Barrier free architectural design

Dr. Y. P. Gupta, Consultant, Allahabad

Design and construction of disable friendly buildings

(barrier free building)

Dr. Y. P. Gupta, Technical Adviser, Naini Bridge Information Centre,

&

Chairman, Yash Krishi, Takniki Evam Vigyan Kendra, Allahabad, UP , India

Email: [email protected], [email protected]

Ppt prepared for awareness program of trishla foundation More info on cerebral palsy :www.trishlafoundation.com

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

• one billion persoOomic and attitudinal barriers that exclude participation as equal members of socie

Over one billion people with disability face physical, social, economic and attitudinal barriers that exclude them to participate as equal to other members of society.

People with disabilities lack equal access to basic resources, such as education, employment, healthcare, social and legal support systems.

Disability in poor countries has remained invisible in the mainstream development agenda.

Besides lack of awareness, understanding of accessibility and accommodations remain an obstacle to the achievement of progress.


Introduction

In physical terms, the problems of disabled children are much the same the world over. But while problems may coincide, the ways by which they ought to be resolved may differ.

Appropriate solutions are governed by the way that services are organized, along with social, economic and cultural influences.

For architects, there may be some circumstances where similar

design solutions will be proper and others where they will not be.

The houses, schools and other public places need to be designed to cater for children in wheel chairs & walking aid.


Introduction (contd)

• Design for disability includes:• Mobility• Vision• Hearing• Speech• Cognitive

• Within the public and private sectors

Barrier Free Design:Who are the Recipients?

1. Layout of the home should be clear

2. Oblique walls should be avoided as they give a wrong direction impression

3. Big areas should preferably have a clear conceptual layout, like a rectangular or square area

4. Pillars, etc. should not be of same color as background

5. Living room, toilet/shower, and bed-space should be on ground floor in 2 story buildings or more.


Layout of the house: Barrier Free Residential Facilities

6. Bedroom should preferably be next to a bathroom.

7. When there are indented areas, the straight, imagined continuation of the wall should be free for walking.

8. Walking can be supported by clear contrast of the floor material to the surrounding walls

Barrier Free Design: Residential Facilities(contd.)

A Simple Home Layout

An adaptable home is one which is built or renovated to allow low cost and easy adaptation to the changing needs of the residents.

For disabled people and elderly, this means that devices assisting the activities of daily living can easily be installed.

A prerequisite in order to achieve the benefits of a smart home is a barrier-free physical environment that supports the residents.

Barrier Free Design:Residential Facilities


Compact House View Made for Disabled Children

Building must be adjacent to street Car park must be level or ramped in compliance with codes Principal entrances to the building must be accessible to chair-

bound children. A loading bay should be provided for children going to the

school by special buses The platform should be at approximately 0.620 m above

ground level Access to and from the building may be under cover. Internal Planning of house should accommodate wheel chair

bound Children

Approach requirement of Buildings

At least one entrance door being served by an approach must have a clear opening width of not less than 0.750m

Where revolving doors or turnstiles are installed an auxiliary side hung door or gate must be provided giving clear opening width not less than 0.760 as shown.

Threshold must not be raised more than 0.015m above the level of floor to either side of door


Entrance Door To Building

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Entrances and Exits •Door openings Minimum doorway clearance opening

•Maximum doorway width

•Dimensions are in inches.


Turning on both sides of passage for wheel cart

Door ironmongery should be simple for handicapped children to handle;

Doors should be protected from damage by wheelchairs

on trailing faces.

Some windows should have sills at or near floor level, allowing children lying or sitting on the floor to see outside.


Doors and Windows

Doors can be of the sliding or swinging type. In general sliding doors are preferable to swinging doors .

Automatic doors are useful when traffic is heavy.

Automatic doors should have an adequate opening interval.

Guard rails can be installed near double- swinging doors to indicate a door opening area and to prevent people from being hit by the door.

Revolving doors: - Revolving doors are not suitable for the use of disabled people or people with prams.

Suitability of Doors

Wherever there are revolving doors, an adjacent accessible swinging or sliding door should be provided .

Auxiliary gates should be provided next turnstiles.

Pivoted doors: - Pivoted doors should swing away from the direction of travel wherever possible.

Sliding and folding doors: - Manual sliding and folding doors are recommended for narrow spaces not heavily used by the public .

Suitability of Doors(contd.)

For exterior doors, the minimum opening is 0.90 m when the door is open.For interior doors, the minimum opening is 0.80 m when the door is open.The minimum door opening can be 0.75 m if the access is straight or if the door can stay open by itself.The minimum door width of rest rooms should be 0.75 m.For doors installed in an opening more than 0.60 m in depth, the clear door opening should be at least 0.90 m.For double-leaf doors, at least one leaf should have a minimum clear width of 0.80 m.

Door opening

32" minimum clear width½" maximum threshold height48" plus width of door swinging into space clear width for two doors in a series48" maximum height for door handles, pulls, latches, locks, and other operating devices - operable with closed fist3 seconds minimum sweep (closing) period5 lbs maximum opening force for interior hinged, sliding, or folding doors8.5 lbs maximum opening force for exterior doors

Door opening (contd.)

Operational devices on doors, such as handles, pulls, latches and locks, should be easy to grasp with one hand.

Handles: - Lever-type handles, push plates or pull handles arerecommended for swinging doors because they are easy to open.

Door handles should be located at a comfortable height between0.90 m and 1.00 m from the floor surface.

Locks: Locks on entrance doors should be mounted at a comfortable height between 0.90 m and 1.00 m from the floor.

Extra pull handle: To facilitate closing, a door fitted with springclosers should be equipped with an extra pull handle approximately0.30 m in length, located between 0.20 m and 0.30 m from the hinged side of the door and mounted between 0.90 m and 1.20 m from the floor.

Door Handles and hardware

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Entrances and Exits

Both of these handles are accessible because they can be operated without tightly grasping, pinching or twisting

Outward swinging doors and doors in public corridors should have low windows to enable users to see oncoming traffic.

The bottom edge of the window should not be higher than 1.00 m from the finished floor level.

Completely glazed doors should be avoided in buildings frequented by people with visual impairments.

Glazed doors should be clearly marked with a coloured band or mark placed for the benefit of all users at a height between 1.40 m and 1.60 m.

Glazing and glazed doors

(if the Child can climb the stairs)

• 275mm/11" minimum wide treads, uniform riser heights and tread widths

• 35mm / 1½" maximum nosing projection, undersides to be sloped with a minimum angle of 60° from the horizontal

• Complying handrails on both sides

• 300/12" mm horizontal projection of handrail at top; handrail to continue to slope width of one tread plus have 300mm/12" horizontal extension at bottom

• A riser height difference of only 3mm/⅛” is enough to cause someone to trip


Design for Disability Residential Facilities - Staircases

Platform at head of ramp: Where the gradient of the ramp exceeds 1:12

platform having a width and depth of not less than 1-200 must be provided at the head of the ramp

Foot of ramp: At the foot of any ramp whose gradient exceeds 1:12

the surface should be leveled for a distance of not less than 1.800m

Kerbs: A kerb not less than 0-050 high must be provided to any exposed side of a ramp

or platform. This is required to prevent wheelchair cast or wheels dropping over the edge.

Handrails: A handrail at approx 1-000 above ramp level should be provided to

any exposed side of a ramp.Dr. Y. P. Gupta, Consultant, Allahabad

Dimensions of Entry Facilities

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Barrier Free Design Residential Facilities -

BathroomGrab bars make maneuvering easier for the individual in a wheelchair

Towel bars will not support the weight of a person so use grab bars as an alternative

Sinks with an opening underneathBathroom mirrors and medicine cabinets should be installed

for a seated userAdjustable-height shower head is adjusted to suit different

usersSingle lever faucet handles are universal for all individuals In-tub showers are inaccessible to wheelchair users. Provide

a tub transfer seat and properly located grab barsStall shower allows wheelchair users easy access

• Clear floor space varies by configuration

• It should be 17" - 19" high to top of toilet seat.

• Grab bars required : 36" rear grab bar, 42" side grab bar

• Flush controls must be at a maximum 44", mounted on the wide side of toilet areas


Barrier Free Design Residential Facilities :Toilets

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Barrier Free Design Residential Facilities - Toilets

Elevated toilet• 3 to 4” higher than standard

heights

• Elongated front makes it easier to transfer from a wheelchair

• Adjustable bars make for easy maneuverability

Hand rinse basin

A hand rinse basin must be provided inside the WC compartment, located where it can be reached by a person seated on the WC

The basin rim should be at approx 0-750mm above floor level

A single mixer valve with lever handle is suggested, located on the side nearer the WC


Water Closet (WC) compartments: Accessories


Location of Independent mirror and WC

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Barrier Free Design Residential Facilities:

Faucets (tap)• Infrared faucet incorporates state-

of-the-art microelectronic technology

• No need to touch any part of the infrared faucet

• Water flow is provided when hand movement is detected by infrared sensor under spout

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Barrier Free Design Residential Facilities:

Showers• Easy way to help

minimize the difficulty of transfers

• Slight decline of the shower's floor assists the water to drain properly

Horizontal Rails: A hinged support rail should be installed to the exposed tide

of the WC Horizontal rails should be fixed at a level approx 0.220

Meter above the WC seat

Vertical rails: A vertical rail should be fixed approx 0.300 Mt in front of

the WC and approx 0.280 to 0.330 Mt from the centre line of the WC

A second vertical rail should be fixed on the rear wall at a point approx 0.400 Mt from the centre line of the WC


WC compartment: support rails


General Bathroom Arrangement


A typical Complete Composite Bathroom arrangement


Lowered paper towel dispensers and mirrors

Motion sensitive light switches

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Barrier Free Design Residential Facilities -

Kitchen• Raised dishwasher to provide toe space for wheelchairs, less bending during loading, as well as a raised counter top for working while standing.

• Pullout cabinets under sinks and cook tops• Drawers for storing bulk items• Tambour cabinets for lowered storage and easy access

to items• Full height pantry units with lazy suspans and door

storage• Lowered upper cabinets with glass fronts• Open storage racks for often used items• Larger toe-kick for wheelchair access

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Barrier Free Design Residential Facilities :Pull-

out drawers Pull-out drawer shelves equipped with full extension ball bearing hardware

Accommodates different sizes of canned and packaged goods, cooking utensils, glassware, etc.

Can be used efficiently and comfortably and with minimum fatigue, due to full-extension ball-bearing hardware

Space is provided for approach, reach, manipulation, and use regardless of the user's body size, posture, or mobility

Light switches should be aligned with door handles, in positions where they can be reached by children in wheelchair.

The door or the door frame can be painted in a color that contrasts with the adjoining wall to facilitate its identification by children with visual impairments


Light Switches and Colour of Doors

The Elevators Must operate automaticallyMust have self-leveling featureHall call buttons have a specific heightLanterns have visual and audio signalsDoor reopening deviceSpecific chimes for hall and car callsSpecific floor areaInterior control dimensionsEmergency communications


Elevators for home with more than one floor

Wall finishes should be washable. The use of exposed brickwork should be avoided as it can cause injury to the hands of children with problems of co-ordination

Compared with normal children, handicapped children may spend more of their time

at or near floor level.

Therefore: Floor finishes must not be very smooth like smooth marble

Floor finishes should be comfortable to walk, play on, easily cleaned and pleasant to touch.

Handrails should be fixed to walls only along main circulation routes; they ought not to be fixed indiscriminately

Some protection may be needed to wall surfaces in particular locations but the general provision of buffer rails is not recommended.*


Wall and Floor Finishes

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Design for Disability Residential Facilities:

Handrails• Ramps with a rise greater than 150mm/6" or a horizontal projection greater than 1.800m/72" must have handrails on both sides

• 300mm/ 12" extension parallel to ground top and bottom

• 25 – 30 mm/1¼" - 1½" diameter of gripping surface should be there.

• 40 mm /1½" clear space between rail and wall is required

• Top of gripping surfaces mounted 900mm /34" - 38" above ramp

• Ends of rails rounded or returned smoothly to floor, wall, or post.

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Barrier Free Design Residential Facilities :Grab

Bars/Handrails• Helps assist you getting in and out of the tub or shower

• • Reduces risk of falls

• Falls are the most common household accident

• Some common handrails are shown

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Public Facilities When designing a new public facility, there are several areas in and around the facility to apply design for disabilities. The following are some examples:

– Parking Lots– Entrances and Exits– Travel Routes– Public Restrooms– Restaurants– Emergency Notifications

Accessible doors should be so designed as to permit operation by one person in a single motion with little effort.

Power-operated doors are the best for children with disabilities

The activator system should be automatic or placed within easy reach

An accessible door should have the following features: a sign, a door handle, an extra pull handle, glazing and a kick plate.

Rooms designated for wheelchair children should, where possible, be placed at ground level so as to have a direct means of escape in case of fire


Accessible Area


Types Of Ramps


Ramp For Easy Entry Into A Bus


Types of Ramps with handles/railings

In addition ramps it should have kerb so as to avoid accidents because of slipping


Turning on both sides of passage for wheel cart

For parking facilities of less than 50 cars, at least one accessible parking space should be provided in every parking facility.

For outdoor parking, accessible parking spaces should be located not more than 50 m from accessible building entrances.

Parking of Cars

Parking Places: For indoor parking, accessible parking spaces should be

located right next to accessible elevators, or as close as possible to exits.

The ends of rows are preferable for vans with lifts for wheelchair users.

Dimensions: The minimum width of an accessible parking space is 3.60 m.

The recommended width is 3.90 m as shown. An access aisle 1.20 m wide can be located between two

ordinary parking spaces. For indoor parking, the minimum height clearance for vans

with hydraulic lifts is 2.40 m.

Car Parking

Views of Straight or angle parking with wheel Chair

Space

• Passageways serving accessible areas must not be less than 1-200 wide, preferred minimum 1-600

• Where lobbies are incorporated between doors, there must be space for wheelchair maneuvers

Circulation areas

• Vertical circulation between floors must be by means of a

lift. At entrance level the floor of the lift must be at the same level as the entrance door

• The clear space in front of the lift doors must be not less than 600 upto 1600 mm

Lifts


Providing a gate adjacent to a turnstile makes entranceway more accessible to chair bound Children.


Entrances and Exits


Adaptive curriculum in gym lets them ride bike instead of run

Lowered computer access – closer to the ground

Accessible Area

Curb ramps are used wherever there is a difference in level on pedestrian paths or cross paths.

To avoid confusing sightless pedestrians, curb ramps should be positioned out of the usual line ofpedestrian flow. The unobstructed width of the pathway should be not less than 0.90 m .

Curb ramps should be located away from places where water accumulates.

Standard curb ramps: Cut back into the pavement with flared sides providing

Design Considerations For Pedestrian Paths

In public buildings, the function or room number, incorporating international symbols should beidentified at eye level, i.e. between 1.40 m and 1.60 m.

Room numbers should be placed on door frames and not on doors themselves so that the room number is visible even when the door is open.

Colour: The door or the door frame can be painted in a colour that

contrasts with the adjoining wall to facilitate its identification by people with visual impairments.

Signage and Colour

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Travel Routes•Objects that protrude into the hallways must be avoided. •Sketch below shows a blind person identifying objects in a hallway.

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Automotive Mobility - Lifts• Platform Lift - requires either two side doors, or one sliding

door on a van and is stored either on the side, the rear or under the floor of the van.

• Rotary (Swing) Lift - beneficial because of the parking conveniences, due to less room needed to enter and to exit the van. This device swings into the van, and the lift platform sits on the floor in the middle of the van.

• Trunk Lift - puts the scooter into the trunk, provided the scooter measures less than the trunk.

• Under-the-Floor Lift - only pump and motor are located inside.

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Automotive MobilityDoor Openers:• Chain Door Opener - slide door that travels in a track located at the top of the

van.• Pivot Arm and Push/Pull Gear Door Opener - used to open

double-outdoors outward.

Parking Brake Extensions:• Electric Parking Brake - motorized and can be set and released by a switch

located within easy reach of the driver. This is ideal for those with limited foot and leg strength. The use of electric parking brakes have been used for customers without disabilities as a upgrade to the manual parking brake and also for weight reduction..

• Manual Parking Brake - for those with limited foot and leg strength. It is a handle attached to the parking brake and is long enough to operate by hand.

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Social and Emotional Considerations

An assistive device may make a person stand out more than a conventional device, causing the user to:-Look Different-Become Embarrassed-Become Self Conscious-Do that particular activity less

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Social and Emotional Considerations

Although a device may improve an activity for someone, if it leads to the person doing the activity less it may be leading to more harm than good.

In this way if we provide some of these basic aids in the homes for our disabled children who are our very own but not so fortunate children, at least we can try

make their lives more independent, emotionally stronger, little more enjoyable & develop more confidence in themselves & build up more confidence


Try to bring smile on faces of our special little friends

www.trishlafoundation.com

http://www.trishlafoundation.com/

http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/enable/designm/

http://cpwd.gov.in/Publication/aged&disabled.PDF

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0386111214600030

http://www.kpwd.gov.in/pdf/guidelines_space_standards_for_barrier_free_built_envirm.pdf

Few important web link ---------













“Yash Krishi Takniki Ewam Vigyan Kendra,

Allahabad”

Joins hands with

“Trishla foundation”

Trust for children with cerebral palsy & orthopedic disability

www.trishlafoundation.com

in their Efforts for humanitarian Values

http://www.trishlafoundation.com/


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Barrier free architectural design