5666 5670.output

* GB786074 (A)

Description: GB786074 (A) ? 1957-11-13

Improvements in heat exchangers of the tubular type

Description of GB786074 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION

Inventors: GUSTAV CONRAD E'GENWALL and OSCAR PERSSON 786,074 Date of

Application and filing Complete Specification: Dec 29, 1954,

In e X 9 No37544/54.

Complete Specification Published: Nov 13, 1957.

Index at acceptance;-Classes 64 ( 3), 510; and 83 ( 2), A 158.

International Classification:-B 23 p F 25 h.

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION

Improvements in Heat Exchangers of the Tubular Type We, AKTIEBOLAGET

ROSENBLADS PATENTER a Swedish Company of Kommendbrsgatan 16,

Stockholm, Sweden, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray

that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to

be performed, to be particularly described, in and by the following

statement: -

This invention relates to indirect heat exchangers having heat

transferring tubes extending in spaced parallel relation to each other

and assembled in the form of a bundle.

It is common practice to maintain the tubes of such heat exchangers in

their assembled state by means of locating end plate or header having

holes for the tubes but otherwise being solid in structure, and

unidirectional tube ends being fitted into the holes and rigidly

secured to said plate As a rule the rigid connection is effected, by

welding the tube ends to the end plate, or by rolling the tube ends

into the holes in said plate The application of the rolling method is

limited to those cases where the tubes are comparatively thick-walled

and thus rigid after the rolling operation, and where they are

relatively widely spaced apart whereby the material of the end plate,

even in its narrowest portions in the areas between the holes will

offer sufficient resistance to the rolling pressure The welding method

offers greater flexibility in these respects, but in the case of

thin-walled tubes, difficulties, in many cases insurmountable, are

encountered in welding the thin tube wall into the substantially

thicker, solid end, plate without the danger of burning through the

tube wall Hence, the system employing a solid tube end wall is not

suitable for thin-walled tubes.

In such cases attempts have been made to avoid the difficulties, inter

alia, by welding the tubes to each other directly along the narrow

outer edges of portions corbelled out or expanded from the tube ends

In this manner the welding may take place throughout between portions

of mutually equal thickness of the material, whereby the danger of

burning through the material of the tube is lPrice 3 s 6 d l excluded

However the forceful interconnecting bridge element constituted 'by

the end plate in the system referred to above is entirely lacking, so

that the last-mentioned system is unsuitable for heat exchangers of

the kind stated which, in operation, are liable to 'be subjected to

high external pressures.

The present invention has for its object to provide a construction

which enables thinwalled tubes to be welded together in closely spaced

relation to each other while satisfying high demands in respect of

non-defective welding as well as mechanical strength of the resulting

joints.

With this object in view the invention is mainly characterised by the

fact that a plurality of tube sleeves of circular cross-section and

corresponding in number to the number of tubes in the bundle and'

preferably having a wall-thickness equal to that of the tube ends and

also an internal diameter substantially equal to the external diameter

of the tube ends, are disposed in peripheral juxtaposition and in

side-by-side relation and interconnected in this condition by welds

between the contacting peripheral surface portions of the respective

sleeves in such a manner that the assembled sleeves form in common a

perforate plate, the spaces between the sleeves being bridged at least

at one of the lateral faces of said perforate plate by welding

material further interconnecting the sleeves'; and the tube ends

projecting into their respective sleeves and being welded to said;

respective sleeves around their end edges.

The invention' will now be described more in detail with reference to

the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a plan view of a perforated assembly plate according to

this invention, the plate being shown partly equipped with tubes, and

with different portions of the plate illustrated in different stages

of production'.

Figures 2 to' 4 are longitudinal section illustrating individual

stages in the production of the assembly of Figure 1.

G , Figure 5 illustrates one stage of production according to one

particular method of making the assembly of Figure 1.

Figure 6 is a longitudinal section through a heat exchanger having

tubes interconnected according to the invention.

Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the device according to Figure 6

and taken along the line VII VII in this figure.

Figures 8 and 9, in plan and side views, respectively, illustrate an

assembly of sleeves welded together in accordance with a modified

method of the present invention.

In the various figures similar parts have been allotted like reference

numerals.

Referring now to Figures 1 to 4 of the drawings, the tube sleeves 1

are interconnected to form a perforate plate 3 by means of spot welds

2 produced, by an electric resistance welding process interposed

between the contacting portions of the peripheral surfaces of adjacent

sleeves and also by means of welds 5 which at both lateral faces of

the perforate plate bridge the interspaces between the tube sleeves

This combination of welds renders the perforate plate approximately as

stiff and resistant to bending stresses as an equally thick, solid

plate with drilled perforations or bores.

furthermore the welds 5 do not extend to any great depth

longitudinally between the tube sleeves 1, and are arranged so as to

seal and fill out the interspaces between the sleeves.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, this

sealing weld is facilitated by introducing into the gaps between the

tube sleeves filler bodies in the form of short pieces 'of wire 4

preferably of circular crosssection The tubes 6 are introduced, into

the tube sleeves and welded thereto by means of circular end welds 7

The major portions of the mass of material of the perforate plate will

thus be constituted by the tube sleeves 1 each of which will not be in

good heat conducting contact with the surrounding material.

Since, in addition, the tube sleeves have substantially the same wall

thickness as that of the tube ends it will be possible to make the

welds 7 without any danger of the tube ends getting overheated and

burnt through in this operation It would be apparent from this fact

that in this manner thin-walled tubes can be readily resistance welded

extremely close together into a perforate plate of excellent rigidity

and strength whereby the object of the invention is attained.

According to the Figures 8 and 9, it is possible to replace the spot

welds 2 'by fillet welds 2 a, but this embodiment is less suitable in

the case of very thin-walled tube sleeves since, due to the thermal

stresses produced by this type of welds, the perforate plate would,

tend to warp to an extent such as not to be adjustable readily in such

a manner as to cause the tubes to be parallel to each other, and the

tube sleeves would get deformed from their true circular shape

necessitating a succeeding recalibration in order to make the tubes

fit into the same.

The heat exchanger illustrated in Figures 6 and 7 comprises a bundle

of tubes 6 inter 70 connected in accordance with the present invention

at both ends In this case, the perforate plate constituted by the tube

sleeves 1 is formed into a tube end plate by being provided about its

periphery, with material form 75 ing a casing 10 which surrounds the

bundle of tubes, said bridging material in this case consisting of a

flange 16 together with welding material Thus, around the bundle of

tubes, there is formed in conventional manner, 80 a chamber 11 through

which one of the heat exchanging fluids can be caused to pass through

the tube interspaces from an inlet 12 to an outlet 13, the other heat

exchanging fluid being conducted in counter-flow relative to the first

85 mentioned one from an inlet 14, through the tubes to an outlet 15.

It will be readily seen that the arrangement according to the

invention provides for an extremely compact construction of the heat

90 exchanger, and that the cross-sectional area externally of the

tubes can be devised to be unusually small enabling a high rate of

flow to the benefit of a good heat transfer.

Preferably the arrangement according to the 95 invention is realised

in such a manner, for instance, that the tube sleeves 1 are first

united by being spot welded to form the perforate plate 3 which is

subjected to a flattening operation, if necessary, for example, if the

previous i OC welding operation has resulted in a warping of the plate

The filler bodies 4 are then introduced into the gaps between the tube

sleeves, after which the latter are united still further by the welds

5 which completely close and seal off lo 1 these gaps together with

the filler bodies, preferably at both lateral faces of the perforate

plate Finally, the tubes 6 are introduced into the tube sleeves and

united with these sleeves by the end welds 7 11 ( Particularly when

producing large perforate plates it is suitable first to weld together

a number of sleeves into groups, suitably in a fixture 8, so as to

form a plurality of similar plate elements 3 a which are then

assembled in 11 l to a larger plate and spot welded together at the

contacting peripheral surfaces of the external sleeves of the

respective plate elements In this manner the plate 3, for example, may

be assembled from four plate elements 3 a, the 12 ( uppermost three

banks of sleeves of Figure 1 consisting of two such plate elements 3 a

facing the same direction as in Figure 5, and the lower three banks of

sleeves consisting of another two such elements facing the opposite 12

' direction.

Figure 2 illustrates how spot welds may be performed by means of a

nipper tool the electrodes 9 of which are indicated in the figure

Using this tool, the welding operation 13 786,074 produced by means of

an electric resistance welding process 3 A method of producing a heat

exchanger of the tubular type having a number of heat transferring

tubes of circular cross-section and extending in spaced parallel

relation to each other and assembled at their unidirectional ends,

respectively, in the form of a bundle, comprising the steps of welding

together a plurality of tubular sleeves in surface-to-surface contact

at their peripheries 'by spot welds produced in said peripheral

surfaces by an electric resistance welding process so as to cause said

tubular sleeves to form together a perforate plate, subjecting said

plate to a flattening operation after said, welding process if

necessary, further welding together said tubular sleeves of the

perforate plate by welds closing the gaps between said sleeves,

preferably at both lateral faces of the perforate plate, and

introducing the tubes into the respective tubular sleeves and end

welding the tubes to said sleeves.

4 A method according to claim 3, wherein the gaps between the tubular

sleeves of the perforate plate are dosed by welding material together

with filler bodies introduced into said gaps, such as lengths of wire

of circular or any suitable cross-sectional shape.

A method according to claim 3, wherein the perforate plate is built up

by spot welding groups of tubular sleeves together in peripheral

surface-to-surface contact by means of an electric resistance welding

process, preferably in a fixture, said sleeve groups then being

assembled with the peripheral surfaces of the outermost tubular

sleeves of contiguous groups contacting the peripheral surfaces of

such tubular sleeves of an adjacent group, adjacent groups being

welded together by spot welding in the contact surfaces between the

respective groups, and subjecting the perforate plate thus assembled

to a levelling operation, if necessary.

6 A heat exchanger of the tubular type constructed substantially as

herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

A A THORNTON &,CO, Chartered Patent Agents, Napier House, 24-2,7 High

Holborn, London, W l C l, For the Appicants.

should preferably be carried out first from one and subsequently from

the other end of the sleeve assembly.

It is understood that the arrangements deS scribed in the foregoing

with reference to the accompanying drawings may be modified without

departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended

claims For example, the spot welds could be modified in to number The

building-up welding of the sleeve gaps could, wholly or partly, be

restricted to one laterial face 'of the perforate plate, preferably to

its face remote from the tubes, and the welding could 'be accomplished

by means of welding material exclusively, thus omitting the filler

bodies In addition, the perforate plate can be of various sizes and'

peripheral contours The filler bodies 4 could have suitable

cross-sectional shapes other than that of a circle, as desired.

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* GB786075 (A)

Description: GB786075 (A) ? 1957-11-13

Improvements in or relating to method of and composition for cleaning boiler

tubes



Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Jan 6, 1955.

786,075 No 397155.

Application made in United States of America on Sept 7, 1954.


Index at acceptance:-Class 82 ( 2), E 8, V( 2 Z 3:3 D:4 W).

International Classification:-C 23 c, g.


Improvements in or relating to Method of and Composition for Cleaning

Boiler Tubes I, JOSEPH DANIEL KILKENNY, a Citizen of the United States

of America, of 40 California Street, City of San Francisco, State of

California, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention,

for which I pray that a patent may be c'rauted to me, and the method

by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by

the following statement:-

This invention relates to the art of cleaning boiler tubes of deposits

of products of combustion and for maintaining them free of such

deposits.

In the operation of boilers, the tubes as well as other parts of the

boiler interior become caked with coatings or deposits of scale

consisting of products of combustion To remove those deposits, it has

heretofore been necessary periodically to take the boiler out of

operation for a time while it is cleaned, and even after being cleaned

the deposits rapidly reoccur.

It has been recoanized that zinc will inhibit the deposition of

products of combustion on such boiler tubes, but no practical way of

coating the tubes with zinc has been discovered which may be practiced

without taking the boiler out of service during the application It is

also known that when zinc is vaporized in the firebox of a boiler in

the presence of borax, the combined vapours will be carried to the

tubes with the gases of combustion and the borax will function as a

flux to assist the zinc in penetrating the scale deposit on the boiler

tubes However, no practicable way of introducing and vaporizing the

zinc and borax which will avoid excessive waste and maintain a mixture

of those elements in proper proportions has been discovered prior to

mv present invention For instance, the powdered zinc and powdered

borax have been deposited in the flame of the firebox lPrice 3/6 l of

the boiler in dry form, but much of the material is wasted and, being

of different specific gravities, the proper proportions cannot be

maintained.

I have discovered that by dissolving the 50 borax in a liquid solvent

such as water, spraying the solution into the flame of the firebox

with the zinc powder carried in suspension in the solution, and

maintaining the zinc particles in uniform dis 55 tribution in the

solution such as by mechanical agitation of the solution before

spraying the resultant vapours of the zinc and solution are properly

proportioned.

It is therefore an object of my inven 60 tion to provide a method of

introducing powdered zinc in a chemical solution comprising borax into

the firebox of a boiler for vaporization in a manner which maintains a

uniform distribution and propor 65 tioning of the mixture to eliminate

waste.

It is a further object to provide a product for use in cleaning boiler

tubes of products of combustion and inhibiting further deposit of such

prioducts on the 70 tubes.

It is a further object to provide a method of cleaning boiler tubes of

products of combustion and inhibiting further such deposits on the

tubes 75 For purposes of enabling a clear understanding of my

invention I shall now describe, in detail, one of its preferred

embodiments, although this description is not intended to be

limitative upon the 80 broader scope of my invention except as may

appear from the appended claims.

For purposes of the ensuing description

I shall refer to the accompanying drawing wherein the single figure

illustrates 85 in perspective the firebox portion of a conventional

boiler and means for introducing my cleaning and inhibiting product

into the firebox.

Referring now to the drawing, the 90 kiss, r.,, 1 ' -, 7 1 786,075

numeral 5 denotes the firebox portion of a conventional boiler having

a front access opening covered by a removable plate 6 through which

the conventional fuel supply pipe 7 enters the furnace and there

communicates with a fuel nozzle 8 from which the flame 9 to heat the

boiler is projected.

A spray nozzle 15 is mounted on the free end of a conduit 16 also

entering the firebox through an opening in the plate 6 The spray

nozzle is preferably positioned above and immediately adjacent the

discharge end of the fuel nozzle 8, so that the composition to be

hereinafter described wvill be sprayed from the spray nozzle directly

into the flamne in the firebox.

I provide a supply tank 20 having an outlet 21 communicating with the

inlet of a pump 22 driven by a conventional motor M, the outlet of the

pump comrnunicating with conduit 16 Thus the composition contained by

the tank 20 is sprayed under pressure into the flame in the firebox

The tank 20 has a vented filling opening 25 and a restricted by-pass

line 26 may be lead from the conduit 16 back into the tank A

conventional agitator 30 is rotatably mounted in the tank and is

driven by the motor to maintain the zinc particles in a uniform

distribution in suspension in the liquid in the tank.

While various compositions containing zinc are suitable for spraying

into the firebox of the boiler in accordance with mvr invention, a

composition which I find exceptionally effective is composed of equal

amounts, by weight, of zinc, in dust form, and borax (Na 2 BRO 7)

admixed with a sufficient amount of water to provide a saturated borax

solution with the metallic particles in suspension.

Upon being sprayed into the flame of the firebox, the zinc and borax

solution vaporize and the resultant comingled vapours pass to the

boiler tubes with the gases of combustion The borax vapours function

as a flux to assist the zinc in so penetrating the scale deposit on

the tubes and in becoming attached to the tubes.

The existing scale on the tubes becomes loosened and released from the

tubes to be expelled by and along with the gases of combustion, while

the deposition of the metallic z Inc on the tubes inhibits further

adherence of scale.

I find that the cleaning and coating of the tubes may be enhanced by

adding sodium chloride (N Ta O l), in an amount equal to the amount of

borax, by weight, the sodium chloride being dissolved in the solution

Other liquids capable of dissolving the chemical components may be

substituted for water, although water is preferable and is most

economical.

I also find that my cleaning and coating composition can lhe improved

by adding ammonium sulphate in an amount equal to each of the

above-iianaed ingredients, 70 by weight The ammonium sulphate prevents

oxidization of the zinc vapours to oxide before the zinc attaches

itself to the tubes of the boiler.

I may also add oxalic acid to the compo 75 sition, in an amount equal,

by weight, to each of the above-named ingredients, which by its

bleaching action assists in the coating of the tubes of the boiler.

It is my preference not to wait until a 80 deposit of the zinc on the

metallic surfaces of the boiler becomes entirely removed by the

friction of the gases of combustion.

On the contrary, it is my preference to repeat the operation of

spraying the com 85 position into the flame in the firebox for a

period of about 30 minutes e feiv Have days.

I find that in addition to inhibiting the further formation of

deposits of products 90 of combustion on the outer surfaces of the

boiler tubes, the zinc also prevents oxidization of the parent metal

of the boiler tubes.

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* GB786076 (A)

Description: GB786076 (A) ? 1957-11-13

Alarm circuit for refrigerators and like pressure controlled temperature

regulating devices


PATENT SPECFICATIGN 736

Inventor:-HOWARD BRECKNOCK and REGINALD WALTER HOPCRAFT.

Date of filing Complete Specification: Jan 17, 1956.

Application Date: Jan 17, 1955 No 1382 55.

Complete Specification Published: Nov 13,1957.

Index at Acceptance:-Class 118 ( 1), D( 3: 4: 7, International

Classification: GO 8 d.

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.

Alarm Circuit for Refrigerators and like Pressure Controlled

Temperature Regulating Devices.

We, THE HOTPOINT ELECTRIC APPLIANCE COMPANY LIMITED, a British

Company, having its registered office at Crown House, Aldwych, London,

W C 2, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a

patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be

performed, to be particularly described in and by the following

statement: -

This invention relates to alarm circuits for refrigerators and like

pressure controlled temperature regulating devices and is particularly

concerned with alarm circuits for low temperature refrigerators such

as freezers.

Any undue variation in temperature in a freezer cabinet and especially

any undue rise in temperature, may result in the spoiling of

perishable goods stored within the cabinet It is therefore highly

desirable that some means should be provided to give a positive

indication of any such variation in temperature.

It is known to provide a device operated by changes in temperature in

a refrigerating system to indicate such changes but this indication is

usually of a visual nature, such as for example, an electric lamp

supplied, in the case of mains operated refrigerator, from the mains

supply.

This form of indication suffers from the disadvantage of possible

mains failure and also requires the presence of a person before a

fault can be detected.

We are aware that it has previously been proposed to provide a

refrigerator control system with an adjustable temperature control

device to maintain the temperature of the refrigerator within a

predetermined range, said device having a manually adjustable lPrice i

member, and a temperature responsive pressure device which closes an

electric circuit including an audible alarm upon abnormal temperature

condition within the refrigerator outside the predetermined range,

means operable by the manually adjustable member being provided

whereby the said circuit can be interrupted to render the alarm

circuit inoperative, and further manual operation of the said member

being necessary when it is required to restore the circuit so that it

will again be closed on abnormal temperature condition within the

refrigerator outside the predetermined range.

The object of the present invention therefore is to provide a means of

indicating undue variation in pressure in a refrigerating system which

does not suffer from the aforementioned disadvantages.

According to the present invention therefore there is provided an

alarm circuit for a refrigerator or a like pressure controlled

temperature regulating device, comprising a pressure device operable

by any change in temperature and pressure of the refrigerant from a

predetermined level to actuate a pair of contacts to energise, from a

battery source, an audible alarm device and means whereby the alarm

device is rendered manually inoperative; this means itself being

automatically rendered inoperative by return of the temperature and

pressure to the predetermined level.

In putting the invention into effect the audible alarm device

comprises a coil wound around a core of magnetic material in proximity

to which is mounted a movable armature having a striker arm for making

contact with a bell for providing an audible warning of increase or

decrease in temperature beyond the predetermined level, and 5076

786,076 the armature is designed to co-operate with a manually

operable plunger whereby to hold both the plunger and the armature to

the core to render the armature inoperative.

a One embodiment of the device will now be described with reference to

the drawing filed with the Provisional Specification which shows a

schematic diagram of an alarm circuit in accordance with the

invention.

With reference to the drawing 1 is a bellows the interior of which is

subjected to vapour pressure of a refrigerant in a tube 2 securable to

say the evaporator of the refrigerating system so that the arm 3 takes

up a position dependent on the temperature of the gas in the tube 2

One end of the arm 3 carries an insulated lever 4 This arm can also be

arranged to operate contacts to switch the motor on and off in a

manner well known Arranged in proximity to the lever 4 are a pair of

normally separated contacts 5 and 6 mounted on resilient arms a and 6

a The lever 4 is positioned between the arms Sa and 6 a so that on any

increase or decrease in temperature of a refrigerator with which the

alarm circuit is associated beyond a predetermined level causes a

change in pressure in the bellows 1 causing the lever 4 to move either

upwards or downwards respectively to close the contacts 5 and 6 and

thereby to energise the operating coil (not shown) of an electro

magnetic relay 7 The operating coil of relay 7 is connected to a

battery 8 in series with the contacts 5 and 6 and a pair of normally

closed contacts 9 and 10 mounted on resilient arms 9 a and 10 a

respectively.

The resilient arm 9 a is extended so as to be in contact with a point

contact member 11 of an armature 12 which is pivotally mounted at 13

to a relay frame member 14.

The energising of the relay coil causes the armature 12 to be

attracted towards the core 15 of the relay 7 and thereby causes the

striker 16 of an arm 17 to make contact with a bell 18 to provide an

audible warning of the fact that the predetermined pressure has

changed The armature 12 will aso> thereafter continue to oscillate

about its pivot 13 in a known manner to provide a continuous audible

warning for a period of time determined by the capacity of the battery

The capacity of the battery is chosen such that it will enable a

warning to be provided for a reasonable period of absence of a user of

the refrigerator A reasonable period is here deemed to be 24 hours or

more.

In order that the bell circuit may be made inoperative once the

audible alarm arising therefrom, due to a fault, has been noticed and

also when the refrigerating system is first switched on or when

loading with a C,5 large amount of food for freezing, there are

connected in parallel with contacts 9 and 10 a pair of

armature-holding contacts 19 and These armature-holding contacts 19

and 20 are mounted on resilient arms 19 a and 20 a respectively and

the arm 20 a is 70 extended to engage with a resiliently mounted

plunger 21 having a tip 22 of magnetic material and a shoulder 23 This

tip 22 is of a size and shape to co-operate with an aperture 24

provided in the arma 7 ture 12.

When it is required to render the armature 12 inoperative the plunger

21 is depressed (it being mounted to extend through an outside wall of

a refrigerator) This causes the SO tip 22 to be inserted in the

aperture 24 in the armature 12 until the shoulder 23 engages with the

surface of the armature surrounding the aperture 24 As the plunger 21

is further depressed the shoulder 23 50 causes the armature 12 to make

contact with the core 15 and causes the armature to open contacts 9

and 10 The operating coil of the relay 7 remains energised however due

to the simultaneous closing of con 90 tacts 19 and 20 and the plunger

21 is held in the depressed position due to the attraction of the tip

22 to the core 15 When the fault, temporary overload or starting

condition, as the case may be is removed, the 95 bellows I returns to

its normal position when the contacts 5 and 6 re-open The re-opening

of these contacts causes the opening coil of relay 7 to be

de-energised and the armature, plunger, contacts 9 and 10 100 and

contacts 19 and 20 return to their previous positions.

The operating coil of the relay should have a resistance of, for

example, 1 GC-'2 G ohms and consist of a larae number of turns 105 and

the relay should have an efficient iron circuit so that the battery

current is of the order of say 40 milliamps or less.

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* GB786077 (A)

Description: GB786077 (A) ? 1957-11-13

Improvements in supports for the legs of furniture


PATENT SPECIVICATION

786 071

Date of filing Complete Specification (under Section 3 ( 3) of the

Patents Act,

1949): Jan 25, 1956.

Application Date: Jan26, 1955 N Application Date: July 15, 1955 N


Index at acceptance:-Class 134, C.

o 2300/55.

P 20485155.

International Classification:-A 45 b.


Improvements in Supports for the Legs of Furniture I, ADA MAUD

GOODFELLOW, a British Subject, of 32 Heaton Road, Withington,

Manchester 20, do hereby declare the invention, for which we, pray

that a patent may be S granted to us, and the method by which it is to

be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following

statement: -

This invention relates to improvements in devices for supporting the

legs of articles of furniture, the device forming a glider and being

of the type comprising a block having a projection on the upper

surface and which when in position permits no relative movement

between the glider and the furniture.

In application No 25267/53 (Serial No.

749,274) there is described a device for supporting a leg consisting

of a circular block having a flat base and a peripheral edge which is

curved or contoured to merge into the base and with a flat top merging

into a recessed rim, and a screw, the head of which is moulded into

the block, the shank of the screw being provided with a thread

extending to its junction with the head thereof which tatter is formed

with a flange having radial ribs tapering to a circumferential groove

adjacent the extreme end of the head of the screw.

The object of the present invention is the substitution of a plain or

fluted nail for a screw; together with a plurality of projections on

the upper surface of the device to engage the underside of the leg of

the furniture.

According to the invention a device of the type referred to comprises

a circular block having a flat base and upper surface and a peripheral

edge curved or contoured to merge into the base, a plain nail, or a

fluted nail having a high pitch thread extending to the junction with

the head, the head of the nail being moulded into the block; and a

plurality of projections on the upper surface of the block to engage

the lower surface of the leg of the furniture.

The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying

drawings:Fig 1 is a side elevation of a glider, lPtice 3 s 6 d l Fig 2

is a vertical section of same, Fig 3 is a plan, of same from above,

Fig 4 is a plan of same from below, Fig 5 is a part section to an

enlarged scale of a modification, Fig 6 is a plan of the nail head

shown in Fig 5 from below.

The device consists of a circular block A having a wide flat base a

which rests on the floor and a flat top a' to support the bottom of

the leg of the furniture to which it is to, be attached.

The periphery a' of the block is curved as shown, the lower portion of

the periphery gradually merging into the flat base a.

The block A is moulded from a synthetic resin and during moulding the

head b of a hardened fluted nail B having a high pitch thread

extending to its junction with the head, is moulded therein with the

shank projecting from the flat top a'.

The head b of the fluted nail B may be formed with a slit across the

top with legsi splayed outwards before insertion iii the mould to

anchor the nail to the plastic as shown in Fig 2 or it may be formed

with radial ribs b on its underside tapering to a circumferential

groove b A as described in specification

No 749,274.

A plurality of projections or pins bl are inserted into the mould to

project from the flat top a' as shown in Fig 3.

A device constructed in accordance with the invention can be readily

secured to the bottom of the leg and when in position there will be no

tendency for relative movement between the block and the securing nail

since the head of the latter will be firmly embedded in the material

of the block, and due to the projections or pins b' cannot be

unscrewed.

After manufacture a piece of adhesive tape C may be stretched across

the base a to protect the plastic face when being hammered in and also

to protect the glider on the workshop floor and also in transit, when

the adhesive tape C is peeled off there is no further cleaning to be

done and the base of the glider is undamaged.

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* GB786078 (A)

Description: GB786078 (A) ? 1957-11-13

Improvements in personal service connectors for the crews of aircraft



Inventor:-DONALD STANLEY PETTINGER.

786,078 Date of filing Complete Specification: Feb 2, 1956.

Application Date: Feb 2, 1955 No 3054/55.


Index at Acceptance:-Class 4, G 3.

International Classification:-B 641.

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.

Improvements in Personal Service Connectors for the Crews of Aircraft.

We, THE HYMATIC ENGINEER 1 i G C Omi?ANY LIMTED, a British Company, of

Glover Street, Redditch, Worcestershire, do hereby declare the

invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and

the method by which it is to be performed to be particularly described

in and by the following statement:

This invention relates to personal service connectors for the crews of

aircraft and particularly for aircraft using ejector type seats and

has for its object to provide an improved construction and arrangement

of such connectors which enables the services to be connected to the

supplies at one plug-in when a pilot or airman enters the aircraft and

provides an automatic break of connection for a normal or ejection

exit whilst giving emergency supplies to an airman during descent

after he has been ejected from the aircraft.

The invention consists in a personal service connector for the crew of

an aircraft having an ejector seat comprising a seat bracket adapted

to be detachably connected to the ejector seat of the aircraft, an

airman's half coupling adapted to be detachably connected to the seat

bracket and having connections for necessary gas, electrical, and

other services to the airman, and a supply plate adapted to be

detachably connected to the seat bracket at the opposite side thereof

to the airman's half coupling with valves in the gas or like service

to said supply plate which are automatically closed until they are

engaged and opened by parts in the airman's half coupling when the

supply plate and airman's half coupling are both connected to the seat

bracket, the supply plate being automatically released from the seat

bracket when the ejector seat leaves the aircraft, the airman's half

coupling being unlocked from the seat bracket by the airman operating

a lPrice 3 s 6 d l lever or the like after which the airman's half

coupling is held by spring loaded catches which are overcome by

pulling on the airman's half coupling, the release of the seat bracket

from the ejector seat being effected manually or automatically.

The invention further comprises connecting the seat bracket to the

ejector seat through a seat plate secured to the seat, cones with

annular grooves at the bases of the cones projecting from the seat

bracket and entering holes in the seat plate, a spring loaded part or

parts in the seat plate entering the recesses and locking the cones in

the seat plate, and means for withdrawing the spring loaded part or

parts from engagement with the grooves in order to release the seat

bracket from the seat plate, The invention further comprises a

personal service connector as aforesaid in which the supply plate is

locked to the seat bracket by catches which are released

automatically, when the ejector seat parts from its aircraft, by the

pull on a spring loaded plunger connected by a lanyard to the

aircraft.

The invention further comprises a personal service connector as

aforesaid in which the airman's half coupling is held to the seat

bracket by two pairs of catches on the seat bracket loaded by blade or

other springs, one catch of each pair having its acting face at a

non-locking angle with the face of the part of the airman's unit with

which it engages, and the other catch of each pair has its acting face

at a locking angle, the locking catches being released automatically

by the airman when he releases his seat harness buckle mechanism, and

the other catches being released by pull applied to the airman's half

coupling.


aforesaid in which the airman's half-coupling is made in two parts

786,078 interconnected by a two part telescopic handle and by spring

catches along the sides of the parts of the half coupling.


aforesaid in which an emergency service block is on the underside of

the seat bracket and supplies two gas services to connections on the

airman's half coupling from supply sources carried by the airman, when

the main supplies from the aircraft are disconnected.


aforesaid in which the supply plate has a tell tale unit which

projects when the catches of the supply plate are not locking it in

position.

Referring to the accompanying explanatory drawings:Figure 1 is a rear

view, with part broken away to show the internal construction

illustrating the seat plate forming part of our improved personal

service connector.

Figure 2 is an end view looking from left to right of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is an end view looking from right to left of Figure 1.

Figure 4 is a sectional elevation on the line 4-4, and Figure 5 a

sectional view on the line 5-5, of Figure 1.

Figure 6 is a front view of a complete personal service connector

constructed in one convenient form in accordance with this invention.

Figure 7 is a plan view of Figure 6, with the carrying handle in

section.

Figure 8 is a sectional view on the line 8-8 of Figure 7.

Figure 9 shows the two parts of the airman's half coupling shown in

Figures 6 and 7, in disassembled condition.

Figure 10 is an inverted plan view of Figure 6.

Figure 11 is a side view looking from right to left of Figure 6.

Figure 12 is a sectional view on the line 12-12 of Figure 13 showing

the seat bracket with the positively operated catches which hold the

airman's half coupling to the seat bracket, in open position.

Figure 13 is an end view of the seat bracket forming part of the

complete assembly, looking from right to left in Figures 14 and 15.

Figure 14 is an inverted plan and Figure 15 a front view of the seat

bracket.

Figure 16 is an end view of Figure 6 looking from left to right.

Figure 17 is a view in the direction of the arrow in Figure 14, that

is of the side which is attached to the seat plate, but with the cover

plate on the seat bracket removed.

Our improved personal service connector comprises essentially four

parts, as follows:

( 1) a seat plate shown in detail in Figures 1-5 which is adapted to

be secured to the ejector type seat of an aircraft, ( 2) a seat

bracket which is detachably secured to the seat plate and is shown in

detail in Figures 12, 13, 14, and 17, ( 3) the airman's half coupling

which is adapted to be detachably secured to 70 the seat bracket and

is shown in Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, 11 and 16, and ( 4) a supply plate

comprising supply connection adapted to be coupled to supply services

on the aircraft, and itself detachably secured to the under 75 side of

the seat bracket The supply plate with its service connections is

shown in Figures 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17.

The seat bracket a, which has thereon projecting cones b (see Figure

10) with 80 annular grooves c at their large diameter ends, such cones

plugging into the seat plate d secured to the airman's seat (not

shown), preferably at the starboard side The seat plate d has a spring

loaded sliding plate e 85 therein (See Figure 5) with key holesf

therein which co-operate with conical holes g through the fixed back

and front plates h 6 and i of the complete seat plate, so that the

projecting cones b can, when the spring loaded sliding 90 plate is

appropriately moved against the pressure of the springs,, pass through

the seat plate; when the spring loaded sliding plate e is released,

the slotted portions of the key holes f come into the annular grooves

c 95 behind the cones b and hold the seat plate firmly in place The

spring loaded sliding plate e can be moved against its springs by

manual pressure applied to the projection k (see Figure 1) or by a

Bowden cable indi 100 cated diagrammatically at m (Figure 1) connected

to the plate e and coupled to the mechanism which releases the seat

harness from the ejector seat.

The seat bracket a which projects at right 105 angles to the seat

plate d has holes therein, as shown in Figure 14, through which the

services pass and is adapted to receive on its underside the supply

plate ni having connections as o thereon for the desired supplies and

110 a locking mechanism to be hereinafter described for the attachment

of the supply plate to the seat bracket a, On the upper side of the

seat bracket a is secured the airman's half-coupling comprising a base

115 plate p which has connections as q to the airman's suit and

headgear.

The supply plate m is automatically released from the seat bracket a

when the ejector type seat has parted from the aircraft 120 for a

certain predetermined distance and a lanyard attached to the aircraft

and to a spring loaded plunger r releases catches Is on the supply

plate, is tightened.

The supply plate N is held to the seat 125 bracket a by a catch plate

t secured on the underside of the seat bracket a The catch plate t has

two depending lugs 1 with holes therein adapted to be engaged by the

catches s operated by a pair of levers u pivoted about 130 pectively

on the airman's half coupling.

There is also a service connection for the airman's heated clothing.

The right-hand half of the airman's half coupling may carry four gas

services: 70 ventilation, anti-g, pressure and emergency pressure and

one electric service for heated clothing The left hand half of the

coupling may carry four gas services:-oxygen, emergency oxygen,

pressure suit and de 75 misting and three electrical

services:microphone, telephone and visor.

All the joints between the supply services on the supply plate and the

airman's services on the half coupling are coned or rounded 80 so that

when released by the catches holding the supply plate in position, the

airman's half coupling can be pulled off at any angle.

There is an emergency services block at (see Figure 10) which is let

into the seat 85 bracket a on its underside and carries two gas

services at 16, namely the emergency oxygen and emergency pressure;

when the main supply is disconnected, i e when the ejector seat leaves

its aircraft, emergency 90 supplies are obtained from containers

carried by the airman There are branch connections 17 on the main

connections to the airman's half coupling and these receive the

emergency supplies, the main connection being auto 95 matically closed

to atmosphere when the supply plate N is released from the seat

bracket a.

In the use of our improvement, the airman before entering the

aircraft, plugs the two 100 halves of the airman's half coupling (as

shown in Figure 9) together, the catches y and handle x of the one

half engaging in those of the other to make the two halves into a

single unit On entering the aircraft, the airman, 105 holding his half

coupling by the handle x, presses it downwards on to the seat bracket

a (to which the supply plate N is already attached) when it will be

retained by the pairs of catches 10 and 11 before described 110 The

different valves on the supply services will then be automatically

opened and electrical connections established When all services are

established and valves fully open, the catches 10 and 11 will spring

into their 115 locking positions and will retain the assembly as a

unit.

During flight, the airmen are free to release their harness buckles

which will operate the lever 12 and cause the withdrawal of the 120

lock catches 10 and 11 having an undercut or right angular acting

face, but will leave the other catches 10 t and 11 a (between the half

coupling and seat bracket) which are restraining catches, in position

125 For a normal exit after unlocking his seat harness buckle

mechanism, the airman will simply withdraw his half coupling by

pulling on its handle x and forcing back the restraining catches 10 a

and 11 " 1 l 30 fixed fulcrum points in the fitting v secured to the

supply plate n The plunger r when pulled downwards in Figure 8 by the

lanyard before referred to acts through a collar r' S thereon to turn

the levers u and withdraw the catches S so that the supply plate is

released from the seat bracket The upper end of the plunger 7 is

conical and comes between the chamfered ends of the catches S when

they are fully apart and locks the supply plate to the seat bracket A

spring loaded pin w (Figure 6) which we term a tell tale pin, is

forced outwards by the catches S so that its end projects from the

supply plate when the catches S are drawn inwards towards one another

This pin W is visible from above and indicates to the airman that the

catches S are not locking the supply plate in position.

The lower end of the plunger r is connected as before stated to the

aircraft by a lanyard which is slack when the seat bracket is in its

normal position but is tightened to cause the release of the catches S

holding the supply plate N to the seat bracket a when the ejector seat

is discharged from the aircraft.

The airman's half coupling is in two parts as shown in Figure 9 which

can be secured together by a two-part telescopic handle x and by

spring catches y along the sides of the parts of the half coupling The

assembled parts of the half coupling are secured to the seat bracket a

by two pairs of catches 10, 11 pivoted to the seat bracket and loaded

by blade or other springs One pair of catches acts on each end of the

half couplling One catch 10 a, 11 a of each pair (see Figure 7) has

its face which engages or comes over the base p of the half coupling

at a non-locking angle, such as 45 to the face with which it engages

so that it can be forced outwards by a pull applied to the half

coupling The other catch of each pair having its face which engages or

comes over the base p at a locking angle and is operated to release it

from the said face by a lever 12 acting on one locking catch through

an excentric or D shaped cam 13 and on the other locking catch through

a push rod 14 (see Figure 17) The lever 12 is moved by the airman when

he releases his seat harness buckle mechanism This unlocks his half

coupling base p from the seat bracket a but it is however still

restrained by the angled catches 10 and 11.

The supply plate mm carries connections for 55, desired services,

except emergency services which will be hereinafter referred to For

gas services the connection contains a valve assembly, the valve being

opened when a similar connection on the airman's half coupling is

connected thereto by the assembly of the supply plate N and half

coupling base p on the seat bracket a Microphone telephone and visor

services may be combined in a single plug or socket on the supply

plate which is engaged by a socket or plug res786,078 For an ejection

exit, the pilot's seat in its -upward movement will tighten the

lanyard attached to the plunger e which will pull on the latter In its

downuward movement the plunger will move the levers u to withdraw the

catches S so releasing and pulling clear the aircraft supply plate a

from the remainder of the assembly At the same time, an emergency

supply bottle will be opened by an independent mechanism to provide

oxygein and pressure for the connections 16 (see Figure 10) during

descent, whilst the remaining gas services are automatically sealed in

both halves of the couplings Once out of the aircraft, the combined

parachute and seat harness is released from the seat The mechanism

which operates this release also pulls through the cable m (Figures 1

and 6) on the sliding plate e of the seat plate d, so releasing the

remaining assembly from the seat The airman is now free to vacate the

seat.

On landing, the airman will immediately release the harness buckle

which will pull on 2,5 the lever 12 of the seat bracket a, opening the

locking catches 10, 11 thus leaving only a light pull necessary to

separate his halfcoupling p from the seat bracket a and emergency

supplies.

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