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G.SUDHI R

Nuclear politics

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Why do we need nuclear power? Indo US nuclear deal ? Cost of the deal ? Do we really need nuclear power?

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  • 1. G.SUDHIR

2. NPT/NNPT Nuclear NonProliferation Treaty Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT or NNPT) is a treaty to limit the spread of nuclear weapons, opened for signature on July 1, 1968. 3. All signatories, including nuclear weapon states, are committed to : the goal of total nuclear disarmament. non proliferation, 4. Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-BanTreaty This treaty bans all nuclearexplosions in allenvironments, for militaryor civilian purposes. It was adopted by theUnited Nations GeneralAssembly on 10 September1996 but it has not yetentered into force 5. In response toa growingChinesenucleararsenal, Indiaconducted anuclear test in1974. Followingthis, other 6. Since India conducted 5 more tests in May1998, it was subject to international sanctions and isolation for its civil program. 7. Estimated annual Uranium production 300 tonnesEstimated annual Uranium consumption 450 tonnes 8. And, Indias estimated reserve of uranium represents only 1% of the worlds known uranium 9. But why the sudden love ? To keep a check on Russia. A counterweight to China. A reliable partner in a conflicted part ofAsia. Partner in the war against terrorism Exploiting the billion dollar Indianmarket. To restrict Indian support to Iran 12 10. In July 2005, President Bush and Prime MinisterManmohan Singh issued a joint statement announcingtheir intent to negotiate a civil nuclear pact. 13 11. * The agreement not to hinder or interfere with Indias nuclear programme formilitary purposes.* US will help India negotiate with the IAEA for an India-specific fuel supplyagreement.* Washington will support New Delhi develop strategic reserves of nuclear fuel toguard against future disruption of supply.* In case of disruption, US and India will jointly convene a group of friendly suppliercountries to include nations like Russia, France and the UK to pursue such measuresto restore fuel supply.* Both the countries agree to facilitate nuclear trade between themselves in theinterest of respective industries and consumers.India and the US agree to transfer nuclear material, non-nuclear material, equipmentand components.* Any special fissionable material transferred under the agreement shall be lowenriched uranium.* Low enriched uranium can be transfered for use as fuel in reactor experiments andin reactors for conversion or fabrication.* The ambit of the deal include research, development, design, construction,operation, maintenance and use of nuclear reactors, reactor experiments anddecommissioning. 12. * The US will have the right to seek return of nuclear fuel and technology but it willcompensate for the costs incurred as a consequence of such removal.* India can develop strategic reserve of nuclear fuel to guard against any disruptionof supply over the lifetime of its reactors.* Agreement provides for consultations on the circumstances, including changedsecurity environment, before termination of the nuclear cooperation.* Provision for one-year notice period before termination of the agreement.* The US to engage Nuclear Suppliers Group to help India obtain full access to theinternational fuel market, including reliable, uninteruppted and continual access tofuel supplies from firms in several nations.The US will have the right to seek return of nuclear fuel and technology.* In case of return, Washington will compensate New Delhi promptly for the "fairmarket value thereof" and the costs incurred as a consequence of such removal.* Both the countries to set up a Joint Committee for implementation of the civilnuclear agreement and development of further cooperation in this field.* The agreement grants prior consent to reprocess spent fuel.* Sensitive nuclear technology, nuclear facilities and major critical components canbe transferred after amendment to the agreement.* India will establish a new national facility dedicated to reprocessing safeguardednuclear material under IAEA safeguards.* Nuclear material and equipment transferred to India by the US... 13. What are the terms of the deal ? India agrees to separate its civil and military nuclearfacilities. Agreed to place its civil facilities under IAEAsafeguards. India cannot use the technology for military purpose. The companies from U.S and NSG countries will beallowed to build nuclear reactors in India and provide nuclear fuel for its civilian energy program.16 14. Who opposed it in India and why? The national Communist Party The Right wing Bharatiya Janata Party, thecountrys principal opposition party. A principal Left wing party. 17 15. India has to supportall the Internationallaws which theAmericanparliament hasapproved. India should allowUS battle ships toutilize the Indianwaters for its needsif any. 16. Nuclear fuel reprossesing technology was not guarenteed in the deal.In case the deal is cancelled in the future 17. Nuclear Liability Bill 2010 The bill deals with theliabilities in case of apossible nuclear mishap. The bill is necessary toactivate Indo-U.S. CivilianNuclear Agreement. The U.S. companiesrequire the liability bill toget insurance in theirhome state. 18. Clause 6 According to this clause,the maximum financialliability in case a nuclearaccident occurs has beenset at the rupee equivalentof 300 million specialdrawing rights (SDRs)which is equal to $458million (Rs. 2,087 crore). A same kind of law in U.S.has set the financialliability for such accidentat $10.5 billion. 19. Clause 7 The maximumamount payable bythe foreigncompanies will belimited to a meagresum of Rs. 500crore. Remaining amountwill be paid by theIndian government. 20. Number of persons dead=15,000 Total compensation= 500000 lakhs Compensation per person = 3.3 lakhapprox. A train accident= 5 lakhs In recent manglore flight accident = 93 lakhs Mumbai terrorist attack = 5.25 lakhs 21. Clause 17 It allows only theoperator (NPCIL) tosue themanufacturers andsuppliers. Victims will not beable to sue anyone 22. Clause 35 The operator or theresponsible persons incase of a nuclearaccident will undergothe trial underNuclear DamageClaims Commissions. No civil court is giventhe authority. 23. Clause 18 Limits the time tomake a claim within10 years. This is considered tobe too short as theremay be long termdamage due to anuclear accident. 24. Is Nuclear Power THE cheapest ?Cost per unit of :-Thermal power : Rs. 1.05 to 1.75Gas based power : Rs. 1.35 to 2.35Nuclear power :Rs. 2.80 Hydro electricity : one third those of either fossil-fueled(coal or oil) or nuclear power plants,Less than one fourth the cost of gasturbine electricity production 25. We have 1,50,000MW of untappedhydroelctricity . Instead of makingthe deal for 40,000MW , if we co-operate with Nepalwe can generate80,000 MW ofhydroelectricpower. 26. The country has vast reserves of thorium in thebeaches of Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Orissa. They are the 25 %in the world. 27. THANK YOU