4631 4635.output

* GB785038 (A)

Description: GB785038 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Phosphated metallisable azo dyestuffs

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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete, up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.

PATENT SPECIFICATION 785038 Date of filing Complete Specification: Aug 8, 1955. Application Date: Sept 10, 1954. No 26267/54. Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 2 ( 4), P 2 G 2 C( 1: 6: 10: 11), P 2 G 5 A, P 2 H( 9: 11: X), P( 3 D: 9 A 3 81). International Classification:-C 09 b. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Phosphated Metallisable Azo Dyestuffs We, IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED, of Imperial Chemical House, Millbank, London, S W 1, a British Company, and ALEXANDER ROBERTUS TODD, of the University Chemical Laboratory, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, and ROBERT RONALD DAVIES, of Hexagon House, Blackley, Manchester, both British Subjects, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to metallisable azo dyestuffs and more particularly it relates to phosphated metallisable azo dyestuffs derived from heterocyclic compounds containing hydroxyl groups. It has been proposed and claimed in British Specification No 761,776 to manufacture new metallisable azo dyestuffs by sulphating azo

compounds containing at least once a group of the formula:N NON wherein X is hydrogen or chlorine and the nitrogen atom in the ortho position to tie -OH group is part of a heterocyclic ring. We have now found that valuable metallisable azo dyestuffs may be obtained by phosphating azo compounds containing the said group where X stands for a hydrogen atom. Thus, according to the invention we provide new phosphated metallisable azo dyestuffs of the formula:0 O o 140/1, 11 P -0 NN-Ar-Y-Ar-N 0-P N N wherein the nitrogen atoms in the ortho positions to the phosphoric acid ester groups are part of heterocyclic rings, Y stands for a direct link or for a bridging group and Ar stands for the residue of a phenylene or substituted phenylene radical. As examples of suitable bridging groups represented by Y there may be mentioned -N=N-, -CONH-, -NH and -NH CO NH-, and as an example of a suitable substituted arylene radical represented by Ar there may be mentioned methoxyphenylene. According to a further feature of the invention we provide a process for the manufacture of the said new azo dyestuffs which comprises phosphating azo compounds of the formula: N=N-Ar-Y-Ar-N N H 011 N wherein the nitrogen atoms in the ortho positions to the hydroxyl groups are part of heterocyclic rings, and Y and Ar have the meanings stated above. The azo compounds for use in the said process are obtainable for example by coupling a tetrazotised primary aromatic diamine, with a coupling component containing the stated group Such coupling components include for example 8-hydroxyquinoline, 4hydroxyacridine, 4-hydroxybenzthiazole and substituted 4-hydroxybenzthiazoles. As primary aromatic diamines which may be tetrazotised and coupled with the coupling components there may be mentionedfor example benzidine, dianisidine, 4:41-diaminoazobenzene, 4:41-diaminobenzanilide, 31:4 diamino 3: 41-dimethoxybenzanilide, 4:41 diaminodiphenylamine and 4: 41-diaminodiphenylurea The tetrazotisation of the primary aromatic amine and the coupling of it with the appropriate coupling component may be carried out according to known pro2 785,038 cedures The azo compounds may also be obtained by processes comprising the linking together of azo dyestuffs with one another. The phosphation of the said azo comnpounds is brought about by treatment of the azo compounds with phosphating agents The phosphating agent which is particularly suitable for this purpose is phosphorus pentoxide in combination with a tertiary amine, for example pyridine or triethylamine, with or without the presence of a solvent for example ethylene dichloride. The new dyestuffs of the invention are more readily soluble in water

than the corresponding sulphated derivatives, and are particularly useful for the dyeing of cellulosic fibres and fabrics and other fibres and fabrics for example those made from or containing nylon and other polyamide and polyester fibres and/or from cellulose acetate, by the known after-coppering process. The said PO 3 H 2 group is removed in the process of after-coppering with the result that the coppered dyestuff is fixed firmly in the fibre as an insoluble substance The aftercoppered dyeings possess a high degree of fastness to washing, without the use of dyefixing agents, and to light, in the same way as those derived from the corresponding sulphated dyestuffs described in British Specification No 761,776. The invention is illustrated but not limited by the following Examples in which the parts are by weight. EXAMPLE 1. 2 parts of the compound obtained by coupling one molecular proportion of tetrazotised 4: 4 '-diamino 3: 3-dimethoxydiphenyl with two molecular proportions of 8-hydroxyquinoline are suspended in 5 parts of pyridine 3 5 parts of phosphorus pentoxide are added and the mixture is heated to 110 for 1 hour The mixture is then poured into a mixture of 75 parts of 2 N aqueous sodium carbonate solution and 100 parts of water. The mixture is filtered at 90 C and the filtrate is salted to 20 % w/v with common salt. The precipitate is filtered off at 20 C, pasted with 0 1 part of dextrin and dried The product is completely soluble in water to give an orange-brown solution which dyes cellulosic fibres by the normal acidic after-coppering process in rubine shades of excellent wash fastness and good light fastness. EXAMPLE 2. 2 parts of the compound obtained by coupling one molecular proportion of 4:4diamino-1: 1-azobenzene with two molecular proportions of 8-hydroxyquinoline are mixed with 5 parts of pyridine and phosphated in the manner described in Example 1 The phosphated product is isolated in the manner described in Example 1 The resulting dyestuff, when applied to cellulosic fibres by the acidic after-coppering process, gives violet shades of excellent fastness to washing and of good light fastness. EXAMPLE 3. Proceeding in a manner similar to that described in Example 2 the compound obtained by coupling one molecular proportion of tetrazotised 3: 3-diaminobenzanilide with two molecular proportions of 8-hydroxyquinoline is phosphated to give a dyestuff which dyes cellulosic fibres by the acidic after-coppering process to give

yellowishorange shades of excellent wash fastness and good light fastness.

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* GB785039 (A)

Description: GB785039 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Improvements in or relating to covers for motor vehicles

Description of GB785039 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION 785,039 Date of filing Complete Specification: Sept 22, 1955. Application Date: Sept 24, 1954. No 27673/54. Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Classes 103 ( 2), C 1; and 136 ( 1), J 14. International Classification:-B 62 d, j. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to Covers for Motor Vehicles I, HUMPHREY JOHN VELLACOTT, a British Subject, of London, Road, West Thurrock, Essex, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performned, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - The present invention relates to covers for motor vehicles. In recent years the shortage of garage space has caused many owners to park their vehicles inm the open, overnight or for longer periods. This is detrimental to the vehicles and has led to the use of covers of various types being employed in an attempt to protect the vehicles from deterioration. The covers generally employed are not entirely satisfactory since

they,are not fitted to the vehicle and have to be attached by tying or are weighted to keep them in position Also, the covers ait present in use are usually unwieldy, and in the case of motor car covers are difficult to pack away when not in use. It is an object of the present invention to provide vehicle covers which overcome these disadvantages by being made to fit the vehicle and not requiring any attaching means. According to the invention there is provided a vehicle cover comprising sheet material tailored to the shape of the vehicle an opening in said 'cover provided with fastening means such that when the fasteninmg means are in the dclosed position the cover iftrs snugly over said vehicle with the edges of the cover so positioned that the cover cannot be removed from the vehicle. In order that the invention may be clearly understood and easily carried into effect two preferred embodimnents thereof will now be described with reference to the:accompanying drawings wherein, Fig 1 is an elevation of a vehicle cover fitted to'a motor cycle, Fig 2 is an end view of the cover of Fig 1, Fig 3 is an elevation of a vehicle 'cover fitted to a motor car, Fig 4 is an end view of the cover of 'Fig 3, Fig 5 is a perspective view of a' pare of the cover of Fig 3, and Fig 6 is a plan view of the cover of Fig 3 ready for rolling. Referring to Figs 1 and 2 of the drawings, 1 denotes a cover which is tailored to fit snugly over a motor cycle 2 in such manner that sub:stantially the whole of the cycle is covered At one end the cover is formed with a slit which is adapted to 'be closed by a sliding clasp fastener 3 the arrangement 'being such as to permit he cover 1 to be easily and quickly fitted and removed. Since the cover 1 fits snugly around the motor cycle 2 there is a minimum,of excess material and hence the 'cover will not belly in windy conditions This results in greatly reduced wear, as compared with the nontailored covers currently used. When the cover 1 is positioned on the cycle 2 the lower edges 4 thereof are 'below the centre of the wheels of the cycle and may enclose substantially the whole of the wheels. This is attained by forming the tends of the cover 1 to correspond to the curve of the peripheries of the wheels or mudguards of the cycle 2 The sliding clasp fastener 3 is disposed on the front end of the cover 1 and allows the cover to be drawn onto the cycle from the rear end to the front Eyelet holes are provided in the cover to permit the bolt of a padlock 6 to be passed therethrough for security. It will be seen that when positioned on the cycle 2 and the clasp fastener 3 closed, the cover 1 cannot be removed and with the padlock '6 fitted, forms a strong deterrent to tampering or theft. The sliding,clasp fastener 3, may of course, be fitted to either or

both ends or other suitaible part of the cover. In Figs 3 and 4 there is shown a cover applied to a motor car 11 The cover 10 comprises a substantially rectangular sheet 12 and two side panels 13 of a shape corresponding to he profile of the 'car 11 The side panels '13 are lattached to the long sides of the 2 785,039 rectangular sheet 12 for a part of their length, generally the part corresponding to the roof of the vehicle The remaining parts of the long sides of the rectangular sheet 12 each have one half of a sliding clasp fastener 14 thereon The other halves of the sliding clasp fasteners 14 are carried by the corresponding edges of the side panels 13 Thus, when the clasp fasteners 14 are closed, the cover assumes the form of the motor vehicle it is intended to protect The rectangular sheet may be varied in shape if required to make the cover fit more accurately The ends of the side panels are so shaped that when the slide fasteners are closed the ends of the rectangular sheet are drawn under the end portions of the car. This prevents the cover from being removed until the fasteners have been opened. In order to facilitate ease of handling the rectangular sheet 12 has a batten 15 attached to each of its ends (Fig 5) Straps 16 fare provided on or adjacent the battens 1 '5 for retaining,the cover 10 in position on the vehicle, the straps passing through slots 21 in the cover and embracing the bumper on its mounting. The straps hold the battens against the underside of the bumpers and maintain the rectangular sheet in a manner preventing bellying. When the sliding clasp fasteners 14 are closed the ends of the lower edges of the side panels 13 are drawn towards the ends of the vehicle and thus held against movement. To remove the cover from the motor car the sliding clasp fasteners 14 are opened and the side panels 13 fdlded over on the rectangular sheet 12 (Fig 16) The straps 16 holding the batten 15 at one end are released and the cover rolled on the batten 15 into:a compact roll which can be secured by means of loose straps passed round the rolled cover and the bumper to which the other batten 15 is attached The cover is thus conveniently and neatly retained on the vehicle and is ready for immediate use If desired the cover may be removed, from the vehicle by releasing the traps 16 of both battens 15. The cover is provided with eyelet holes 17 adjacent the ends of the slide fasteners 14 through which the bolts of padlocks are passed to prevent unauthorised removal of the covers Alternatively the slide fastener may be provided with its own locking means. Flaps 18 may be provided on the covers to protect the slide fasteners 3 and 14 Such flaps may for instance be permanently attached to the cover adjacent one half of a slide fastener and in addition may be

provided with press stud members 19 adapted to engage corresponding press stud memibrs 20 positioned adjacent the other half of the slide fastener. In place of the loose straps previously mentioned the rolled cover may be secured to the car by means of spring chains each comprising a predetermined length of chain having at least one tension spring incorporated therein and hook or the like means at each end The spring chain is passed round the rolled cover and engages a part of the car such as a bumper mounting with its hooked ends. The cover may be provided with reinforc 70 ing at any places which may be subjected to excessive rubbing, for instance the parts of a cover which correspond to the ends of the handle bars of a motor cycle. A particularly suitable material for the 75 covers is unbleached linen treated on the outer surface with powdered aluminium and on the innmer surface coated with neoprene.


* GB785040 (A)

Description: GB785040 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Process for the production of chromous chloride solutions

Description of GB785040 (A) Translate this text into Tooltip

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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete, up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.

PATENT SPECIFICATION 785040 \ Date of Application and filing Complete Specification Sept 28, 1954. A No 27962/54. Application made in Germany on Oct 5, 1953. Application made in Germany on Jan 7, 1954. Complete Specification Published Oct 23, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Class 1 ( 3), A 1 (D 10: Gl OD 10). International Classification: -C Oig. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Process for the Production of Chromous Chloride Solutions We, RUHRCHEMIE Aic TIENGESELLSCHAFT, a German Company, of Oberhausen-Holten, Germany, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - The invention relates to a process for the production of a solution of chromous chloride substantially free from the chromic salt. It is known that chromous chloride solutions containing a predominating amount of chromous salt are obtained from the purest, electrolytically produced chromium by dissolving the chromium in hydrochloric acid with the exclusion of air (see Abegg " Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie ", Vol IV, 1921, page 54, Koppel) Under certain conditions, chromous salt-rich solutions which are never free from the chromic salt are obtained in a similar manner from aluminothermically produced chromium If these working conditions are not observed, then the action of hydrohalic acids upon aluminothermically produced chromium metal always results in much chromic salt in addition to chromous salt Solutions prepared at normal temperature contain preponderantly or exclusively trivalent chromium whilst much more divalent chromium is formed at elevated temperature However, according to Remy "Lehrbuch der anorganischen Chemie", 1932, Vol II, page 85, chromous ions are very readily converted into chromic ions while taking up a further positive charge This reaction also takes place in the absence of atmospheric oxygen if hydrogen ions are present In this reaction, the following equilibrium is established Cr -+ Cr -+AH,. According to earlier workers (Doering "Journal fuer praktische Chemie ", Vol 66, 1902, page 97), the silicic acid (silica) which is always present in aluminothermically produced chromium is considered to be a catalyst for the decomposition of the chromous chloride with the consequent evolution of hydrogen. It is an object of the invention to provide a process for the pioduction of a stable lPrice 3 s 6 d l chromous chloride solution

which is practically 50 free from chromic salt, from aluminothermically produced chromium. According to the invention, a process for the production of a solution of chromous chloride comprises dissolving, in the absence 55 of oxygen, chromium obtained by an aluminothermic method in a quantity of hydrochloric acid which is less than the quantity theoretically required, and separating the solution from the undissolved residue, the dissolution of the 60 chromium and the separation of the solution from the residue being effected at a temperature and at a rate which are sufficiently high to avoid the production of turbidity and of a greenish hue in the final solution 65 The dissolution of the chromium is advantageously effected at a temperature in the range -100 C and preferably at a temperature in the range 60 -90 C Thus both the metal and the hydrochloric acid may be pre 70 heated to the reaction temperature, for example, 600 C, before they are contacted with each other The temperature of the reaction may be maintained at the desired level by surrounding the reaction vessel by a water 75 bath held at an appropriate temperature The dissolution of the chromium is preferably effected within 45 minutes. Separation of the solution from the excess metal and the undissolved impurities by filtra 80 tion must be effected quickly This separation is preferably carried out in the absence of oxygen and at a temperature not lower than C, for example, by means of a hot water funnel 85 Oxygen may be excluded by operating in an atmosphere of an inert gas, for example, a nitrogen atmosphere, or to protect the liquid from the access of atmospheric oxygen by covering it with a layer of liquid which is free 90 from oxygen-containing compounds, for example, a hydrocarbon, preferably a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon When such a liquid, protective layer is employed, the liquid is preferably pre-heated to the temperature at which 95 the dissolution of the chromium is to be effected. The process of the invention results in a 2 78,4 pure blue solution of chromous chloride the oxygen absorbability of which corresponds to the quantity calculated for the total chromium present in the solution as divalent chromium. The reduction value with respect to permanganate solutions also has the value calculated for a chromous chloride solution free from chromic salt. When, for particular analytical purposes, chromous chloride solutions containing hydrochloric acid are required, the desired amount of acid is to be added after the separation of the excess chromium and of the undissolved impurities The amount of acid for stable conditions evolving no hydrogen, is dependent upon the concentration of the chromous chloride solution as will more fully be set forth

hereinafter. The residue from filtration must contain a certain amount of metallic chromium in addition to the insoluble constituents, for if sufficient hydrochloric acid is used so as to dissolve all of the chromium, then a green solution is obtained rather than the blue chromous solution Even if the theoretical quantity of hydrochloric acid is used for dissolving the aluminothermically obtained chromium, the desired blue chromous chloride solutions are not obtained The use of the excess of chromium has the adidtional advantage that the chromium electrochemically displaces from the solution any zinc or iron that may have been dissolved by the acid from the aluminothermically prepared chromium. Blue chromous chloride solutions are also not obtained when the period of time for dissolving the chromium in the acid is unduly extended Turbid solutions are then obtained from which a dingy green precipitate separates in flocks upon standing for a period. Thus, although there is a trace of zinc in aluminothermically prepared chromium, a zinc-free chromous chloride solution which is suitable for analytical purposes and which is practically free from chromic chloride is obtained by the process of the invention The solution is of course, free from large amounts of free hydrochloric acid The maximum content of hydrochloric acid must be carefully controlled if stability is to be assured A concentrated solution of chromous chloride should contain little or no hydrochloric acid, 2 grams of acid per litre being about the greatest permissible amount in a concentrated solution which will keep almost indefinitely in the absence of oxygen, for example, when stored under a hydrocarbon layer in a sealed vessel. Up to 5 grams of the acid can be allowed in more dilute chromous solution, whilst a chromous solution of about molar concentration remains stable with up to a content of about 40 grams of H Cl per litre When the acid content is too high, hydrogen is evolved continuously. Short dissolving periods require that the chromium should be in particulate form and should have a certain surface area If the brittle metal is crushed in a mortar and brought to a particle size of below 0 4 mm, the dissolution will generally be terminated within 70 minutes If, however, the metal is ground in a mineral mill into particles of a more spherical form having a size of below 0 5 mm, the dissolution will take about three times as long Coarse pieces of material may even 75 require ten times the time to neutralize the hydrochloric acid added in an amount lower than that theoretically required to such an extent that only small amounts (about 0-3 grams/litre) of free acid remain 80 In a modification of the invention, the formation,

hereinbefore referred to, of turbid solutions and precipitates in the preparation of concentrated chromous chloride solutions can be avoided, even when the metallic chromium 85 is dissolved slowly, by pretreating the metal with hydrofluoric acid. According to the modified form of the invention therefore, a process for the production of a solution of chromous chloride from 90 chromium obtained by an aluminothermic method comprises treating the chromium with hydrofluoric acid, dissolving the treated chromium in a quantity of hydrochloric acid which is less than that required to dissolve the 95 chromium, and separating the solution from the undissolved residue, the dissolution of the chromium and the separation of the solution from the undissolved residue being effected in the absence of oxygen and at a temperature 100 within the range 50 '-100 C The hydrofluoric acid may conveniently be employed in the form of a 400 aqeuous solution, and the amount used is small, for example, not substantially more than 1 part by weight of H F 1 105 per 100 parts by weight of chromium The chromium is preferably separated from the hydrofluoric acid prior to dissolution in the hydrochloric acid. It is essential for the hydrosfuoric acid to 110 be contacted with the chromium before the chromium is contacted with the hydrochloric acid If the hydrofluoric acid is added to the hydrochloric acid during dissolution of the metal, the hydrofluoric acid will not be effec 115 tive to prevent precipitation during the storage of the chromous chloride solution If, however, the hydrofluoric acid is added prior to dissolving the metal, concentrated chromous chloride solutions of blue colour are obtained 120 even with extended dissolving times, and these solutions form no precipitates even when stored for months and, with a content of free hydrochloric acid of as high as about 5 grams per litre, show no evolution of hydrogen 125 The pretreatment with hydrofluoric acid has great advantages Chromium metal, which is in a form which is only soluble with difficulty, such as coarser or smoother ground material and even coarse, unground pieces of 130 785,040 s 785,040 material, may now be used as the starting material for the preparation according to the invention of chromous chloride solutions since the time taken in dissolving the metal in the hydrochloric acid is then of little or no importance. The preparation of chromous chloride solutions from aluminothermically produced chromium in accordance with the invention, is illustrated in the following examples. EXAMPLE 1 grams of aluminothermically obtained chromium of the following composition:99.0 % Cr 0 3 O 4 % Fe 0.1 O 3 % Si 0.2 O 3 % Al 0.02 0 05 % S 0.04 0 06 % C were placed in a 2 litre flask which contained 360 cc of water which has been preheated to 600 C and was covered with a hydrocarbon layer consisting of dodecane The flask was

Total chromium con Total chlorine Free H Cl Reduction value A residue amounting to a total of 16 grams and consisting mainly of metallic chromium, remained on the hot-water suction filter and was used for the next batch This quantity amounted to 10 8 % based on the material charged The quantity of hydrochloric acid added to the batch amounted to 90 % of theory. EXAMPLE 2 A further batch of chromous chloride solution was prepared from the same amounts of Total chromium cont Total chlorine Free HCI Reduction value During the initial part of the reaction, the solution had a greenish tinge or hue and it only become blue when the reaction was nearly complete The separation of the residue was effected in the manner described in Example 1 It will be understood that the production of the chromous chloride solution in accordance with the invention may also be effected in continuous operation. EXAMPLE 3 28 grams of aluminothermically produced pulverized chromiumn, 200 cc of water and 100 cc of a protective hydrocarbon layer (dodecane) were placed in a 1 litre, roundbottomed flask provided with a stirrer, a thermometer and a reflux condenser as described in Example 1, and heated to 60 C A mixture, preheated to 600 C, of 89 cc of hydrochloric acid, corresponding to 36 7 provided with a stirrer, a thermometer, a reflux condenser having a gas outlet, and an inlet for the addition of hydrochloric acid or chromium. The temperature of the flask and its contents was controlled by means of a water bath which could readily be maintained at about 600 C. In the course of 6-10 minutes, 420 cc of % chemically pure hydrochloric acid which had been preheated to 600 C, were allowed to flow into the flask The addition of the hydrochloric acid was effected at a rate slow enough to prevent the contents of the flask from foaming over by too vigorous an evolution of hydrogen After another 20 minutes, the evolution of gas was almost complete The solution formed was then filtered by means of a hot-water suction filter while excluding atmospheric oxygen by covering the solution with a hydrocarbon layer This resulted in 730 cc of a pure blue chromous chloride solution After dilution of this solution to 840 cc. with water which was free from air, the solution was found to have the following characteristics:tent 143 8 grams/litre 196 95 grams/litre 0 77 grams/litre 99 7 % theoretical for Cr Cl, chromium, water, hydrochloric acid and dodecane as were used in Example 1 In this case, however, the hydrochloric acid was not gradually added to the chromium, but the water, the hydrochloric acid and the hydrocarbon were at first placed into the flask Then the aluminothermically obtained chromium was gradually added at the same rate as the

hydrochloric acid was added in Example 1 The chromous chloride solution had the following characteristics: tent 146 7 grams/litre 201 8 grams/litre 1.8 grams/litre 99.3 % grams H Cl, and 160 cc of water was then added within 3 minutes from a dropping funnel After 15 minutes, the evolution of gas had almost ceased Filtration was then effected by means of a hot-water suction filter with the exclusion of oxygen A pure blue solution was obtained and 48 cc of the hydrochloric acid used previously were added to it. The total volume of the solution was 500 cc. in which 24 grams of chromium were dissolved in the form of chromous chloride. The residue from the filtration consisted of 4 grams of chromium in addition to small amounts of insoluble impurities Over a period of 14 days during which the solution was under observation, it was found to evolve no hydrogen. EXAMPLE 4 83 grams of aluminothermically prepared 115 chromium metal which had been ground in a 785,040 mineral mill to a particle size of 0 5 mm were mixed with 3 5 cc of 40 % hydrofluoric acid (density at 20 C = 1 128) in an iron vessel while stirring The mixture was heated to 40 -50 C After 10 minutes, the water of the hydrofluoric acid was evaporated and the metal powder had now a green tint The pretreated metal was placed in a round-bottomed flask of 2 litres capacity provided with a stirrer and a dropping funnel The flask which contained 210 cc of water had been placed in a water bath heated to about 800 C. while the dropping funnel contained 210 cc. of 35 % hydrochloric acid preheated to 50 C. The flask was thoroughly purged with nitrogen and kept under a nitrogen pressure. The hydrochloric acid was added to the contents of the flask within 2 minutes while vigorously stirring The chromium metal, Content of chromium Content of chlorine (including fluorine) Free H Cl Reduction value After a storage time of 2 months, the solution was completely free from turbidity and showed no evolution of hydrogen. EXAMPLE 5 83 grams of commercial, lumpy, aluminothermically prepared chromium which had pretreated in the same manner as the ground material of Example 4, were treated with the same quantities of water, hydrochloric acid and under the same conditions in the apparatus used in Example 4 The evolution of hydrogen lasted about 3 hours After filtration, a blue solution was obtained which had a reduction value of 97 % and a content of free hydrochloric acid of 3 grams HCI/litre. During a period of observation of two months, the solution remained completely clear and no evolution of gas was observed.


* GB785041 (A)

Description: GB785041 (A) ? 1957-10-23

An electromagnetically specified observation mirror for use on road vehicles


PATENT SPE CIFICATION Inventor:-ALFRED HAROLD YARDLEY. Date of filing Complete Specification: Jan 3, 1956. Application Date: Oct 8, 1954 No 29031 /54. Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Classes 35, G 1 (C D); and 103 ( 2), C 9. International Classification:-H Old. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. An Electromagnetically Specified Observation Mirror for Use on Road Vehicles. We, JOSEPH LUCAS (INDUSTRIES) LIMITED, of Great King Street, in the City of Birmingham, 19, a British Company, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to observation mirrors of the kind employed in the interior of a road vehicle to enable the driver toobserve the road behind him To obviate glare from the head light of a following vehicle at night, it is usual to mount such a mirror pivotally, so that it can be temporarily moved to a position in which it deflects the incident light from a head lamp away from the driver's line of vision The

object of the invention is to provide such a mirror with an electromagnetically operable actuating mechanism in a compact and reliable form. A mechanism in accordance with the invention comprises a solenoid having a spring-loaded iron core which is both reciprocable and rotatable, means whereby with each linear movement of the core a unidirectional angular movement through 90 is imparted to the core, and a crank device for communicating the angular movements of the core to the mirror. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a part sectional side elevation of a mechanism embodying the invention, 3.5 Figure 2 is a plan of one end of the mechanism, and Figure 3 is a cross-section on the line 3.3 of Figure 1. Figure 4 is a plan illustrating the initial form of a plate used to form a part of the lPrice 3 s 6 d l mechanism which effects the required rota 40 tional movements of the solenoid core. Figures 5 and 6 illustrate the mode of action of an observation mirror by the mechanism shown in Figures 1-4. Referring to Figures 1-4, there is mounted 4,5 on a base a a horizontally arranged solenoid which comprises a winding b and an iron core c, the latter being both reciprocable and rotatable within the winding Linear movement of the core in one direction is effected 50 by magnetic attraction, and in the opposite direction by a spring d To obviate interference of the spring with the rotational freedom of the core, an abutment piece e is placed between the adjacent ends of the 55 spring and core, and on the latter is formed a conical end which at its apex bears on the central part of the abutment The solenoid may be mounted in an iron framef. For effecting the required rotational move 60 ments of the core there is secured to the base a at one end of the solenoid winding, a fixed member g This member is made from a rectangular metal plate which initially has the shape shown in Figure 4 In this plate 63 is formed a central vee-slot 1 and two inclined side slots 2, 3, shaped as shown. This plate is then bent so that its central part is shaped to a semi-cylindrical form, and from the ends extend two side lugs h as shown 70 in Figure 3 The member g so formed is secured to the base by screws inserted through the lugs From inspection of Figure 4, it will be noticed that-the apex 4 of one side of the vee-slot 1 is displaced laterally 75 relatively to the transverse centre line which passes through the base 5 of this slot Also the two slots 2, 3, are shorter than the side portions of the vee-slot 1 When the plate 7859041 785,041 is bent to the shape shown in Figure 3, the ends of the vee-slot 1 which merge into the ends of the side slots 2, 3, subtend an angle of 1800 relatively to the axis of the core c.

The slots in the part g are engageable by the projecting ends of a pin i inserted through the core c, and when the core is in its extended position, the ends of the pin occupy the junctions of the side slots and vee-slot as I O shown in Figure 2. On the outer end of the core is formed or secured an eccentric crank pin j which passes through a transverse slot k in a crank arm m on the mirror N to be actuated by reciprocation of the core The mirror N is of rectangular form and is mounted in the front open side of a casing (not shown) in which the mechanism is contained The mirror is pivotally supported in the casing along the -0 edge o as shown in Figures 5 and 6, and the crank arm m is secured to the rear of the mirror, the mechanism being required to swing the mirror about the edge o between two limit positions pl, p 3, as shown in 2.5 Figure 5. Starting with the mirror in its normal position as indicated by pl in Figure 5, the mode of action when it is required to tilt the mirror is as follows:3 O When the mirror is in the said position pl, the solenoid core occupies the extended position to which it has been moved by the spring d, and the ends of the pin i occupy the positions shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3 The solenoid circuit is controlled by a pushbutton switch, and on momentarily closing the switch the core moves inwardly against the action of the spring d During this movement one end of the pin i travels -along one of the side parts of the slot 1 and concurrently the other end travels along the slot 3 In this movement the core is rotated through 900, causing-the mirror to be moved to the position p 2 (Figure 6) At the sametime the said other end of the pin swings out of the slot 3 into a position in the open space between the sides of the part g On releasing the switch, the spring d returns the core to its extended position In this movement one end of the pin travels along the other part of the slot 1, causing the core to rotate through another 90 , and so causing the mirror to be moved to its limit position p 3, (Figure 5) Meanwhile the other end of the pin enters and travels along the slot 2. To return the mirror to its position pl, the the switch is again actuated, causing the core to be rotated, in the same direction as previously, for effecting movement of the mirror through the position p 2, to its original position pl.


* GB785042 (A)

Description: GB785042 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Improvements in or relating to newspaper conveyors


COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. Improvements in or relating to Newspaper Conveyors. We, IGRANIC ELECTRIC COMPANY LIMITED, a British Company, of Elstow Road, Bedford, in the County of Bedfordshire, and HAROLD HERBERT RAPLEY, a British Subject, of "Ivanhoe", 16 Cowper Road, Bedford, in the County of Bedfordshire, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: This invention relates to newspaper conveyors and has for its object the provision of means whereby the newspapers, while on the conveyor may be stacked into batches. The invention consists broadly of a newspaper conveyor system in which a succession of groups of overlapping papers are conveyed on a horizontal belt conveyor with spaces between the adjacent groups, wherein, as each group reaches a given position, two barrier elements are moved laterally into the path of the papers, one before and the other behind such group, and are then relatively moved towards one another so as to cause the overlapping papers to slide together and form a stack. In order that the invention may be the more clearly understood a system in accordance therewith will now be described reference being made to the accompanying drawings wherein: Figure 1 is a somewhat diagrammatic side elevation of the system shown immediately prior to the commencement of a stacking operation; Figure 2 is a similar view of the system shown after the first step in the stacking operation; Figure 3 is a similar view of the system shown at the end of said stacking operation; Figure 4 is an end elevation of one of the parts of the system;

Figure 5 is an electric circuit diagram illustrating electrical control circuits whereby the stacking operations are controlled automatically. Referring to the drawings the papers 1 are conveyed from the press, on a horizontal endless belt conveyor 2, in a series of spaced quires. That is to say one quire of papers in overlapping formation is followed by a short gap of no papers, which is followed by another quire and so on. In the present arrangement, as soon as a quire reaches a given position-viz. the position of the leading quire in Figure 1a horizontal frame 3, which is located underneath the conveyor and which carries two upstanding forked blades 4 and 5 (see also Figure 4) in spaced relation along the conveyor, is raised to the position of Figure 2 so that said two forked blades pass upwards between the belts of the conveyor, the arrangement being such that one of said blades, viz. the blade 4 (hereinafter called the front blade) comes in front of the quire and the other, the blade 5 (hereinafter called the rear blade) behind it. When the frame 3 is at its fully up position it stops and the front blade 4 remains stationary. The rear blade 5 is now moved horizontally forwards relative to said frame, until it is separated from the front blade 4 only by the distance of one paper length as shown in Figure 3, and it will thus be seen that the overlapping papers of the quire are slid on top of each other until they form a vertical stack located between the two vertical blades 4 and 5. When the rear blade 5 reaches its foremost limit, the frame 3 is lowered together with its blades and the rear blade 5 is re turned rearwardly to its starting position, and all is ready for a repetition of the operation when the next quire reaches said given position. It will thus be seen that the quires are formed into a series of spaced vertical stacks which are conveyed along by the conveyor to a point of delivery. For effecting the up and down movement of the frame 3, the same is mounted by means of a bracket 6 on the upper end of a vertical piston rod 7 whose lower end is secured to the piston of an air cylinder 8. Each time a quire reaches the said given position of Figure 1, a light beam 9 is permitted to pass from a source of light 10 through the gap immediately behind said quire and to impinge upon a photoelectric device 11, and said photoelectric device thereupon (see Figure 5) completes a circuit through the winding RW of a relay, said circuit being traced from one mains terminal LI, through pole M1 of manually operated main switch, through said photoelectric device 11, through said relay winding RW, through a normally closed mechanically operated contact C1, and through the other pole M2 of the main switch to the

other mains terminal L2. Said relay therefore closes main contacts R 1 and auxiliary contacts R2. Closure of said auxiIiary contact R2 establishes a maintaining circuit for said winding RW as will be immediately clear from the drawing. Closure of the main relay contacts Rl establishes an energising circuit for a solenoid S1, and this operates a valve (not shown) which allows compressed air to enter the lower end of the cylinder 8 by way of a conduit 12, and to exhaust from the upper end of said cylinder by way of a conduit 13. The piston of said cylinder accordingly raises said frame 3 and blades 4 and 5 to the up position. It will be noted that according to Figure 1, the lift beam 9 strikes the photoelectric device 11 while the rear end of the quire is still vertically above the blade 5 but by the time the blade has moved upwards between the wires of the conveyor the quire has advanced sufficiently to clear said blade. For effecting the horizontal movement of the rear blade 5 a second air cylinder 14 is provided, mounted horizontally in rigidly relation on said frame, and the piston rod 15 of the piston of said second cylinder is attached to said rear blade 5. When the piston rod 7 of the first air cylinder moves into its upper limit a projection 16 thereon mechanically closes a normally open contact C2 which thereby energises a second solenoid S2 (see Figure 5) which operates a valve not shown to allow compressed air to enter said second air cylinder 14 by way of a conduit 15 at its rear end and to exhaust from a conduit 18 at its forward end. The piston of said air cylinder thereby moves said rear blade 5 forwards. When said rear blade 5 reaches the forward limit of its movement a projection 17 on its piston rod 15 engages and opens the aforesaid contact C1 which is connected in the circuit of the relay winding RW. The relay accordingly drops out and de-energises the first solenoid S1 which thereby operates the valve of the first air cylinder 8 to permit the compressed air to flow in through the conduit 13 and exhaust through the conduit 12, so that the frame 3 and its blades 4 and 5 are again lowered. This causes the aforesaid contact C2 to be opened which deenergises the solenoid S2, thereby operating the valve of the second air cylinder to permit compressed air to flow in through the conduit 16 and exhaust through the conduit 15, so that the rear blade 5 is returned rearwardly to its normal position. This will of course reclose the contact C1, but by now, as shown in Figure 3, the next quire will have cut off the light beam 9 from the photoelectric device 11, so that the relay winding RW will not be re-energised until said next quire reaches said given position, whereupon the gap behind it will enable the photoelectric device 11 to be again activated and the

whole cycle will be repeated for stacking said next quire. Obviously other means than compressed air, such for example as electric motors, could be employed for actuating the frame and the rear blade. Further, instead of using a photoelectric device to initiate each cycle of operation, any other device, such for example as a sensitive limit switch responsive to the absence of paper, may be used. In the arrangement above described the forming of the papers into a vertical stack is effected by keeping the front blade stationary and moving the rear blade horizontally forwards. In some cases it may be found better to move the front blade horizontally rearwards at the same time as the rear blade is moved horizontally forwards. What we claim is : - 1. A newspaper conveyor system in which a succession of groups of overlapping papers are conveyed on a horizontal belt conveyor with spaces between the adjacent groups, wherein, as each group reaches a given position, two barrier elements are moved laterally into the path of the papers, one before and the other behind such group, and are then relatively moved towards one another so as to cause the overlapping papers to slide together and form a stack. 2. A system according to Claim 1. wherein said two barrier elements are moved from below upwards into said path.

Law

4631 4635.output