Empowering End-Users to Collaboratively Structure Knowledge-Intensive Processes

Software Engineering for Business Information Systems (sebis) Department of InformaticsTechnische Universität München, Germany

wwwmatthes.in.tum.de

Empowering End-Users to Collaboratively Structure Knowledge-Intensive ProcessesMatheus Hauder, 25th May 2016, Technische Universität München

http://wwwmatthes.in.tum.de/


Knowledge work is becoming increasingly important

© sebisEmpowering End-Users to Collaboratively Structure Knowledge-Intensive Processes 2

Di C

icci

o et

al.

2014

Mod

elin

g,

cont

rol a

nd a

utom

atio

n

Highly predictable and repeatable

Unpredictable and non repeatable

Low flexibility

High flexibility

Structured

Structured with ad hoc

exceptions

Unstructured with pre-defined

segements

Loosely structured

Unstructured

Know

ledge-intensive Processes (K

iPs)

Research objective: Develop a solution that allows non-experts to structure and execute KiPs.

Becoming more important due to automation and outsourcing of simple jobs

More than half of the processes in organizations of highly developed countries

Productivity is the biggest management challenge of the 21st century

Missing software support due to unpredictable characteristic

Framework describing constituents of KiPs


PhD student

Writing Publications

Analyze datasets

Make controlled experiments

Develope prototype TeachingCreate slides and exercises

Prepare exam

Organize lectures

Organizing workshops

Make room booking

Prepare catering

Invite participants

Supervising students

Meet with student

Sign intellectual property formular

Register student thesis

Data Logic

Work Template A

Process OwnerInteraction

Common Tasks

Context A

Task 1 of A

Work Plan A

Task 2 of A

Task 3 of A

100%

70%

100%

July 15‘ December 15‘November 15‘October 15‘August 15‘

TODAY

90%

Data Logic

Work Template B


Common Tasks

Context B

Task 1 of B

Work Plan B

Task 2 of B

Task 3 of B

100%

25%


TODAY

50%

25%

Data Logic

Work Template D


Common Tasks

Context D

Task 1 of D

Work Plan D

Task 2 of D

Task 3 of D

100%

100%

100%


TODAY

100%Knowledge

worker

Data Logic

Work Template C


Common Tasks

Context C

Task 1 of C

Work Plan C

Task 2 of C

Task 3 of C

10%

50%

60%


TODAY

40%

Applied design science process in this thesis


Identify problem & motivation

Define problem

Section 1

Define objectives of

a solution

What would a better artifact accomplish?

Section 2

Design & Development

Artifact

Section 3

Section 4

Demon-stration

Find suitable context(s) and solve problems

Section 5

Evaluation

Oberserve how efficient and

effective

Section 6

Infe

renc

e

Theo

ry

How

to k

now

ledg

e

Ana

lysi

s kn

owle

dge

Section 7

Pef

fers

et a

l. 20

07

Framework Design Implementation

Literature review on research

challenges

Identification of 30

requirements from literature

Development of the Darwin

prototype

3 case studies completed with

Darwin

Controlled experiment

with 173 participants

Extension of the Hybrid Wiki approach to support KiPs


Authors

Tailors

Work Template

Work Plan

Process StructureData Structure

Attribute A

Attribute B

Attribute C

Attribute D

Attribute E

Attribute F

Work templates emerge from data, tasks andrelationships

Work plans can beinstantiated from templates

and adapted with new elements

Stage model for the evolution of work templates


Authors Tailors

work plan work template

Stage I

tasks & attributes

Stage lI

types

Stage lIl

definitions

Stage lV

rules &constraints

Stage V

strict & rigid

tunstructured

lightlystructured

heavilystructured

Proposed structuring elements on a wiki page


Attributes

Timeline

Types

Tasks

Social feed supports collaboration in KiPs


Mobile interface of the solution for a smartphone


Conceptual data model to support KiPs


Relationship between tasks and attributes


User Interface Different UI’s for mobile

and desktop Tailors use an additional

interactive CMMN editor

REST API Interaction with backend

only through json Strict unidirectional

seperation between controllers and models

Database Support for dynamic

schemas through MonogoDB

Technical architecture


MongoDB

Generic Mobile Tailored

Models

REST API

Visitors Authors Tailors

editingreading

Salat

dependency

Controllers

Evaluation design and questionnaire 43 teams with 173 students developing web applications splitted into two groups Productive use of the system from 13th April to 8th July: www.seba-master.de First group uses Darwin for the submission and second group e-mail Filtered responses of students that used the system less than three times

Setup of the controlled experiment with n = 173


Exercise 1 Exercise 2 Exercise 3 Exercise 4

http://www.seba-master.de/

Results of the controlled software experiment


Variable 1: Flexibility Variable 2: Structure

Results of the main study: 14.1% improvement of the flexibility without deteriorating the structure

Collaboration

Progress visualization

Work allocation

GuidanceEfficiency

Effectivity

Reproducibility

0

5

E-Mail

DARWIN

Exception handling

Information structure

Creativity

Incremental improvements

Self-organization

Autonomy

0

5

E-Mail

DARWIN

Evaluation design and questionnaire 69 students that were already familiar with the desktop version Usability test took place over two days in small slots of about 20 minutes Participants were asked to perform five typical tasks in the mobile application Usage of think-aloud protocol and observation of user behavior

Setup of the usability test with n = 69


Evaluated tasks1. Commenting an existing entry in

the social feed2. Navigating to a wiki page3. Creating a new task4. Navigating to the task overview5. Finishing the created task

Results of the usability test


System Usability Score (SUS) result of 67.57 for the mobile client SUS gives indications about a product‘s usability It is calculated with the responds of the 10 item questionnaire Score ranges from 0 to 100 where a score above 50 is ok Different interpretations of SUS score in terms of product usability

Aaron Bangor, Philip Kortum, and James Miller. Determining what individual sus scores mean: Adding an adjective rating scale, 2009

67.57

Conclusion and critical reflection


Conclusion Non-experts without knowledge in process modelling are able to structure KiPs Results can be used to provide more flexible case management solutions

Critical Reflection Propagation of work template modifications on work plans not investigated Techniques for the mining of work plans very limited in the current state Not all stages for the evolution of work templates could be evaluated Maintenance of work templates and CMMN workbench need to be improved

Darwin is part of the successful EU research project proposal CONNECARE with on overall budget of approximately 5 million €.

Goal of this project is to support personalized clinical pathways.

Technische Universität MünchenDepartment of InformaticsChair of Software Engineering for Business Information Systems

Boltzmannstraße 385748 Garching bei München

Tel +49.89.289.Fax +49.89.289.17136

wwwmatthes.in.tum.de

Matheus HauderM.Sc., Dipl. Inf.

17104

[email protected]

Thank you for the attention!


Publications[Ma15] Marin, M.; Hauder, M.; Matthes, F.: Case Management: An Evaluation of Existing Approaches for Knowledge-Intensive

Processes, 4rd International Workshop on Adaptive Case Management and other non-workflow approaches to BPM (AdaptiveCM), Innsbruck, Austria, 2015.

[Ha15a] Hauder, M.; Kazman, R.; Matthes, F.: Empowering End-Users to Collaboratively Structure Processes for Knowledge Work. 18th International Conference on Business Information Systems (BIS), Poznan, Poland, 2015.

[Gi15c] Gil, Y.; Michel, F.; Ratnakar, V.; Hauder, M.; Duffy, C.; Hanson, P.: A Task-Centered Framework for Computationally-Grounded Science Collaborations, 11th IEEE International Conference on e-Science, Munich, Germany, 2015.

[Mi15b] Michel, F.; Gil, Y.; Ratnakar, V.; Hauder, M.: A Virtual Crowdsourcing Community for Open Collaboration in Science Processes. 21st Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS),Puerto Rico, 2015.

[Gi15b] Gil, Y.; Michel, F.; Ratnakar, V.; Read, J.; Hauder, M.; Duffy, C.; Hanson, P.; Dugan, H.: Supporting Open Collaboration in Science through Explicit and Linked Semantic Description of Processes. 12th European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC), Portoroz, Slovenia, 2015.

[Mi15a] Michel, F.; Gil, Y.; Ratnakar, V; Hauder, M.: A Task-Centered Interface for On-Line Collaboration in Science, Proceedings of the 20th International ACM Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI), Atlanta, USA, 2015.

[Ha14c] Hauder, M.; Pigat, S.; Matthes, F.: Research Challenges in Adaptive Case Management: A Literature Review, 3rd International Workshop on Adaptive Case Management and other non-workflow approaches to BPM (AdaptiveCM), Ulm, Germany, 2014.

[Ha14b] Hauder, M.; Münch, D.; Michel, F.; Utz, A.; Matthes, F.: Examining Adaptive Case Handling to Support Processes for Enterprise Architecture Management, 9th Trends in Enterprise Architecture Research Workshop (TEAR), Ulm, Germany, 2014.

[Ha13c] Hauder, M., Roth, S., Lau, A., Matheis, H., Matthes, F.: Supporting Collaborative Product Development through Automated Interpretation of Artifacts, 3rd International Symposium on Business Modeling and Software Design (BMSD 2013), Noordwijkerhout, Netherland, 2013.

[Ha13b]

Hauder, M.: Bridging the Gap between Social Software and Business Process Management: A Research Agenda, 7th IEEE International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science (RCIS 2013), Doctoral Consortium, Paris, France, 2013.


https://wwwmatthes.in.tum.de/pages/1xkgdax84uk6b/Case-Management-An-Evaluation-of-Existing-Approaches-for-Knowledge-Intensive-Processes

https://wwwmatthes.in.tum.de/pages/19kx91sj1tha4/Ha15a-Empowering-End-Users-to-Collaboratively-Structure-Processes-for-Knowledge-Work

https://wwwmatthes.in.tum.de/pages/a44l2zwtf6s/A-Task-Centered-Framework-for-Computationally-Grounded-Science-Collaborations

https://wwwmatthes.in.tum.de/pages/1vpo9lbp35qml/A-Virtual-Crowdsourcing-Community-for-Open-Collaboration-in-Science-Processes

https://wwwmatthes.in.tum.de/pages/1lkthaw4z0v48/Gi15b-A-Semantic-Task-Centered-Collaborative-Framework-for-Science

https://wwwmatthes.in.tum.de/pages/r5daf436b4jg/Mi15-A-Task-Centered-Interface-for-On-Line-Collaboration-in-Science

https://wwwmatthes.in.tum.de/pages/1vgjr65oadm46/Ha14c-Research-Challenges-in-Adaptive-Case-Management-A-Literature-Review

https://wwwmatthes.in.tum.de/pages/ntgp8lrfzyo/Ha14b-Examining-Adaptive-Case-Handling-for-Enterprise-Architecture-Management

https://wwwmatthes.in.tum.de/pages/1vbhcka4khrjj/Ha13c-Supporting-Collaborative-Product-Development-Through-Automated-Interpretation-of-Artifacts

https://wwwmatthes.in.tum.de/pages/1it1z73ng7ds3/Ha13b-Bridging-the-Gap-between-Social-Software-and-Business-Process-Management-A-Research-Agenda