Chemistry

Biomolecules Charbohydrates –

Non- nitrogenous Hydrates of Carbon Composed of Carbon[C] Hydrogen[H]

Oxygen[O] Most Carbohydrates have H and O in ratio

2 : 1

Example : Sugar ,Starch and Cellulose

Charbohydrates

Carbohydrates

Mono Saccharides

Oligo SSaccharid

es

Poly Saccharides

Mono Saccharides

• Simplest Carbohydrates• Cannot be hydrolized into simpler

compounds

Mono Saccharides

Aldose Ketose

Contain Aldehyde Group

Contain Keto Group

Oligo Saccharides• They can be hydrolyzed into a few monosaccharide units

• Their Linkage is called Glycosidic Linkage.

Di-Saccharides

• Sucrose

Tri-Saccharides

• Ralfinose

Tetra-Saccharides

• Stchylose

Poly Saccharides:-• Hydrolyzed to many (100-1000) of mono-saccharides units

Homo Poly Saccharides• Strach, Cellulose

Hetero Poly Saccharides• Inulin

• Inulin

Reducing - Sugars

The Saccharides which reduces Fehling’s Solution nd Tollen’s reagent are reducing sugars

All mono-saccharides are reducing sugars

Non-reducing - Sugars

The Saccharides which do not reduces Fehling’s Solution nd Tollen’s reagent are reducing sugars

Di-saccharides and Poly-Saccharides are non- reducing sugars

Structure Of Glucose

Structure Of Glucose

OH in left side -D Glucose OH in right side -D Glucose Such pair of optical isomer which differ

in configuration only in C1 atom are anomers

Fischer Projection

Anomers

Six membered ring Haworth projection formulae

Pyranose

Test For Glucose

Test For Glucose

Structure Of Fructose