Case StudiesCase Studies

Unwritten ConstitutionUnwritten Constitution Political Parties and Political Parties and

Hamilton’s Financial PlanHamilton’s Financial PlanThird PartiesThird PartiesLobby GroupsLobby Groups

Unwritten ConstitutionUnwritten Constitution

DefinitionDefinition Examples:Examples:

– The CabinetThe Cabinet: President’s Advisors: President’s Advisors

– Political PartiesPolitical Parties: (Definition); Democrats : (Definition); Democrats and Republicansand Republicans

– Lobby GroupsLobby Groups: Influence Lawmaking: Influence Lawmaking

– Judicial ReviewJudicial Review: Constitutionality of Laws: Constitutionality of Laws

The CabinetThe Cabinet

Close group of advisors to the Close group of advisors to the President in various areasPresident in various areas

Qualities: Strong, trustworthy, Qualities: Strong, trustworthy, supportive decision makerssupportive decision makers

Duties: research, create policies, Duties: research, create policies, patronage for supporters, inform the patronage for supporters, inform the PresidentPresident

Loose vs. Strict Loose vs. Strict Construction: Hamilton’s Construction: Hamilton’s

Financial PlanFinancial Plan

Federal Assumption of State Debt

Creation of a National Bank

Protective Tariff-

Goals: Establish Stability and Respect from Europe

Political Parties

Significance?

Divides the Nation-why?

Whiskey Rebellion

Special Interest and Special Interest and Lobby GroupsLobby Groups

Attempt to persuade legislators how to voteAttempt to persuade legislators how to vote Use campaign contributions or free “perks”Use campaign contributions or free “perks” Methods questionableMethods questionable Heavily RegulatedHeavily Regulated Solutions???Solutions???

Federal Funding of Elections

Judicial ReviewJudicial Review

Constitution is Supreme Law of the LandConstitution is Supreme Law of the Land

Is Law Constitutional or Unconstitutional?Is Law Constitutional or Unconstitutional?

Development of Development of Political PartiesPolitical Parties

•Federalists

•Democrat-Republicans

•Whigs

•Know-Nothings

•Democrats

•Republicans

•Reform Party

•Independence Party

•Green Party

Then

NowNow

Contemporary Political Contemporary Political PartiesParties

DemocratsDemocrats– Middle ClassMiddle Class– Favor Federal Favor Federal

Intervention to solve Intervention to solve problemsproblems

– Support social programsSupport social programs– Higher Taxes to Support Higher Taxes to Support

ProgramsPrograms– Pro-Common PeoplePro-Common People– Pro-Choice (Abortion)Pro-Choice (Abortion)

RepublicansRepublicans– Upper ClassUpper Class– States should do more States should do more

to solve problemsto solve problems– Decrease spending on Decrease spending on

social programssocial programs– Lower TaxesLower Taxes– Pro-BusinessPro-Business– Pro-Life (Anti-Pro-Life (Anti-

Abortion)Abortion)

Effect of Third Parties on Effect of Third Parties on ElectionsElections

What is a Third Party?What is a Third Party? Examples of Third partiesExamples of Third parties How do they effect elections?How do they effect elections? Elections Where Third parties had a Elections Where Third parties had a

Major Impact:Major Impact:– 1912: Bull Moose Party1912: Bull Moose Party– 1992: Reform Party1992: Reform Party– 2000: Green Party2000: Green Party

Comparison of Comparison of the Federalists and Anti-Federaliststhe Federalists and Anti-Federalists

AdvocatedAdvocated– loose constructionloose construction– stronger central stronger central

GovernmentGovernment– Pro-National Bank Pro-National Bank

and Protective and Protective TariffsTariffs

SupportersSupporters– Wealthy Wealthy

Merchants and Merchants and ManufacturersManufacturers

Federalists

Hamilton and Adams

Federalists

Anti-FederalistsAnti-Federalists

AdvocatedAdvocated– strict strict

constructionconstruction– stronger state stronger state

governmentsgovernments– against national against national

bank and high bank and high tariffstariffs

SupportersSupporters– Common Common

PeoplePeople– small farmerssmall farmers– city laborcity labor

Jefferson and Madison

“Can it be thought that the Constitution intended that for a shade or two of convenience, more or less,

Congress should be authorized to break down the most ancient and fundamental laws of the several states, such

as those against Mortmain, the laws of alienage, the rules of descent, the acts of distribution, the laws of

escheat and forfeiture, the laws of monopoly? Nothing but a necessity invincible by any other means, can

justify such a prostration of laws which constitute the pillars of our whole system of jurisprudence. Will

Congress be too strait-laced to carry the constitution into honest effect, unless they may pass over the foundation-laws of the state-governments for the

slightest convenience to theirs?”