Low-carbondevelopmentofthebeefcattlesectorin

UruguayCGIAR– CCAFS– ILRI

COP22Sideevent:November7th,2016WalterOyhantҫabal

DirectoroftheSustainabilityandClimateChangeUnitMinistryofLivestock,AgricultureandFishery- Uruguay

◌التیر

• Uruguayisalivestockcountrywithaneconomystronglybasedontheagriculturalsector(70%ofallexports).

On the path ofgrowthUruguayhas3.4million inhabitants

andfeeds 32millions

Context:simultaneous targetshave tobeachieved

1. Morefood.

2. Less environmental footprint.

3. Mitigation andadaptation of/toCC.

EmisionesdeGasesdeEfectoInvernaderodirecto–porsector(2010)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Agricultura Energía Desechos ProcesosIndustriales

75.4

17.3

5.81.5

%emisiones

MAINSOURCESOFEMISSIONS

Uruguay´s iNDC:proposed mitigation targetsinterms ofemissions intensity inthe beef sector

(perkgbeef)

2030vs.1990own effort

2030 vs1990with MOI

2010vs1990

CH4 33%less 46%less 23%less

N2O 31%less 41%less 28%less

Q1:Uruguayexperiencesinimprovingactivitydata,emissionfactorsandcoordinationtobest

capturemitigationimpacts

• · Innovationsusedtogetactivitydatatocapturemitigationinthelivestocksector.

• · Datasourcesthatalreadyexisted?Newdatacollected?

• · Doyouuseproductionsystem-levelapproaches?

National Livestock Information System

Highquality livestock statistics system

100%traceability ofthe cattle herd,with electronic andvisualtags

Annual electronic sword declararationby all farmers

• Stock:number ofheads by category =AD

• Land useDiet,asbasis for estimatingsub-national EF

Emissions =ADxEF

BEEFHERDCOMPOSITION(annualelectronicsworddeclaration)

Dep

artamen

to/Seccion

po

licial

DICOSE

Bulls

Breeding

cows

(mated

)

Cowsfor

fatten

ing

Steersoldier

than

3years

Steerswith

2-3years

Steerswith

1-2years

Heifers

oldierth

an2

yearsno

tmated

Heiferswith

1-2years

Malean

dfemale

calves

Total

numbe

rof

anim

als

Mortality

Hum

an

consum

ption

Births

0308 030800257 16 453 54 0 0 100 139 106 229 1097 61 0 2290308 030800338 5 173 0 30 84 33 28 25 19 397 10 0 650308 030800648 20 670 0 0 0 6 77 104 305 1182 12 0 2890308 030800699 3 98 0 0 0 0 2 29 28 160 0 0 440308 030800982 1 26 0 0 0 0 0 2 46 75 3 0 290308 030801121 7 187 0 10 12 15 41 51 113 436 1 0 1130308 030801288 0 4 0 1 1 1 3 0 3 13 0 0 30308 030801504 58 771 0 47 23 40 9 168 543 1659 45 0 4040308 030802624 1 79 0 11 15 25 0 0 56 187 0 0 550308 030803043 26 956 43 0 75 460 0 306 695 2561 18 0 495

Source: DICOSE, 2012

Source: DICOSE, 2012

DISTRIBUTIONOFBEEFCATTLEHERDANDPASTURERESOURCESBYECOREGION

Uruguaybeefcattleherd:10.8millionhead

Trackinganimalmovements

·Whatinnovationshaveyouusedtogetemissionfactorsforlowemissionsproductionsystems?

IPCCTier 2method for Entericfermentation andN2O

• Using spatially disaggregated information on cattle herdby category anddiet quality andcomposition.

• C-SEFfor enteric fermentation,including Tier 2MCF

• Tier 2N2Ofrom manure on grasslands

• UseofFAOSTATtools for QA/QC

• GLEAMmodel under calibration

Uruguayis working with FAOtodevelopandvalidate Tier 2models (GLEAM)

• GLEAMisamodellingframeworkthatsimulatestheenvironmentalimpactsofthelivestocksector. Itrepresentsthebio-physicalprocessesandactivities along livestockproductionchainsunderalifecycleassessmentapproach.

URUGUAYCANCALCULATEAVERAGEWEIGHTEDEFFACTORSFORENTERICMETHANE(BEEFCATTLE)KGCH4/HEAD/YEAR,BYCATEGORYANDTYPEOFPODUCTIONSYSTEM,

Category ProductionSystem Enteric,CH4 KgCH4.head.year

BreedingfemalesCow-calf 97Completecycle1 97Completecycle2 98

BreedingmalesCow-calf 95Completecycle1 95Completecycle2 95

ReplacementheifersCow-calf 47Completecycle1 47Completecycle2 47

ReplacementmalesCow-calf 69Completecycle1 69Completecycle2 70

Heifersforfattening

Completecycle1 73Completecycle2 74Rearingphase 32Finishingphaseonnaturalgrassland 63

Steers2-3years

Completecycle1 76Completecycle2 76Rearingphase 38Finishingphaseonimprovedgrassland 59

Steersolderthan3years

Completecycle1 85Completecycle2 85Rearingphase 38Finishingphaseonnaturalgrassland 75

CONTRIBUTIONOFPRODUCTIONPHASESTOENTERICCH4EMISSIONS

SUMMARYOFFEATURESOFBEEFEMISSIONS

o Main sources: enteric CH4 and nitrous oxide from manureo Pasture-based systems (cow-calf and complete cycle systems) contribute bulk

of emissions o Key drivers of emissions and emission intensity

• Breeding systemü Inadequate and poor nutrition: quality, seasonality

ü Poor reproductive efficiency: low fertility, low weaning rates, high AFC

ü Large breeding overhead

ü Low adoption of improved management practices

• Rearing and finishing ü Long and inefficient rearing and finishing periods

o Large variability of emission intensity between and within systems

Q3:· HowdoesUruguaycoordinatescollectionofdata?Aggregatingacrosslocalleveladministration?Coordinatingprojectsandnationalefforts?Acrossuniversities,privatesectorcompaniesandthepublicsector/government?

Goals for the climate smart projectwith GEF-FAOinUruguay

• Tomitigateclimatechangewhileincreasingproductivityandresilience.

• PrepareaNAMA anddevelopMRV tools toscale-up.

Strategy

REDUCINGENTERICMETHANEEMISSIONSINTENSITYTHROUGHIMPROVEDPRODUCTIONEFFICIENCYANDPRODUTIVITYOFCATTLEINBEEF

PRODUCTIONSYSTEMSINURUGUAY

PRODUCTIVITY GAP

141% 116%

128%

1. Increasing forage allowance: 90% herd is managed on natural pastures

bettermanagementofforageresourcesbymatchingavailableforageresourcestoanimalrequirements

2. Inter-seeding pasture with grass legumes

3. Sowing grass legume mixtures and annual fodder crops

improvingquantityandqualityofthebasaldiet- nativepasturesoversownwithlegumestoincreasepastureyieldandquality

4.Strategicfeeding&supplementation• winterandsummer

supplementation• Dietaryflushing

overcomewinterandsummerdeficits- addressenergyandproteinconstraintsduringperiodsoflowavailabilityandquality

5. Controlled breeding: defined mating season

timingofmatingtomatchnutritionalrequirementsofherdtotheseasonalpasturesupplypattern

6.Genetics:• Heterosis, new breeds,

genetic improvement

geneticmanagementtoimprovereproductivetraits

SELECTED INTERVENTIONS FOR URUGUAY

CONCLUSIONS

o AnumberofpracticesareavailablewhichhavepotentialtoreduceEIrelativetobaselinepractices.

o Potentialtoreduceemissionintensityrangesfrom23%- 47%ofthebaselineemissions.ü AlignswithUruguay’sINDCcommitment:reductionofemissionintensityby33%

o Strongsynergieswithgainsinproductivitygainsandprofitabilityo Despitethis,rateofadoptionofthesetechnologiesisstillatlow

• needtoquantifyotherbenefits:carbonsequestration,increasedgrasslandproductivity,biodiversity,increasedresilience

• testingonthegroundrequired:tobetterunderstandbarrierstouptake,costsofimplementation,

• agro-technologiesarehighlylocationspecific,technologytargetingintermsofecologicalconditions,socio-economicconditionoffarmers

Thank you!