KERALA UNIVERSITYCOLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

KUMARAPURAM

B.Ed. COURSE 2013-2014

SEMESTER II

OPTIONAL: NATURAL SCIENCE

POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

Submitted toLesha Teacher

Submitted byArchana s s Nair

In biology a hybrid is an offspring of two animals or plantsof different breeds, varieties, species, or genera.[Usinggenetics terminology, it may be defined as follows. Ingeneral usage, hybrid is synonymous with heterozygous anyoffspring resulting from the breeding of two geneticallydistinct individuals. A genetic hybrid carries two differentalleles of the same gene. A structural hybrid results fromthe fusion of gametes that have differing structure in at leastone chromosome as a result of structural abnormalities. Anumerical hybrid results from the fusion of gameteshaving different haploid numbers of chromosomes. Apermanent hybrid is a situation where only theheterozygous genotype occurs, because all homozygouscombinations are lethal.

INTRODUCTION

HYBRIDISATION

It is an artificial method of developing high quality

plants and animals.

The offspring's produced by hybridization are called

hybrids.

CHARACTERISTICS OF HYBRID VARIETIES

High Yield

Disease Resistance

Desirable characters

Tolerance to climate

High production capacity

HYBRIDISATION IN ANIMALS

Hybridization is utilized for developing improved varieties of animals as well.

There a number of institutions in our state which have gained in developing high yield varieties of animals.

Eg: Sunandini, Jersey, Swissbrown etc

SUNANDINI

• A very high yielding cross breeding cow specially suited for kerala.

• It is developed in Indo Swiss Project at Mattupetty near Munnar.

VECHUR COW

•Vechur cow is

Kerala's own variety

of cattle.

•They are the

smallest cows in the

world.

• They are commonly

seen as brown color.

PECULARITIES OF VECHUR COW

High milk yielding capacity.

High disease resistance.

Recently they reached the edge of extinction.

As result of the combined efforts of Kerala Agriculture University and ICAR they get rebirth .

INDIAN VARIETY CATTLE

SAHIWAL REDSINDHI

PECULARITIES OF INDIAN VARIETY

Resistance to disease is high.

Easy to rear.

Weight of female less.

Milk production is low.

Milk production period is short.

FOREIGN VARIETY CATTLE

SWISSBROWN JERSEY CROSS

PECULARITIES OF FOREIGN VARIETY

Resistance to disease is low.

Need more care.

More weight .

Milk production is high.

Milk production period is long.

BENEFITS OF HYBRID VARIETY CATTLES

Through hybridization we get high yielding varieties.

Increasing milk production.

High longevity.

High immunity to disease.

CATTLE RESEARCH CENTRES

Indian Council of Agriculture Research Centre, New Delhi.

Alamatty, Tamil Nadu

Surat Gargh, Rajasthan

Dharm road, Gujarat

Hassarhotta, Karnataka

CONCLUSIONHybrid variety animals are high yielding.

But it is not good to depend on hybrid varieties byfully avoiding our native variety animals. They are apart of our valuable biological wealth. The hybridbreeds are resulted from the crosses between localvarieties having some desirable characters with highyielding foreign varieties. So the disappearance ofnative varieties can lost even the possibility of theproduction of hybrid varieties itself. So it is equallyimportance to maintain our native varieties along withthe high yield hybrid varieties.

REFERENCERieger, R.; Michaelis A.; Green, M. M. (1991). Glossary

Of Genetics (5th Ed.). Springer

Dr. Valsala Kumar, Msc Phil(phd)(zoology), (2008);

New Jyothi Publications.

Gerard J Tortora; Principles of Anatomy and Physiology

(13th edition)