Jordan youth survey mar 2013 eng

Jordan Youth Survey Universities, Community Colleges and High Schools

March 2013

1

Sample and fieldwork

• The Asian Football Development Project, commissioned ‘Strategies Policy Research’ to design, coordinate and analyze this survey. Fieldwork, data entry and analysis was conducted by Accurate Opinion for Public Opinion Measurement Co.

• Fieldwork was conducted between 8 and 14 December 2012, at select Jordanian universities, community colleges and high schools, throughout the Kingdom, among students ages 19-24 & 15-18 respectively.

• The margin of error for the survey does not exceed + 2.5 percent with a confidence level of 95 percent. • Figures in charts and tables may not add to 100 percent due to rounding.

2

Sample and fieldwork

• The fieldwork was conducted between 8 and 14 December 2012, at select Jordanian universities, community colleges and high schools, throughout the Kingdom, among students ages 19-24 & 15-18 respectively:

• 381 university students or 34.7% • 363 community college students 33.1% • 354 high school students 32.2%

• 10th grade 117, 11th 126, Tawjeehi 111

• 497 males or 45.3% • 601 females or 54.7%

3

Measuring Wellbeing

• 18% of youth sample are very happy, 44% are happy. • Almost one third or 31% don’t think or realize that everything in

their life is as it should be or there is a need that is not satisfied or it is simply the lack of knowledge of what makes one happy or unhappy.

• 7% are unhappy and believe that their life is not at all what it should be.

18%

44%

31%

4% 3%

Feel Good

Very Happy

Happy

Neither Nor

Unhappy

Very Unhappy

Base 1098

4

Measuring Wellbeing Almost half of the youth under study determine safety relationships like family and friends as sources of happiness and who seem to occupy the largest space in the life.

28%

20%

18%

15%

9%

4%

1%

6%

0% 20% 40%

Study Problems

Material Difficulties

Difficult Relationships

Family Problems

Discontentment

Transport

Political Conditions

Other

Unhappiness

27%

20%

13%

7%

12%

9%

4%

3%

5%

0% 20% 40%

Family/Parents

Friends/Relationships

University/College

School

Material Wellbeing

Contentment

Religiosity

Good Health

Other

Happiness

Multiple replies open-ended

5

Measuring Wellbeing

27%

15%

14%

10%

7%

6%

5%

2%

8%

7%

0% 20% 40%

Study and Educational Problems

Transport & Traffic

Family Problems

Difficult Relationships

Difficult Material Conditions

Behavior & Outlooks

Waking Up Early

Emotional Problems

Other

None

Daily Stress

Multiple replies open-ended

Almost one quarter of university and college students have problems with family and difficulties in engaging with peers and friends, lacking probably the necessary life skills.

6

22%

12%

14%

10%

15%

8%

3%

16%

0% 20% 40%

Curriculum & Teaching Methods

School Management & Teachers

Teacher -Student Relations

Student-Student Relations

Lack of Discipline & Chaos

Facilities

Other

None

Daily Stress

Measuring Wellbeing

Almost half of high-school students have grievances with regards to curriculum, teaching methods and teaching staff that cause them daily stress.

7

Measuring Education & Academic Choices

72% 54%

65% 57% 53% 52%

24% 30% 26%

28% 45%

32% 41% 46% 48%

75% 70% 74%

1% 3% 2% 1% 1%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

PersonalDesire

ParentsDesire

Ease ofFinding a Job

Good Pay Social Status GraduationMark

Cost of Study FamilyBusiness

EasySpecialization

Yes No Not Sure

The question here is whether academic choice motivations is overwhelming or distracting university and college student choices from ‘real’ personal choices.

8

Base 744

50%

21%

12%

8%

2%

2%

2%

2%

2%

0% 20% 40% 60%

Personal Desire

Graduation Mark

Parents Desire

Ease of Finding a Job

Good Pay

Social Status

Cost of Study

Easy Specialization

Other

Single Most Important Choice Motivation

Base 744

While one in two university/community college students mention ‘personal desire’ as the one single academic choice motivation, however other influencers play an equally important role.

9

Measuring Education & Academic Choices

One in two university/community college student are satisfied with academic choice, however only one in five is satisfied with environment.

52% 37%

5% 6%

Academic Satisfaction

Very Satisfied Somewhat Satisfied Little Satisfied Not at All Satisfied

22%

41%

18%

19%

University/College Environment

10

Measuring Education & Academic Satisfaction

Base 744

While one in two university/college students expect the most important problem to face after graduating is finding a job, the perception is that the most important criteria for finding a job in the public sector is a combination of ‘unequal opportunity’ such as wasta, tribal origin, influence and wealth .

21% 26%

18% 17%

9%

2% 3%

0%

20%

40%

Merit Wasta Tribal Origin Influence Wealth Other NotSure/DK

Public Sector Jobs

11


While one in two university/college students expect the most important problem to face after graduating is finding a job, the perception is that the most important criteria for finding a job in the private sector is a combination of ‘unequal opportunity’ such as wasta, tribal origin, influence and wealth .

12


27% 25%

9% 9%

17%

2% 4%

0%

20%

40%

Merit Wasta Tribal Origin Influence Wealth Other Not Sure/DK

Private Sector Jobs

For high-school students the issues are different at an important juncture in their academic or career life when they make their choices as early as the 10th grade. • Only 2% of students in 10th grade have opted for vocational training

while 98% opted for an academic path. • As many as 87% of high-school students said they needed academic

counseling.

33% 26%

22%

9% 9%

0%

20%

40%

FamilyMembers

Father Mother Teacher Friend

Academic Counseling

13


Similar to university and college students, only one in four of high-school students said they were very satisfied with school environment, while only one third are very satisfied with teaching methods.

24%

52%

16%

8%

Satisfaction with School Environment

Very Satsfied Somewhat Satisfied Little Satisfied Not at All Satisfied

33%

54%

9%

19%

Satisfaction with Teaching Methods

14


Base 354

15


79% 71% 61% 50% 63% 53% 40%

20% 25% 32% 40%

31% 31%

35%

3% 3% 6% 9% 5% 12% 22% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 3% 3%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

TeachersTreat Us with

Respect

TeachersAlways Offer

Help

Teachers AreModels forDedication

TeachersMethods

EncourageLearning

TeachersEncourage

Debate

TeacherEncourageCreativeThinking

TeachersPursue Rote

Learning

High school - Engagement with Teachers

Agree Somewhat Agree Do Not Agree Not At All

• 73% of high-school students consider the teacher to be a role model

• for treating them fairly and with respect, 26%, • for being there to help in study and life matters, 19%, • for his teaching method, 19%, • for his personality and good manners 16%, • for being a good listener, 3%, • for being successful in life, 3% • and finally for his religiosity, 2% among other traits.

• Teachers seem to be regarded as role models for their good qualities as teachers but not for their achievements or success in life. 16


• However, 41% (47% boys and 37% girls) have full trust in their teachers, 52% to some extent and 7% to little extent or have nor trust at all.

• 37% say they confide in them with very personal matters (40% boys and 35% girls) .

• And only 9% seek their advise for career or academic counseling.

The relationship with teachers as the findings exhibit is at best a confused and contradictory one.

17


Measuring Engagement One in four university students approves of political engagement on campus. Similarly, only one in four credits student councils with the capability of offering solutions to students problems.

26%

71%

3%

Approve Political Engagement on Campus

Yes No Not Sure/ Don't Know

26%

64%

10%

Student Councils Can Solve Problems

18 Base 381

Measuring Engagement One in four university students approves of political engagement on campus. Similarly, only one in four credits student councils with the capability of offering solutions to students problems.

26% 71%

3%

Approve Political Engagement on Campus

Yes No Not Sure/ Don't Know34%

10%

7%

2%

34%

3%

8%

1%

0% 20% 40% 60%

Universities are for Study

Ignorance & Lack of PoliticalCulture

No Interest in Politics

Of No Value

Problems, Discrimination andViolence

Fear of Arrest or Repercussions

Other

Not Sure

Opposing Political Engagement at Universities

19 Base 381

Measuring Engagement • 8% ever took part in a campus fight • Motives for taking part: 32% solidarity with friends; 30% tribal

motives; 13% ‘girls’ and 11% intolerance & discrimination…

29%

23%

16% 15%

3% 3%

10%

0%

20%

40%

Girls & GenderRelations

Tribalism Lack ofAwareness

Racism &Intolerance

Free TimebetweenCourses

DiscriminationbetweenStudents

Other

Reasons For Campus Violence

20

Measuring Engagement

36%

14% 14%

5% 4% 5% 5% 2%

9% 5%

0%

20%

40%

RaiseAwareness

StudentDismissal

HarsherPunishment

GenderSegregation

AbolishExceptions

Fill Idleness IncreaseSecurity

NoSolutions

Other Don't Know

Solutions to Campus Violence

• 69% approve of temporary dismissal from university as a disciplinary action but 65% doubt enforcement,

• 42% approve of final dismissal but 67% doubt enforcement • 70% approve of forcing violating students to volunteer for NGOs

but again 69% doubt that it would be enforced.

21

Base 381

Measuring Career Aspirations and Outlooks In the event students would graduate and cannot find a job in their specialization after a period of time, would they accept any job opportunity whatsoever until such time that an opportunity in their specialization presents itself? And what would be an acceptable pay?

59% 26%

13% 3%

Job Opportunities Acceptance

Accept Any Job Until I Get a Job in My SpecializationAccept with Specific BenefitsRather Stay JoblessNot Sure

3%

55%

25%

4%

13%

0%

20%

40%

60%

> JOD 250 250 - 499 500 - 749 750 - 999 1000>

Level of Pay Acceptance

22 Base 1098

Base 280

Job appreciation

73%

49% 46% 45%

42%

31% 30% 27% 26%

20% 19% 19% 17%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Air Steward Factory Worker FastfoodDelivery Driver

Taxi Driver Valet ParkingDriver

HotelHousekeeping

Staff

ConstructionWorker

Bus Driver Waiter Messenger Gas StationWorker

Janitor Car Washer

Work Value & Perceptions MALE University Students

Yes replies

23

Measuring Career Aspirations and Outlooks

Base 334

Job appreciation

47%

36% 33%

28% 28% 26% 25% 25%

23% 20% 19% 18% 17% 17% 17%

15%

3%

0%

20%

40%

60%

FactoryWorker

Carpenter Car Mechanic Farmer Painter HotelHousekeeping

Staff

Cook Messenger ConstructionWorker

Butcher Tiler Gas StationWorker

Janitor Car Washer Waiter Plasterer Barman

Work Value & Perceptions MALE High-School Students

Yes replies

24


Base 163

Job appreciation

56%

48%

34%

26% 25% 24%

9% 5%

2% 0%

20%

40%

60%

Public SectorSecretary

Private SectorSecretary

AirStewardess

Saleswoman Nanny HotelReceptionist

FactorySeamstress

Waitress Cleaner

Work Value & Perceptions ALL FEMALE Students

Yes replies

25


Base 601

Measuring Leisure & Free Time Youth under study fill their free time in pursuing various types of activities, there is the question of vulnerability however, as well as the need to promote social cohesion, acceptance and life skills through more sports and volunteering.

88% 83% 79% 79%

73%

52% 51% 43%

35% 24%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

BrowseInternet

Music TV Chat/SocialMedia

Emails Video Games Sports Read Books Read Blogs Volunteering

Leisure and Free Time

26

Base 1098

Measuring Leisure & Free Time Youth under study fill their free time in pursuing various types of activities

46%

9% 8% 7% 7% 5% 5% 5% 3% 6%

0%

20%

40%

60%

Footbal Jogging Walking Basketball Fitness MMA Swimming Tennis Volleyball Other

Sports

Base 563

27


30%

22%

10% 9% 8% 4% 4% 4%

6%

0%

20%

40%

Drama Films Sports Culture Video Clips Documentary Religious News/Politics Other

Watching TV

Base 871

28


33% 28%

14% 12% 10%

4%

0%

20%

40%

Wrong Notionof Volunteering

Helping Others Charity &VolunteerSocieties

CollectDonations

CleaningCampaigns

Other

Volunteering

Base 266

29


29%

22% 20%

12%

6% 5% 6%

0%

20%

40%

Literature &Poetry

GeneralKnowledge

Religious Do NotRemember

Biography Romance Text Books

Reading

Base 469

30

Measuring Leisure & Free Time • Football remains one of the favorite sports news of which

youth closely follow. • 32% mentioned football, 11% basketball, 10% tennis, 6%

MMA, 6% swimming, 4% volleyball, 2% car racing and 2% running races among other. However 15% of females and 5% of males do not follow up any kind of sports.

• When probed, however, to mention the single most favorite sport football scored a mention of 66% , followed by MMA at 6%, swimming at 6% and basketball at 5% and tennis at 4%.

• 70% say sports facilities are not sufficient or available in their

town or city. • Only 35% believe that the Youth Higher Council and other

sports organizations support Jordanian sport and 26% say Jordanian sport is being supported sufficiently by the private sector.

•

31

Measuring Leisure & Free Time

Following up on sports through various media

46%

54%

Online

YESNO

37%

63%

Print

YESNO

7%

93%

Radio

YESNO

95%

5%

TV

YESNO

5%

95%

Magazines

YESNO

Radio: Rotana FM 24%, Amman 20%, Hala 11%, Fann 7%, Hayat 6%, Ammen 6%, Sawt el Karak 6%, Sawt el Balad 6% Print media: Rai Riyadi 42%, Dustour Riyadi 27%, Al Ghad Tahaddi 25%, Arab el Yawm 5% TV: Al Jazeerah 52%, Jordan 16%, Abu Dhabi 7%, MBC 6% E-sites: Koora 43%, Jazeerah 11%, FB/Twitter 9%, Google 7%, YouTube 4%

32

Measuring Leisure & Free Time • 6% of youth under study are members in any sports clubs in

Jordan. • 30% attended a live sports event in a stadium or sports hall

during the last 12 months (overwhelmingly male).

21% 20% 13% 12%

7% 7% 5% 3% 3% 10%

0%

20%

40%

No time No Interest Not Worth It ParentsObject

No StadiumNear

NotAppropriate

for Girls

Traditions Congestion Rowdyism Other

Reasons for Not Attending Sports Events (70%)

33

Base 766

Measuring Leisure & Free Time However, there are constraints for females going to stadiums.

23%

16% 14% 10%

8% 7% 6% 5% 3% 10%

0%

20%

40%

Traditions MaleBeahviour /Harassment

ParentsDisapprove

MixedGender

Rowdyism Boys'Event Girls Don'tLike Sports

Congestion /Disturbances

No PlaceAssigned for

Females

Other

Constraints for Females Not to Attend Sports Events

34

Measuring Leisure & Free Time

Perceptions of Sports & Outlooks

• 82% agree that sports promotes competition, brings people together and strengthens cohesion

• 83% agree that sports strengthens relations between peoples and cultures

• 79% agree that sports could influence the public in such fashion that affects social cohesion and fabric

• 94% agree that irrespective of emotional outbreak and sports fanaticism, sports should remain protected from divisions, politics and exploitation

• 80% agree that sports negatively influences society because of football riots

• 96% agree that the solution to football riots is by enforcing rules and regulations upon rioters

35

Measuring References and Relationships 83% of youth have someone they confide in and is gender specific…

32% 27%

14% 9%

6% 5% 3% 2% 2% 2% 0%

20%

40%

MaleFriend

FemaleFriend

Mother Sister Cousin Brother Father Lover Husband/ Fiancee

Other

Person Youth Confides In

36 Base 1098

Measuring References and Relationships 94% of youth have someone they enjoy the company of and is also gender specific…

40% 36%

3% 4% 8%

2% 1% 2% 2% 2%

0%

20%

40%

MaleFirend

FemaleFriend


Other

Person Youth Enjoys the Company Of

Base 1098 37

16%

10%

27%

8% 7% 5%

17%

1% 1% 3% 0.2% 2%

0%

20%

40%

MaleFriend

FemaleFriend


Teacher Sheikh /Imam

Other

Person Youth Seek Advice and Guidance From

Base 1098

Measuring References and Relationships

90% of youth have someone they seek advice, and guidance from…

38


Male youth relationship with father…

69%

13%

6%

3% 2% 1%

6%

Male Relationship with Father

A 'relationship of understanding most often’ A ‘relationship of respect which however lacks affection and warmth A ‘relationship that lacks understanding’ A 'relationship based on fear andblind abeyance‘There is no relationship to start with’

A 'relationship that is problematic at best’ Father is dead…

39

Base 497


Youth relationship with male peers…

55%

20%

6%

2% 1%

16%

Relationship with Male Peers

A 'relationship of understanding most often’

A ‘relationship of respect which however lacks affection and warmth

A ‘relationship that lacks understanding’

A 'relationship based on mistrust andsuspicion'

A 'relationship that is problematic at best’

‘There is no relationship to start with’ Base 907 Overwhelmingly female replies

40

57% 19%

4%

3% 1%

14%

Relationship with Female Peers

A 'relationship of understanding most often’

A ‘relationship of respect which however lacks affection and warmth

A ‘relationship that lacks understanding’

A 'relationship based on mistrust andsuspicion'

A 'relationship that is problematic at best’

‘There is no relationship to start with’


Youth relationship with female peers…

Overwhelmingly male replies

41

Base 842

Measuring References and Relationships Youth relationships with family…

Male and female youth hardly discuss with fathers emotional matters, males tend not discuss politics with mothers, both males and much less females open up to brothers on emotional or political matters, and finally males are quite reserved from talking with sisters in emotional, political or economic matters.

I discuss with my… Father Mother Brother Sister Matters relating to studies 58% 70%

64M/76F* 46%

34M/15F 53%

40M/64F

Matters relating to emotional relationships

16% 20 M/12F

49% 45M/52F

23% 34M/15F

42% 24M/58F

Matters relating to politics

58% 55M/61F

40% 30M/50F

33% 29M/37F

27% 15M/37F

Matters relating to family finances 72% 72%

65M/78F 45% 41%

28M/51F

Matters relating to religion 76% 85% 59% 63%

58M/67F

42

*Male/Female Replies

Measuring References and Relationships Youth and importance of relationships…

This shows clearly how much importance the youth attach to family, friends and safety and secure relationships. Politics plays a minor role in the life of youth while the importance of religion is probably an indicator of identity more than religious attachment.

Issues by level of importance …

Very Important Important Somewhat

Important Not

Important Not at All Important

Family 92% 6% 2% *% *%

Friends 66 27 6 1 *

Free time /leisure 39 33 17 9 2

Politics 13 19 22 29 16

Work 68 26 3 2 1

Religion 87 12 1 * *

Service to others 54 33 10 2 1

43

Measuring References and Relationships Youth and role models…

Youth, overwhelmingly identify father, mother or members of family as role models in their life, with friend, lecturer/teacher trailing behind. Interestingly, while religion constitutes the most important factor in their life, next to family, clergy and religious figures are hardly role models nor as we have seen earlier a source of guidance or inspiration.

33%

23%

10% 8%

4% 2% 7% 6%

2% 3% 4% 0%

20%

40%

Father Mother FamilyMember

Brother Sister Parents Lecturer /Teacher

Friends Clergy /Religious

Figure

None Other

Role Models

44

Measuring Welfare, Self and Outlooks Youth, self and society…

Always Sometimes Never Not Sure

I feel tranquil and safe 52% 44% 4% *%

I feel alienated from my environment 10 47 42 -

I feel alienated from my family 7 31 63 -

I feel alienated from my father [males only]

9 25 59 *

I feel alienated from what’s happening in my country

9 41 48 1

I feel at odds with others 6 49 45 -

I feel distressed and bored 21 66 14 -

I am optimistic about my future in general

55 38 7 * 45


How do I honestly feel about myself… %

I am a person that is easily swayed by others 14

I am an emotional person and get quickly agitated 33

I have a point of view on many issues and I can defend it 26

I have no point of view on many issues and I don’t care to have any 1

I learnt to think logically away from blindly imitating others 22

I just argue for the sake of argument and to attract attention 3

Not sure 1

One in two can fend for themselves in terms of having the right attitude, self-esteem and purpose. Another half has also the right attitude to judge oneself with all the limitations and acknowledgement of own personal deficits.

46

Youth, self and society…

The good news is that the majority of youth under study have no problem with anyone becoming their neighbor, however, a small minority has a problem with people who belong to other religions, expatriate labour/emigrants, those who are not from their origin and finally with those who are from a different race.

72%

9%

8%

8% 3%

Level of Acceptance

No problem with anyonebecoming neighbor

Problem with people whobelong to other religions

Problem with expatriatelabour/emigrants

Problem with those who arenot from same origin

Problem with people from adifferent race

47

Measuring Welfare, Self and Outlooks


Morally Not Acceptable

Morally Acceptable

Depends On Case

Honour Killings 81% 5% 14%

Beating children at school 82 6 12

Beating children at home 84 4 12

Beating wife 93 1 6

Beating sister 91 2 7

Beating women in general 93 1 6

Attacking teachers at schools 92 3 5

Attacking university lecturers 94 2 5

Attacking civil servants 95 1 4

Attacking doctors & medical staff 95 1 4

48

Measuring Social Rifts and Identity

YES … %

I believe there are rifts between rich and poor 68

I believe there are rifts between Christians and Muslims 38

I believe there are rifts between East Bank Jordanians and Jordanians of Palestinian origin

58

I believe there are rifts between residents of Amman West and Amman East

38

I believe there are rifts between Amman residents and the residents of the Governorates

53

Rifts are perceived to exist between rich and poor, Christians and Muslims, EastBank Jordanians and Jordanians of Palestinian origin, Amman West and East and Amman and the Governorates. 49


Respondents were probed about their sense of belonging. They feel a sense of belonging to tribe, clan and family, first, Jordan second and Governorate of origin third.

Citizenship, identity and society

45%

10%

44%

Sense of Belonging

Tribe, family andclan - FIRSTGovernorate -THIRDJordan - SECOND

50

Base 1098

Measuring Social Rifts and Identity Citizenship, identity and society

57%

30%

12%

Sense of identity

I am a MuslimfirstI am a JordanianfirstI am an Arabfirst

Base 1098

51


2%

5%

18%

42%

32%

0% 20% 40% 60%

Desperate, angry and lost patience withlife as it is

Not satisfied with life as it is

Neither nor satisfied

Satisfied

Very satisfied with life in Jordan as it is

Life satisfaction

Citizenship, identity and life in Jordan

52 Base 1098

Measuring Social Rifts and Identity Citizenship, identity and pride in country

71%

26%

1% 1% 1%

Very proud to beJordanianProud to beJordanianNot proud

Not sure/Don'tknowNot Jordanian

Base 1098

53

Measuring Social Rifts and Identity Citizenship, identity and pride in country

15% 12% 10% 10%

8% 5% 5% 4% 3% 7%

21%

0%

20%

40%

Jordan Saudi UAE US Palestine Japan Turkey Britain Germany None Other

A country that is near to what one wishes for and emulates

54

Base 1098

Measuring Social Rifts and Identity Most important goal in life

41%

15% 12% 8% 5% 5% 3% 11%

0%

25%

50%

Academicachievment

Preofessionallydustinguished

Marriage andfamily

Finding a job Materialwellbeing andsocial status

Success andhappines

Anentrepreneur

Other

55

Base 1098

Jordan Youth Survey

Project Management Asian Football Development Project

PO Box 3366 Amman 11181 Jordan Contact: Merissa Khurma

AFDP Board Member Cell: +962 798 228 811

Email: [email protected] www.weareasia.com

56 Public Policy Research. Social Marketing PO Box 811 580 Amman 11181 Jordan

Contact: Muin A Khoury + 962 777 750750

Email: [email protected] [email protected]

Project Design, Coordination and Analysis

PO Box 963440 Amman- Jordan Tel: +962 777 621547 Fax: +962 6 5159801

Email: [email protected]

Fieldwork, Data Entry & Analysis

News & Politics

Jordan youth survey mar 2013 eng