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MECHANISM OF AEROBIC &
AN-AEROBIC
BIODEGRADATION
PRESENTED BY:-
SUKHJEET KAUR
M.Sc. BT(H)3SEM
130181106
10/5/2014 1
CONTENT
Biodegradation
Types
Aerobic degradation
Mechanism of aerobic degradation
Anaerobic degradation
Mechanism of anaerobic degradation
Difference between aerobic and
anaerobic
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BIODEGRADATION
Biodegradation is a natural and
complex process of decomposition
facilitated by biochemical reactions
It is biological transformation of an
complex organic material to simpler by
micro organisms
Biodegradable matter is generally
organic material such as plant &
animal matter
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DEGRADATION TIME
PRODUCT TIME TO DEGRADE
APPLE CORE 1-2 months
GENERAL PAPER 1-3 months
CARDBOARD BOX 2 months
COTTON CLOTH 5 months
TIN CANS 50-100 months
ALUMINIUM CANS 150-200 months
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BIODEGRADEBILITY
Very easily degradable
Easily degradable
Potentially degradable
Very slowly degradable
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TYPES
AEROBIC BIODEGRADATION
AN-AEROBIC BIODEGRADATION
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AEROBIC
BIODEGRADATION
It is the breakdown of organic
contaminants by micro organism when
oxygen is present
Organic contaminants are rapidly
degraded under aerobic conditions by
aerobic bacteria called aerobes
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MECHANISM OF AEROBIC
DEGRADATION
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EXAMPLE:-
GRAM NEGATIVE STRAINS GRAM POSITIVE STRAINS
Pseudomonas spp. Nocardia spp.
Flavobacterium spp. Mycobacterium spp.
Xanthomonas spp. Arthrobacter spp.
Acinetobacter spp. Bacillus spp.
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AEROBIC DEGRADATION OF
BIOPOLYMERS
It mainly includes two steps:
1.Complex organic compounds
Simple adsorbable polymers
2. Simple polymers
Basic elements + energy
Exoenzyme
action
respiration
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AEROBIC BIODEGRADATION
OF CARBOHYDRATES
11
Lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, starch,
glycogen
Fructose,
cellobiose,pentoses
Pyruvate Fructose 1-
phosphate
Glucose
glycolysis fructokinase
Hydrolysis (by respective enzymes)
glycolysis
CO₂+ water+ energy +growth
TCA cycle
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12
AEROBIC DEGRADATION OF LIPIDS
Neutral fats,
Phospholipids,
Wax
β - oxidation
Fatty Acyl CoA
Fatty acidsHydrolysis
Lipases,phospholipas
es
Activation
Acetyl coA
TCA
CYCLE
CO₂+ water+
energy +growth
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13
Proteins
Carboxylic acids of
Aminoacid
AcetylCoA
peptidases
Hydrolysis (by Proteases)
Arg,His,Glu,Pro
AEROBIC DEGRADATION OF PROTEINS
Ala,Thr,Gly,Ser Phe,Tyr,Leu,Trp Phe,Tyr
2-Oxo glutarate Pyruvate AcetoacetylCo
A
Fumarate
CO₂+ water+
energy +growth TCA cycle
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AEROBIC DEGRADATION OF
HYDROCARBONS
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DEGRADATION OF AROMATIC
HYDROCARBONSIt can be converted to the natural
intermediates that is catechol and
protocatechuate
Some Gram negative bacteia have
plasmids that encode enzymes for
degradation of aromatics called TOL
plasmids
It mainly involves hydroxylation
catalysed by dioxygenase
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16
Degradation
of Aromatic
hydrocarbon
s
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DEGRADATION OF
TOULENE
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AN-AEROBIC
BIODEGRADATIONAnaerobic digestion occurs when the
anaerobic microbes are dominant over
the aerobic microbes widely used to
treat wastewater sludge and
biodegradable waste because it
provides volume and mass reduction
e.g Clostridia, Eubacterium spp.
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PROCESS
There are four key biological and
chemical stages of anaerobic
degradation
Hydrolysis
Acidogenesis
Acetogenesis
Methanogenesis
1910/5/2014
STAGES
2010/5/2014
ORGANISMS INVOLVED
Acedogenesis-
Clostridium,Eubacterium,Ruminococc
u
Acetogenesis-
Syntrophobacter wolanii
Syntrophomonas wolfii
Methanogenesis- Methanothrix
Methanosacenia
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ANAEROBIC
BIODEGRADATION OF
CARBOHYDRATES
22
Lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, starch,
glycogen
Acetogenesis
Monomers (Glucose, Pentoses,
Cellobiose)
Formate, Butyrate, Lactate, etc
Fermentation
Hydrolysis (by respective enzymes)
AcetateMethanogenesis
Methane + CO2
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ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION OF PROTEIN
23
Proteins
Deamination
Aminoacid
Acetate
Hydrolysis (by Proteases)
Organic
acids
NH
3
Formate, Butyrate, etc
Fermentation
Acetogenesis
Methanogenesis
Methane +
CO2
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ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION OF
LIPIDS
24
Neutral fats,
Phospholipids
Fatty AcidsGlycolipids
Inositol, Glycerol,
GlucoseFermentation
β- Oxidation
Acetyl coA
Acetat
e Methanogenesis
Methane +
CO2
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ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION
OF AROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS
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ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION
OF XENOBIOTICS
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DEGRADATION OF
HERBICIDESDIURON is a systemic herbicide
derived from urea, relatively persistent
in soil,
half-lives from 90 to 180 days.
It shows slight acute toxicity
It is a likely carcinogen
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Diuron has a very slow rate of natural
hydrolysis in a neutral solution at 25 C
However, when hydrolysis occurs the
degradation in water solution is an
irreversible reaction giving 3,4-DCA as
the only product
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ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION
OF DIURON
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Difference between aerobic and
anaerobic biodegradation
AEROBIC
Most rapid and fast degradation .
No pungent gas produced .
More expensive
Large disposable waste generated.
Microbes are Xanthomonas,Comamonas
ANAEROBIC
Time consuming and slow
Pungent gas produced.
Less expensive
Less waste is generated
Clostridia ,Eubacteria etc.
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REFERENCES
Introduction to environmental
biotechnology by A.K chatterji
A text book of environmental
biotechnology by Pradipta Mohaptra
www.ensobottles.com/.../Aerobic%20
Anaerobic%20Biodegradation
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