Brazilian Wandering

Spider Phoneutria

Done by :Sumaiah alghamdi 434203445

Submitted to: t. jawahir Alghamdi

Content:

• Classification.• Characteristic.• Defensive posture.• Habitat .• Diet• Male and female .• Reproduction & life cycle• Medical Importance

Introduction :

• Phoneutria, commonly known as Brazilian wandering spiders, armed spiders ("armadeiras", as they are known in Brazilian ), are a genus of aggressive and venomous spiders of potential medical significance to humans.

• Wandering spiders are so-called because they wander the jungle floor at night, rather than residing in a lair or maintaining a web. During the day they hide inside termite mounds, under fallen logs and rocks.

• The Brazilian wandering spiders appear in Guinness World Records from 2010 as the world's most venomous spider.

Classification

• Kingdom: Animalia• Phylum: Arthropoda• Class: Arachnida• Order: Araneae• Family: Ctenidae• Genus: Phoneutria

Characteristic

• The genus Phoneutria (Ancient Greek for "murderess") contains eight scientifically described species , the most notorious being P. fera and

P. nigriventer. • The spiders in the genus can grow to have a

leg span of 13 to 15 cm , Their body length ranges from 17 to 48 mm.

• the largest Phoneutria species have the longest body and the greatest body weight in this group.

Characteristic

Characteristic

They have eight eyes, two of which are large. Brazilian wandering spiders are fast-moving spiders, their legs are strong and spiny and they have distinctive red jaws which they display when angered.

Characteristic

Characteristic

• The presence of a dark linear stripe or stripes on the frontal (dorsal) palps and presence of a single thin black line running anterior-posterior along the dorsal carapace may help identify Phoneutria.

• Other features are the strong ventral marking on the underside of the legs with contrasting dark mid-segments and lighter joints, and the pattern on the ventral (underside) of the abdomen with several rows of black dots, or an overall reddish colour..

Characteristic

الظهري • الخطالبطني • الشكل

Defensive posture

• The characteristic defensive posture with frontal legs held high is an especially good indicator to confirm a specimen is Phoneutria,

• specially alongside correct colour patterns. During the defensive display the body is lifted up into an erect position, the first two pairs of legs are lifted high (revealing the conspicuous black/light-banded pattern on the leg underside), while the spider sways from side to side with hind legs in a cocked position.

Defensive posture

Habitat

• Phoneutria are found in forests from Costa Rica, and throughout South America east of the Andes into northern Argentina, including Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay. Phoneutria fera lives in the middle of the Amazon rainforest, nowhere near the Brazilian banana fields. In fact, Brazil exports very few bananas

Diet

• Adult Brazilian Wandering spiders eat crickets, other large insects, small lizards and mice. Spider lings of this species eat flightless fruit flies and pinhead crickets.

Male and female

• Mature male spiders have swollen bulbs on the end of their palps for mating purpose and this is a useful way to identify whether the spider is male or female.

Reproduction & life cycle

• Brazilian Wandering spiders reproduce by means of eggs, which are packed into silk bundles called egg sacs. The male spider must (in most cases) make a timely departure after mating to escape before the females normal predatory instincts return.

• Once the sperm is inside the female spider, she stores it in a chamber and only uses it during the egg-laying process, The Brazilian Wandering spider's life cycle is 1 – 2 years.

• they mates during the dry season from April to June, which leads to frequent observations of the species during this time

Reproduction & life cycle

Reproduction & life cycle

Medical Importance

• Bites from the Brazilian Wandering spider may result in only a couple of painful pinpricks to full-blown envenomed. In either case, people bitten by this spider should seek immediate emergency treatment as the venom is possibly life threatening.

• It produces 1.069 mg of venom a day and it takes just a fraction of that amount to kill a human.

Medical Importance

• Brazilian wandering spiders' venom is a complex cocktail of toxins, proteins and peptides. The venom affects ion channels and chemical receptors in victims' neuromuscular systems. Phoneutria fera being the most venomous. Venomous cause a progression of intense pain, inflammation, loss of muscle control, breathing problems, paralysis and asphyxiation.

• If the venom doesn’t kill you, the looks can certainly be paralyzing.

Medical Importance

Control

References:• https://animalcorner.co.uk/animals/brazilian

-wandering-spider/• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_wande

ring_spider

Thanks