1. MAN vs MACHINE A consolidated presentation submitted at AISSQ-2012 conference

2. WHO SHALL PREVAIL?? 3. WHY MAN VS MACHINE? Human being, a special creation of God. Arrival of numerous inventions and discoveries over the time. Rapid Industrial Growth Rise in the need of smart machines Phenomenal Development in the fields of electronics and computer. Computers invention of the 20th century; superlative machines which pose a challenge to human intellect. 4. WHO IS A HUMAN? Biological Being Social Being Intellectual Being 5. Human: a unique machine Most complex and unique machine of the world. Praised by man himself in Psalm (the Hebrew bible). Wonderful analogies with respect to human body. Human brain, analog ous to advanced CPU Eyes, analog ous to video cameras Skin, analogo us to industrial heat exchangers. Heart, natural pump, maintains BP 6. SPECIALITIES OF A HUMAN Ability to Think Feel Will 7. Human qualities Human qualities justify them as superior and advanced race over other living species. - Consciousness, belief in self- existence - Emotions, intrinsic feelings like happiness, joy, anger - Motivation, force governing our actions - Creativity, generation of new idea and object - Decision making, selection of an alternative 8. Human consciousness Most important human quality and advanced event in the history of evolution. Related to feelings of self-awareness and self- importance. On popular account, three types of consciousness: Simple- Consciousness, awareness of the body Self- Consciousness, awareness of being self Cosmic- Consciousness, awareness of the life and order of the universe 9. WHAT IS A MACHINE? Mechanically constructed object Can be programmed to perform various actions. Can incorporate the elements of electronics and computer. 10. Machines and their growth The idea of first simple machine, 3rd century B.C. - Archimedes. The modern definition for machine states it as Earlier machines were categorized into two: - Static machines, like pulleys, inclined plane, lever, etc. - Dynamic machines, like compressor, pumps, engines etc. an apparatus or tool using or applying mechanical power to achieve a particular task. 11. Classification of machines Depending on various applications, machines can be classified as: - Mechanical, E.g. engines, pumps, turbines. - Electrical and Electronic, E.g. generator, transformer. - Computing, E.g. computer, clusters. 12. A general design strategy for machines consists of: Designing of machines Invention Performance Engineering Recycle Need identification, conc ept generation, prototy ping and manufacturing. enhancing efficiency, adding features and improving effectiveness. decommissioning and disposal phase, recovery and reuse of materials. 13. PURPOSE OF A MACHINE -To Assist Humans 14. CAPABILITIES OF MACHINES Depending on the magnitude of its ability, a machine can do various jobs that are risky, tougher or impossible and even drudgery. Machines can be programmed to do a job again and again till the command expires. They never tire up! Machine can be made to imitate a human by suitable programming. 15. EDGE OF MACHINES OVER HUMANS Can be constructed with high mechanical strength. More accurate than humans Faster than humans 16. LIMITATIONS OF MACHINES Only do programmed work Cannot think, feel or will as they are not a being at all. A machine can be made to imitate a human but not a human itself. 17. View point towards development Machine growth resulted in better human life, but with dilemmas and problems. Negative aspects of development - social and economic problems. Weakened our ethical and moral values. We should not forget Humans have created machines not humans are created by them. 18. Where are we heading to? Have we ever thought about the: Imperfection in human life due to perfect machines. One possible cause is the negligence of value education system. - deeper consequences of such machine growth? - moral dilemmas of human race? - role of humans in machine world? - future state of unemployment and poverty? 19. THE GAP BETWEEN ANDRO- HUMANOID AND ACTUAL HUMAN Andro-Humanoids can imitate humans But they cannot be programmed to write their own code and command. They use sensors to sense but cannot really feel as they lack consciousness. They can be made to learn but not think 20. THE BRAIN PUZZLE Scientists are still struggling to explore the secrets of brain If that happens, humans would go to new heights Many psychological disorders can be cured very easily. Mystical phenomena like telepathy and ESP can be cracked and applied to daily use!. 21. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Complex codes are fed to make machines behave like humans Just an illusion is created that they are able to think They just compute and execute. Getting conscious by chance is wilder and more zany than the theory of organic soup or godzilla! 22. Artificial Intelligence & Chess Much research has been performed in Computer Chess Deep Blue (IBM) defeated the world champion Kasparov in 1997 , at its 2nd try after 1996s defeat 23. This Event Made this Question Popular. Are Computers More Intelligent than Humans? Are Calculators Intelligent? : Similarly the computer which plays chess is no more intelligent than computeri that was fine tuned by grandmaster Joel Benjamin, Miguel Illescas, John Fedorovich and Nick De Firmian. It plays chess just by following an algorithm. It doesn't solve it. Like CHINESE ROOM ARGUMENT of Professor John Searle : As one can take Chinese question answer session just by following procedure without even knowing what is being discussed similarly Machine also may act humanly by showing some of predefined behavior, without being Intelligent like humans. 24. Propositions and Arguments Gottfried Leibnizs (16461716) Leibniz Mill There are other theories like Chinese Nation which came up in early discussion of functionalist theories of minds and cognition. Another antecedent of this theory was the Turing's Paper Machine . This idea is found in the work of Alan Turing, for example in Intelligent Machinery (1948). Concept of embodiment leading to Strong AI. Gdel's incompleteness theorems which helps in appreciating the fact that human mind is too complex to be defined with a mathematical model. 25. Developing intelligent machines Related to the field of AI - started in 1955 by John McCarthy, Herbert Simon and others. Till date, not possible to create human level machine intelligence due to: - Limited computing resources - Task oriented machines Turing test, to differentiate between AI machines and Humans. 26. TURING TEST Proposed by famous scientist Alan Turing Involves chat among humans and machines without face-face contact. Tests the ability of coders 27. Complexities and Attempts One of the announcement by IBM on making Artificial Brain . Artificial brain 10 years away But, as we cannot even generate random numbers and still not able to work with quantum particles and describe the minds working principle, it is far out of our reach. 28. Machine Learning - the computing tool which sounds like a computer algorithm able to learn out of experiences. - But machine learning is no more than interpolation of data used for training the Neural Network. - For this machines learning means a matrices with optimized weighing values. 29. Future of AI AI might result in machines superior to human intelligence. Capable of tasks like complex problem solving, flying spacecraft, building next generation machines. But important questions arise here: - Will they be conscious? - Will they praise their creator like we do? - Will they agree to become slave for human race? 30. Taming the machines AI researchers have confirmed, the growth of AI might be uncontrollable. Intelligence only positive trait, but not for machines. True path of development- science and technology plus moral, behavior and ethical values. Solution- development of value education system (knowledge + values) like ancient Indian system. 31. There are few things which makes us Creative Humans NO Computer follows any self created technique. It just an unconscious instruction executer . Cellular Automata apparently looks like a computer program generating creative patters. Actually its rules and starting condition have all the features which its output have. 32. Why we Love Science and put our Faith in it. In the field of satisfying humans, science has did very well in past few decades 33. We depend on Science and thats why we love it Because of this good experience with science modern people appreciate it from its toe to tip. 34. LIMITATIONS OF MODERN SCIENCE Depends on logical conclusion analyzed with the help of available senses. Has lot of space for assumption and negligence. Revision of stated Truths are allowed. 35. SPIRITUAL SCIENCE Absence of evidence is not the evidence for absence. Soul is the reason behind humans ability to think, feel and will. Spirituality cannot be analyzed through material means as it may involve energies of higher dimensions. 36. Vedantic Perspective According to Indian scriptures matter cannot have consciousness. It is a feature of soul and only presence of soul can manifest life. O son of Bharata, as the sun alone illuminates all this universe, so does the living entity, one within the body, illuminate the entire body by consciousness. (BG 13.34). The Supreme Lord is situated in everyone's heart, O Arjuna, and is directing the wanderings of all living entities, who are seated as on a machine, made of the material energy. (BG 18.61). Hear machine refers to the physical body of living entity. Earth, water, fire, air, ether, mind, intelligence and false egoall together these eight constitute My separated material energies. (BG 7.4). According to Vedanta Intelligence is not the result of functionality of brain, it is a subtle element. 37. The individual is the passenger in the chariot of the material body, and the intelligence is the driver. Mind is the driving instrument, and the senses are the horses. The self is thus the enjoyer or the sufferer in the association of mind and the senses. So, it is understood by great thinkers. (Katha Upanishad 1.3.3-4). From Vedantic view point purpose of physical body, mind and intelligence is to facilitate the living soul. 38. IF MACHINES GAIN CONSCIOUSNESS If machines gain consciousness they will turn into beings and cannot suit the definition of a machine. There is no question of man versus machine debate. They will form a new species if they can do biological activities like feeling etc. 39. Conclusion The growth of machines has also given rise to social, moral, ethical and economic problems. Impossible for a machine to replace unique human features. Only the path of knowledge illuminated with human values will lead us to true growth and development of man and mankind. Machines are not capable of doing anything out of box thats why they cannot create something new. A product with more complexity cannot come out of a thing with less complexity . And it is true to all systems but human mind dont fall below that kind of limitation. 40. FINAL VERDICT Machines can never gain consciousness Consciousness is not programmable Humans may not be as mightier as machines but they are capable enough to employ the machines to fulfill their needs. Humans are valuable, they are true beings. HUMANS SHALL PREVAIL (OF COURSE WITH THE HELP OF MACHINES !).. 41. WE CAN CO-EXIST WITH SMART MACHINES