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toxicology
4
Routes of absorption
Dermal route Gastrointestinal tract route
Respiratory route
• 0ther routes of absorption
IntraperitonialIntramuscularIntravenousSubcutaneousConjunctive instillationRectal
iv > inhale > ip > im > ingest > topical
skin surface area 1.5-2 m2Distance from blood vessels:100 micronsSkin thickness 3mm
Brick and mortar model of stratum corneum
Penetration rate In various parts of body
Skin areaTemperatureNature of exposure(vapour deposition
compared to direct liquid contact, formulation)
Thickness of horny layerDamage to skinCo-exposure of other
solvants(acetonitrile,dimethylsulfoxide)
Concentration of toxicantExposure duration
AmmoniaCalcium oxide ChlorinePhosphorusHclH2so4Boric acidDetergentsChromium
CobaltAbietic acid