ASSESSING HEALTH AND HEALTH

BEHAVIORS

MELBA GRACE DONIO, RN

NURSING FRAMEWORK FOR HEALTH ASSESSMENT▪ NURSING ASSESSMENT is a systematic collection of data about client health status,

beliefs, and behaviors relevant to developing a health promotion prevention plan.

DESIRED OUTCOMES ARE TO DETERMINE ;

a. Health assets

b. Health problems

c. Health-related lifestyle strengths

d. Key health related beliefs

e. Health behaviors that put client at risk and

f. How desired changes would improve quality of life.

▪ NURSING DIAGNOSIS is the identification of areas that may be enhanced to maximize health status.

▪ It serves as a guiding methodology to care planning that is standardized to improve communication between nurses and other members of the interdisciplinary healthcare team. By avoiding unstandardized language, it prevents assumptions from being made, thereby increasing accuracy in practice.

TAXONOMIES▪ NORTH AMERICAN NURSING DIAGNOSIS ASSOCIATION (NANDA) 1982 – provides

nursing diagnosis taxonomy structured around the nine human response patterns of exchanging, communicating, relating, valuing, choosing, moving, perceiving, knowing and feeling.

In 2002, NANDA became NANDA International (NANDA-I) to reflect increasing worldwide interest in the field of nursing diagnosis terminology. In 2012, became NANDA International, Inc.

NANDA International has approved more than 200 nursing diagnoses for clinical use, testing, and refinement.

▪ Dr. Marjory Gordon grouped NANDA diagnoses under 11 functional health patterns.

▪ As assessment proceeds diagnostic hypotheses are generated to direct targeted or more detailed data collection.

▪ OMAHA VISITING NURSE SYSTEM- in corporates the needs of individuals and families in categories of environment , psychosocial, physiological health behaviorneeds. Nurse researchers have shown its usefulness in quantifying nursing practice in home care, nursing centers, school health programs.

Omaha System does not apply to health behaviour needs of group and is limited use in assessing communities, but is useful for target population.

▪ NURSING INTERVENTIONS CLASSIFICATION – is relevant for community health because nursing service is categorized and linked to direct reimbursement. However, NIC does not have categorized for the health behaviour of communities.

ASSESSMENT OF INDIVIDUAL CLIENTa. A. PHYSICAL FITNESS

b. B. NUTRITION

c. C. LIFE STRESS

d. D. SPIRITUAL HEALTH

e. E. SOCIAL SUPPORT SYSTEM

f. F. LIFESTYLE

A. PHYSICAL FITNESS - A measure of the body’s ability to function efficiently and effectively in work and leisure activities, resist hypokinetic diseases (diseases from sedentary lifestyles), and to meet emergency situations.

SKILL-RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS is defined by qualities that contribute to successful athletic performance: agility, speed, power and reaction time.

HEALTH-RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS includes qualities found to contribute to one’s general health, including cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular endurance, body composition and flexibility.

COMPONENTS:

▪ Cardio-respiratory Endurance

▪ Muscular Endurance

▪ Body Composition

▪ Flexibility

B. NUTRITIONAL STATUS is the current body status of a person or population related to their state of nourishment (the consumption and utilization of nutrients).

The direct methods deal with the individual and measure objective criteria, while indirect methods use community health indices that reflects nutritional influences.

Indirect Methods of Nutritional Assessment

1. Ecological variables including crop production

2. Economic factors e.g. per capita income, population density & social habits

3. Vital health statistics particularly infant & under 5 mortality & fertility index

Direct Methods of Nutritional Assessment

These are summarized as ABCD;

Anthropometric methods

Biochemical, laboratory methods

Clinical methods

Dietary evaluation methods

C. LIFE STRESS- Events or

experiences that produce severe strain.

STRESS SCALES

▪ DEROGATIS STRESS PROFILE (DSP) is used to assess personal and professional stress in adolescents and adult. The instrument is design to screen one’s response related to time pressure, driven behavior, attitude and relocation, work environment, family relationships, hostility, anxiety, depression and health.

PERCEIVED STRESS SCALE(PSS)- measures mood and feelings about life stressors and considered a measure of global stress. The 10 item scale is very easy to administer and score.

HASSLES AND UPLIFTS

Hassles are defined as the irritating,

frustrating, distressing demands and

arguments that may characterize

everyday life.

Uplifts are defined as the positive

experiences of joy of life.

Anxiety Inventory

State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults (STAI-AD) is the definitive instrument for measuring anxiety in adults. It clearly differentiates between the temporary condition of “state anxiety” and the more general and long-standing quality of “trait anxiety”. It helps professionals distinguish between a client’s feelings of anxiety and depression. The inventory’s simplicity makes it ideal for evaluating individuals with lower educational backgrounds.

State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAI-CH) is the definitive instrument for measuring anxiety in children. Based on the same theory as the STAI, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAI-CH) distinguishes between a general proneness to anxious behavior rooted in the personality and anxiety as a fleeting emotional state. The instrument is designed to be used with upper elementary or junior high school aged children and consists of two twenty-item scales. The measure is easy to read and can be administered verbally to younger children.

▪ s strss

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STRESS WARNING SIGNALS

Check yourself out on the items that follow. Rate each item as it applies to you,

giving yourself a:

1 = seldom or never 2 = sometimes 3 = frequently

COPING MEASURES

Coping is defined ad an individual’s ongoing efforts to manage specific internal and external demands that are appraised as exceeding personal resources.

Coping is also a process that changes over time in relation to changes stressful events in one’s life.

The Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ): The Standard in the Field- Likert-type measure consist of 8 subscales that measure both emotion-focused and problem-focused coping strategies an individual uses when responding to a stress situation.

The Schoolager’s Coping Strategies Inventory is used to measure the type of frequency and effectiveness of children of Stress coping strategies.