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Mitosis Study Guide Review

Mitosis study guide answers

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Page 1: Mitosis study guide answers

Mitosis Study

GuideReview

Page 2: Mitosis study guide answers

What is the purpose of

Mitosis?

Division of cells to grow, or

replace old, diseased, dead

or damaged body cells

Page 3: Mitosis study guide answers

Explain each phase of the

cell cycle and draw a picture

of what a cell in this phase

might look like

Page 4: Mitosis study guide answers

Interphase

Cell Grows

DNA is copied

Visible nucleus and nucleolus

DNA is uncondensed=chromatin

Chromosomes are NOT visible

Page 5: Mitosis study guide answers

Interphase

Page 6: Mitosis study guide answers

Prophase

Visible condensed double-stranded

chromosomes/ sister chromatids

Centrioles begin to send out spindle

fibers

Nuclear envelope disappears

Page 7: Mitosis study guide answers

Prophase

Plant Cell Animal Cell

Page 8: Mitosis study guide answers

Metaphase

Double-stranded chromosomes/ Sister

chromatids line up in the center of the

cell

Spindle fibers connect to the

centromeres of each chromosome

Chromatids are being pulled

Page 9: Mitosis study guide answers

Metaphase

Plant Cell Animal Cell

Page 10: Mitosis study guide answers

Anaphase

Sister chromatids are moving apart=

chromatids once split

Chromatids are moving towards the

poles of the cell

Spindle fibers pull the chromatids to

the poles

Page 11: Mitosis study guide answers

Anaphase

Plant Cell Animal Cell

Page 12: Mitosis study guide answers

Telophase

New nuclear membrane begins to

form around each set of chromatids

Cytoplasm begins to divide

Chromatids uncoil= chromatin once

uncondensed

Visible cleavage furrow

Spindle fibers disappear

Page 13: Mitosis study guide answers

Telophase

Plant Cell Animal Cell

Page 14: Mitosis study guide answers

Cytokinesis

Cytoplasm divides

2 new daughter cells identical to the

parent cell

After cytokinesis, cell return to

interphase

Page 15: Mitosis study guide answers

CytokinesisPlant Cell Animal Cell

Page 16: Mitosis study guide answers

Explain what happens

to the cell’s genetic

information during the

following parts of the

cell cycle

Page 17: Mitosis study guide answers

Interphase

DNA is copied

DNA is uncondensed=chromatin

Chromosomes are NOT visible

Page 18: Mitosis study guide answers

Prophase

Visible condensed double-stranded

chromosomes/ sister chromatids

Page 19: Mitosis study guide answers

Metaphase

Double-stranded chromosomes/ Sister

chromatids line up in the center of the

cell

Chromatids are being pulled

Page 20: Mitosis study guide answers

Anaphase

Sister chromatids are moving apart=

chromatids once split

Chromatids are moving towards the

poles of the cell by means of the

spindle fibers

Page 21: Mitosis study guide answers

Telophase

New nuclear membrane begins to

form around each set of chromatids

Chromatids uncoil= chromatin once

uncondensed

Page 22: Mitosis study guide answers

Cytokinesis

2 new daughter cells

With identical DNA within each

Page 23: Mitosis study guide answers

How do daughter cells produced

in mitosis compare to the original

cell?The daughter cells are identical to the

original (parent) cell.

Same function, same internal parts,

SAME DNA

Page 24: Mitosis study guide answers

Explain the relationship that

mitosis has with cancer.Cancer is unregulated cell growth and

division.

Page 25: Mitosis study guide answers

How do Chemotherapy drugs

used in cancer treatment affect

Mitosis?They stop cell division at various

stages of the cell cycle

◦ Prevent DNA replication (doxorubicin)

◦ Cross-link with DNA to prevent synthesis

(cyclophospliamide)

◦ Blocks cells from making nucleotides

(methotrexate)

Page 26: Mitosis study guide answers

Why does chemotherapy tend to

cause side effects like hair loss

and gastrointestinal issues?They kill off the rapidly dividing cells

of the body

kill not only rapidly dividing cancer

cells but also cells of the rapidly

dividing cells like those that make up

hair, bone marrow, and the GI tract

Effects are NOT usually permanent

Page 27: Mitosis study guide answers

What is the difference between a

scanning electron microscope

and a transmission electron

microscope?Scanning Electron Microscope

◦ The entire organism/specimen can be

used, but it must be coated in a thin layer

of gold atoms

◦ The imaged obtained is a 3 dimensional

surface image

Page 28: Mitosis study guide answers

What is the difference between a

scanning electron microscope

and a transmission electron

microscope?Transmission Electron Microscope

◦ Uses a thin slice of an organism/specimen

◦ Used to study the internal make-up of the

specimen

Page 29: Mitosis study guide answers

Scanning Electron Microscope

Images

Cat

Flea

Head

Page 30: Mitosis study guide answers

Scanning Electron Microscope

Images

Hypodermic

Needle

Page 31: Mitosis study guide answers

Scanning Electron Microscope

Images

Staple

Through

Paper

Page 32: Mitosis study guide answers

Transmission Electron

Microscope Images

Cross Section

of a Sunflower

Plant Cell

Page 33: Mitosis study guide answers

Transmission Electron

Microscope Images

Giardia

Cysts

Page 34: Mitosis study guide answers

Transmission Electron

Microscope Images

Cross

Section of

Chloroplas

t in a Leaf

Page 35: Mitosis study guide answers

How are the pictures they take

different?Scanning Electron Microscope Images

show…

◦ 3 dimensional images of surface

Transmission Electron Microscope

Images show…

◦ Internal make-up of the specimen (cross

section)

Page 36: Mitosis study guide answers

What types of problems can

occur at each stage of the

Mitosis?Prophase: nuclear membrane may not dissolve causing the cell to not be able to go through other stages

Metaphase: Chromosomes may not line up, causing an error in the remaining phases

Anaphase: Sister chromatids may not split correctly, causing an error in the number of chromosomes at each cell pole

Telophase: Chromatids may not unravel, causing the chromatin not to be enclosed in the new nuclear membrane.

Page 37: Mitosis study guide answers

What might happen to an

organism if their cells lost the

ability to divide via Mitosis?

Once that cell dies then that particular

cell would not be able to pass on their

DNA.

Furthermore, that particular organism

would not be able to make new cells after

the original parent cell has died

Eventually casing the death of that

particular organism