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1
GOOD MORNING
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CONNECTIVE TISSUE
CHECKED BY: PRESENTED BY:DR. NEHA MAHAJAN DR. VIRSHALI GUPTA PG.1ST YEAR
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CONTENTS INTRODUCTIONDEFINITIONORIGINFEATURES - a. MATRIX b. FIBRES c. CELLSCLASSIFICATIONFUNCTIONSDISORDERS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUECONCLUSIONREFRENCES
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WHAT IS CONNECTIVE TISSUE??Connective tissue is the group of tissues
that fills the interstices b/w more specialised elements & serves to hold them together & support them. BY- ‘’GP PAL 3rd edition’’
Defined as that group of tissues predominantly composed of intercellular matrix , secreted mainly by its cells which are therefore , usually widely spread.
BY – ‘’HAMS 9th edition’’
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ORIGIN OF CELLS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
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FEATURES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
CONSISTS OF 2 BASIC COMPONENTS
CELLS MATRIX
FIBERS GROUND
SUBSTANCE
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FIBERS
COLLAGEN FIBERS
RETICULAR FIBERS
ELASTIC FIBERS
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FIBERS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
COLLAGENFIBERS
RETICULAR FIBERS
ELASTIC FIBERS
OXYTALAN FIBERS
DIAMETER
2-10nm 0.5 -2µm 0.1-2µm 0.2-1.5µm
LOCATION Walls of blood vessels
Developing matrices of dentin & pulp
Lungs & large arterioles
PDL, gums, dental pulp
COURSE Run in bundles which may branch and anastomose with neighbouring bundles.
Mesh like pattern or network.
Run singly & branch to form network.
3D meshwork extends from cementum to peripheral blood vessels.
OTHER NAME
White fibers Argyrophilic fibers
Yellow fibers
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SYNTHESIS OF COLLAGEN FIBERS
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MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT COLLAGEN TYPES
COLLAGEN TYPE
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION
SITE OF SYNTHESIS
MAIN FUNCTION
1 DERMIS, BONE, TENDON, DENTIN, SCLERA, PDL, LAMINA PROPRIA
FIBROBLAST, OSTEOBLAST, ODONTOBLAST, CHONDROBLAST
RESISTANCE TO TENSION
11 HYALNE AND ELASTIC CARTILAGES
CHONDROBLAST RESISTANCE TO INTERMEDIATE PRESSURE
111 SMOOTH MUSCLE, SPLEEN, LIVER, KIDNEY , LUNG, PDL, LAMINA PROPRIA
SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, FIBROBLAST, RETICULAR CELLS
STRUCTURAL MAINTAINANCE IN EXPANSIBLE ORGANS
1V EPITHELIAL AND ENDOTHELIAL BASAL LAMINAE AND BASEMEMENT MEMBRANES
ENDOTHELIAL CELLS, EPITHELIAL CELLS, MUSCLE CELLS
SUPPORT AND FILTRATION
V MUSCLE BASAL LAMINAE, PDL
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CELLS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE2 TYPES
FIXED CELLS(LONG- LIVED)
• FIBROBLASTS• FAT CELLS• PIGMENT CELLS• PERICYTES• MYOFIBROBLAST
S
FREE CELLS(SHORT- LIVED)• EOSINOPHILS• NEUTROPHILS• MONOCYTES• LYMPHOCYTES• MAST CELLS• PLASMA CELLS
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CELL TYPE MAIN PRODUCT OR ACTIVITY
MAIN FUNCTION
FIBROBLASTS, CHONDROBLASTS, OSTEOBLASTS, ODONTOBLASTS
PRODUCTION OF FIBERS AND GROUND SUBSTANCE
STRUCTURAL
PLASMA CELL PRODUCTION OF ANTIBODIES
IMMUNOLOGIC
LYMPHOCYTE PRODUCTION OF IMMUNE CELLS
IMMUNOLOGIC
EOSINOPHILIC LEUKOCYTE
PHAGOCYTOSIS OF ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEX
IMMUNOLOGIC
MACROPHAGE, NEUTROPHIL
PHAGOCYTOSIS OF FOREIGN SUBSTANCES, BACTERIA
DEFENSE
MAST CELL, BASOPHIL LIBERATION OF PHARMACOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES (HISTAMINE)
DEFENSE
ADIPOSE CELL STORAGE OF NEUTRAL FATS ENERGY RESERVOIR, HEAT PRODUCTION
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DIAGRAM SHOWING CELLS AND FIBRES OF CONNECTIVE FIBERS
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GROUND SUBSTANCEOccupies the space b/w the cells & fibers.The enzyme hyaluronidase increase the
fluidity of ground substance.Consists of:
proteoglycans glycosaminoglycansThese are responsible for physical
properties of ground substance.Granular in appearance.Consistency: varies, fluid to gel.
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CLASSIFICATION OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER
A. EMBRYONAL CTi.Mesenchymal
ii. Mucous
B. REGULAR CTi. Loose CTii. Dense CT
C. SPECIAL FORMSi . Elastic
ii. Adiposeiii. Reticular
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CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER
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EMBRYONIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE It consist of two varieties 1.mesenchymal and 2.
mucous . Present for most of the parts during embryonic and
foetal development.When present post- natally , associated with healing of
injured tissue or tumorous lesion.Made up of small cells with slender branching processes
that join to form a fine network.
MESENCHYMAL CELLS
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CARTILAGE Type of connective tissue composed of special
cells known as chondrocytes along with collagen or yellow elastic fibers.
Types –Hyaline FibrousElastic
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BONE COMPACT BONE SPONGY BONEOTHER NAME CORTICAL BONE TRABECULAE BONEDENSITY COMPACT POROUSLOCATION OUTER BONE INNER BONEFUNCTIONAL UNIT OSTEON TRABECULAE
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DENTIN3 TYPES- PRIMARY SECONDARY TERTIARY
CEMENTUM – 2 TYPES ACELLULAR CELLULAR
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FUNCTIONS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE SUPPORT- To epithelium e.g.: lamina propria.STRENGTH- Provides tensile strength to mechanical
stress e.g.: dermis of skin , ligament. STORAGE- Fat cells store fat while ground substance
store water , ions and inorganic materials.TRANSPORT- Water, ions and inorganic materials are
transported from blood to various tissues of body through connective tissue matrix.
PACKING- They fill spaces e.g.: loose connective tissue and adipose tissue.
REPAIR- Helps in wound healingDEFENSE- Cells helps in defense action e.g.: plasma
cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils.
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GINGIVAL CONNECTIVE TISSUEThe gingival connective tissue provides
strength to gums and make the gums to cement root and alveolar bone.
The dense gingival connective tissue is referred to as a lamina propria.
Consists of 2 layers:
Papillary layer reticular layer
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HOW EPITHELIUM CONNECTS WITH CONNECTIVE TISSUE ??
STRUCTURE OF BASEMENT MEMBRANE
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DISORDERS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUEMARFAN’S SYNDROME –
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SCURVYDeficiency of vitamin CCharacteristic features: Bleeding gums, loosening of teeth with
grade 1 – 2 mobility , gingivitis n sometimes bluish pigmentation.
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EHLERS- DANLOS SYNDROMESkin hyperextensibility. Joint hypermobility.Tissue fragility.
SCLERODEMADifficulty in opening mouth due to involvement of
perioral skin.
PEMPHIGUSBlisters in mouth which erupts later.Blisters are painful, but don’t itch.Difficulty in swallowing.
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SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX
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CONCLUSIONBasic tissue of the body.Includes fat, cartilage, bone and blood.Provides support, fills the spaces
between organs, protecting organs and aiding in the transport of materials around the body.
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REFERENCESTextbook of histology GP Pal 3rd edition.Textbook of human histology 3rd edition by
Inderbir Singh.Tencate’s oral histology.Ham’s histology 9th edition by David.Textbook of oral histology & embryology
(orban’s) 12th edition by GS Kumar.Textbook of oral histology by D.Vincent
Provenza 2nd edition.
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