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Ecological Marine Units:A New Public-Private Partnership for the Global Ocean
Monterey Bay GIS User Group
Stanford U. Hopkins Marine Station
Pacific Grove, CA, May 25, 2017
Dawn Wright, Chief Scientist, Environmental Systems Research Institute (aka Esri)
Affiliated Professor, Oregon State University
Roger Sayre, USGS Senior Scientist for Ecosystems, Climate and Land Use Change
Sean Breyer, Esri ArcGIS Content Program Manager
GEOSS Task EC-01-C1 (2014) / GI-14 GECO (2016)
Global Ecosystem Classification and Mapping
• Develop a standardized, robust, and practical global ecosystems
classification and map for the planet’s terrestrial, freshwater,
and marine ecosystems.
• Dr. Roger Sayre, USGS, Task Lead
• Esri is a partner, engaged in producing and hosting the content
• Secretary Sally Jewell at the GEO 2015 Plenary in Mexico City:
“The US Geological Survey and Esri will develop a new map of
standardized global marine ecosystems”
Terrestrial Effort: Ecological Land Units (ELUs)
Land Cover
Lithology
Landform
Bioclimate Example: Warm Wet Plains on Metamorphic Rock
with Mostly Deciduous Forest
48,872 Combinations (Facets)
3,923 Unique Land Units/Colors
www.aag.org/global_ecosystems
esriurl.com/elu
esriurl.com/ecotapestry
esriurl.com/landscape
Ecological Marine Units (EMUs)
Who wants one?
GEO & GEOSS (GEO BON MBON, GECO)
Global Ocean Refuge System (GLORES)
IUCN, WWF, CI, Mission Blue Sylvia Earle
Alliance
FAO and ICES
OOI and IOOS/GOOS
Essential Ocean Variables community (e.g.,
World Climate Research Program)
Researchers
Educators
Local agencies who want the global context
Natl science agencies
Editors of textbooks
Why?
• Ecosystem Health, Resilience, Ecosystem Goods & Services;
Ecosystem Services Valuation
• Nature Conservation Reporting
• Conservation planning
• Ecosystem Classification
• Ecosystem Based Management
• Fisheries Management
• Marine Data Management
• Indicating Species Distributions
• Explaining and Understanding Nature
• Risk Reduction
• Context: Local related to Global
• System Connectivity
EMUs:
• cover all the ocean
• are 3D
• are based on best available data
• are independent of political,
social and economic influence
• Promote further understanding of
how the environment structures
biodiversity (including fisheries,
threatened species, etc.)
How is this different from what exists?
Graphic courtesy of Mark Costello et al., U. of Auckland, New Zealand
Based on NOAA’s World Ocean Atlas 2013 v. 2
Nitrate
Silicate
Phosphate
Temperature*
Salinity
Dissolved Oxygen
e.g., *Locarnini, R.A., A.V. Mishonov, J.I. Antonov, T.P. Boyer, H.E. Garcia, O.K. Baranova, and others. 2013. World Ocean Atlas 2013 version 2 (WOA13 V2), Volume 1: Temperature. In: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information S. Levitus, ed, and A. Mishonov, technical ed, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 73, doi:10.7289/V55X26VD, www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa13/
0 m
5500 m 100 m
100 m
5 m
10 m
25 m
EMU 3D Point Mesh Framework
UnitTop
SurfaceArea
5500 m
100 m
100 m
5 m
10 m
25 m
0 m
-5500 m
Feature AttributesDepth_Level
Temperature
Salinity
Dissolved Oxygen
Nitrate
Silicate
Phosphate
MODIS Ocean Color
PointID
QuarterID
UnitTop (m)
UnitMiddle (m)
UnitBottom (m)
Thickness (m)
ThicknessPos (m)
EMUID
EMU Name
GeomorphologyBase
GeomorphologyFeatures
SurfaceArea
Volume, SpecialCases
0 m
UnitBottom
Unit Middle
Th
ickn
ess
Volume
World Ocean Atlas EMUPoints
• K-means statistical clustering
• Backwards stepwise discriminant analysis
• Pseudo F-statistic 37 clusters
• Canonical discriminant analysis
EMU 13 Summary
Technical Name:
• Bathypelagic
• Very Cold
• Euhaline
• Hypoxic
• High Nitrate
• Medium Phosphate
• High Silicate
Common Name:
• Deep
• Very Cold
• Normal Salinity
• Low Oxygen
• High Nitrate
• Medium Phosphate
• High Silicate
EMU 13 Summary
Technical Name:
• Bathypelagic
• Very Cold
• Euhaline
• Hypoxic
• High Nitrate
• Medium Phosphate
• High Silicate
Common Name:
• Deep
• Very Cold
• Normal Salinity
• Low Oxygen
• High Nitrate
• Medium Phosphate
• High Silicate
Web A
pp
livingatlas.arcgis.com/emu
Mobile
App
App Store (iOS) or Google Play (Android)
Do Our Depth Findings Support
Traditional Ocean Zonation Concepts?
Figure courtesy of Paul R. Pinet, Invitation to Oceanography, 5th ed., Jones and Bartlett Publishers
Paper for peer-reviewed journal OceanographyFull Title:
A Three-Dimensional Mapping of the Ocean Based on Environmental Data
Short title:
A 3D Mapping of the Global Oceans
Author List
Roger G. Sayre1, Dawn J. Wright2, Sean P. Breyer2, Kevin A. Butler2, Keith Van Graafeiland2, Mark J. Costello3,
Peter T. Harris4, Kathleen L. Goodin5, John M. Guinotte6, Zeenatul Basher1, Maria T. Kavanaugh7, Patrick N.
Halpin8, Mark E. Monaco9, Noel Cressie10, Peter Aniello2, Charles E. Frye2, and Drew Stephens2.
1Land Change Science Program, United States Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, United States of America2Esri, Redlands, California, United States of America3Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand4GRID-Arendal, Arendal, Norway5NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America6United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Denver, Colorado, United States of America7Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States of America8Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America9National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America10National Institute for Applied Statistics Research Australia, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
Ecological Marine Units (EMUs) at Depth
-400m
0m
-1200m
-2400m
-200m
-800m
-1800m
-3800m
Visualizing EMUs (Video)
www.esri.com/ecological-marine-units
Dissolved Oxygen
Ocean Currents
Barnier et al. Ocean Dynamics, 56: 543-567, 2006.
www.esri.com/ecological-marine-units
3D Fence or Curtain Diagrams esriurl.com/3dfence
esriurl.com/3dfence
geonet.esri.com/groups/ecological-marine-units
Next Stages
ADDITIONAL DATA
On the Surface
OBIS
More ocean color
In Water Column
**Seasonal TEMPORAL WOA data
Particulate Organic Carbon
OBIS
On the Seafloor
Reef/Vents features
Sediment sizes
**In Your Own Study Area with higher-rez data
TOOLS
Viewer Tools
3D Web Viewer
3D Cross Section (Fence)*
Analysis Tools
Compare Multiple Locations
Multidimensional Range Slider
3D Kriging
3D Geo Enrichment
Next Set of Global Ecosystem Maps: ECUs and EFUs
Ecological Coastal Units (ECUs) Ecological Freshwater Units (EFUs)
www.esri.com/ecological-marine-units
esriurl.com/emudata
geonet.esri.com/groups/ecological-marine-units
www.aag.org/cs/global_marine_ecosystems
Sayre et al., 2017, Oceanography, 30(1): 90-103.
Nature News feature, 3 January 2017
Dawn Wright, [email protected], @deepseadawn esriurl.com/ucocean2017