

State of the Art in Educational Social Network Evaluation"

•  14 studies"• 11/14 studies for medical students only"• 2/14 combination of medical students + others"• Only 1/14 for practicing physicians"

"Interventions using social media tools were associated with improved knowledge (e.g. exam scores), attitudes (e.g. empathy), and skills (e.g. reflective writing).""Cheston CC, Flickinger TE, Chisolm MS. Social

Media Use in Medical Education: A Systematic Review. Acad Med 2013: 88:1-9."

Page 17: Tools For Medical Apprentice Learners - Moving Towards Mastery

Future of Educational Social Networks"•  Plethora of research opportunities using

educational social networks"• Need more about students, but have very little

for other health professionals"• Opportunities to transfer knowledge from

one field to another"• Gifted and talented (G/T) research shows peer

interaction markedly facilitates growth of G/T students"

• What would happen if G/T research was applied to health care professionals using educational social networks?"

Page 18: Tools For Medical Apprentice Learners - Moving Towards Mastery

Future of Educational Social Networks"

•  Education across the continuum"•  Document one's developmental progress of moving

from apprentice towards mastery within a profession"•  Document continuous professional development across

professional lifetime"•  Interprofessional education"

•  Health care professionals are providing more team-based care. Why shouldn't they learn in teams too?"•  Among health care professionals in initial training and in

practice to facilitate patient care"•  Among health care professionals and scientists to facilitate

research"

Page 19: Tools For Medical Apprentice Learners - Moving Towards Mastery

The Learning Continuum"

Data -> Information -> Knowledge - > Wisdom / Mastery"[acquired + organized] [reflected] [shared] "

Personal learning environment -> Social learning network"[focus on individual] [focus on group]"

Page 20: Tools For Medical Apprentice Learners - Moving Towards Mastery

Conclusion"

•  Components of future of medical education"•  Situate learning in practice"•  Document learning in practice with individual learning portfolios "•  Participate in educational social network by aggregating learning portfolios"•  Interface via mobile phone"•  Sum total is your personal learning environment + social learning network"

•  Goal is to create an environment which allows"•  Personal learning + reflection "•  Master-to apprentice and Peer-to peer teaching"•  Conversations about art and science of medicine"

•  This is how to create and preserve a lifelong passion for medicine"•  This is how to create medical learning machines who strive for and achieve

excellence in practice and pursue mastery of medicine over a lifetime"

Page 21: Tools For Medical Apprentice Learners - Moving Towards Mastery

For An In-Depth Discussion…"•  Workshop Monday at 5:00 pm at Location"

•  Learning Portfolios and Educational Social Networks - Tools For Medical Apprentice Learners"

•  Questions"•  1. Learning portfolios "

•  What should they contain and what is the best way to implement them? "•  2. Educational social networks "

•  Which tools are the most powerful and most useful for creating them and should you create dedicated educational social networks or use pre-existing ones? "

•  3. Your data and information "•  How do you maintain control of it, keep it secure, keep it backed up, ensure its

interoperability, and migrate it to future hardware and software platforms? "•  4. Professionalism "

•  How do learners respect confidentiality and utilize educational social networks in a professional manner?"

•  This talk available at"•  http://www.slideshare.net/michaeldalessandro"