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PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Smart and Sustainable Buildings for
New ZealandDr. Tobias Smith
General Manager, PreStressed Timber Ltd., Christchurch, New Zealand
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
The Christchurch Earthquake
Main quake:4 September 2010, 4.30am. M 7.1. No deaths www.all-geo.org
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
The Christchurch EarthquakeCENTRAL CITY AND NZS1170 SPECTRA
CLASS D DEEP OR SOFT SOIL
Larger Horizontal Components
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Period T(s)
SA
(T)
(g)
NZS1170 2500-yr Class D
NZS1170 500-yr Class D Deep orSoft Soil
CHHC_MaxH_FEB
CCCC_MaxH_FEB
CBGS_MaxH_FEB
REHS_MaxH_FEB
GM_Larger_FEB
Design spectrum1.0
0.5
1.5
0.0
Spe
ctra
l acc
eler
atio
n (
g)
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
Building period (s)
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
What does Christchurch Look like now?
Courtesy of W. Y. Kam
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Timber Structures in the CHCH EQWhat does Christchurch look like now?
Courtesy of W. Y. Kam
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected] of M. Taylor
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Timber Structures in the CHCH EQWhat does Christchurch look like now?
Courtesy of M. Taylor
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Current seismic design practiceOur current design choices
Earthquake engineering philosophy
Minor earthquake No damage
Moderate earthquake Repairable damage
Big earthquake No deaths, Damage is ok
Not good enough
Society wants more
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Current seismic design practiceOur current design choices
This building displayed almost
prefect ‘good’ seismic behavior
Courtesy of S. Pampanin
Courtesy of S. Pampanin
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Current seismic design practiceThis was our choice for Christchurch following a major earthquake
Repair is just too expensive,
and people are nervous about the results
Courtesy of A. Buchanan
Is this Smart? Or Sustainable?
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
We need to shift the goal postsUpdating our thinking to performance based design
Higher expectations of modern society ( “the three Ds”):
• No victims nor collapse (Deaths)
• Minimum level of damage or direct costs (Damage = Dollars)
• Minimum business interruption and recovering (indirect) costs (Downtime)
Courtesy of S. Pampanin
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
PREStressed – LAMinated Timber:
GLUe – LAMinated: GLULAM
CROSS-LAMinated: CROSS-LAM
Smith et al.
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Pres-LamDamage Limiting System
(c/o Miss S. Nakaki) (Palermo et al. 2005)
• Originally conceived for reinforced concrete (PRESSS)
• Combination of post-tensioning cable and (in high siesmic areas) internal or external
reinforcing
• Separates ductility from material damage
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Demolish
Repair
Pres-Lam – now that’s SmartDamage Limiting System
Pres-Lam changes the way in which a system remains following earthquake loading, replacing
damaged reinforcing following a major event
Courtesy of S. PampaninCourtesy of A. Buchanan
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Testing of Pres-Lam SystemsWall systems
Pres-Lam walls with internal and external reinforcing.
Testing has also been performed on the transfer of forces within a Pres-Lam frame,
Economics of connections.
Sarti et al. Moroder et al.
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Testing of Pres-Lam SystemsMoment Cross-Lam Stairwell
Dunbar et al.
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Pres-Lam in PracticeThe first Pres-Lam Building in the World
Courtesy of A. Buchanan
Architect: Irving Smith Jack, Engineer: Aurecon
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Pres-Lam in PracticeThe first Pres-Lam Building in the World
Photo: Irving Smith Jack Architects
Architect: Irving Smith Jack, Engineer: Aurecon
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Pres-Lam in PracticeThe first Pres-Lam Auditorium in the World
Photo: Carterton District Council
Architect and Engineer: Opus International
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Pres-Lam in PracticeA gravity dominated Pres-Lam Frame
Architect: Athfeild Architects, Engineer: Dunning Thornton Consultants
Photo: Trends Magazine NZ
Photo: Trends Magazine NZ
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Pres-Lam in PracticeOther Examples of Pres-Lam
Concrete Columns,
Timber Beams and
Base Isolated
Cross-Lam Panels
incorporating
sections of LVL
Pres-Lam Frames only
Architect: Rick Proko, Engineer: Ruaumoko
Architect: Design Base, Engineer: Nelson Timber Solutions
Architect: Sheppard and Rout, Engineer: Kirk Roberts
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Current Trends in Timber DesignThe World’s getting Taller
Reiulf Ramstad Arkitekter Asmgb ARCHITECTURE + DESIGN Equilibrium,
LMDG Ltd, BTY GroupSOM Skidmore Owings and Merrell
Norway Canada USA
Barentshus Tower Tall wood proposal Timber Tower Chicago
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
These aren’t just pipe dreams
55 m - 15 storey - All timber building – Pres-Lam walls
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
1. Time and cost of construction
2. Renewable resource
3. Carbon negative
4. Light weight
5. Lovely appearance
6. Excellent performance
Why is wood smart?
Re-building Christchurch
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Half of national wood production is exported as logs
Is that smart?
Why not export pre-manufactured buildings?
Forestry in New Zealand
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Exporting Kiwi Technology and Timber
A timber building
• Grown in New
Zealand
• Processed in New
Zealand
• Pre-fabricated in
New Zealand
• Ground broken in
Japan to be erected
in June
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Conclusions
The more trees we plant, and grow,
and harvest, and use, and replant, the better
for our health, wealth, and a sustainable planet
PreStressed Timber Limited – [email protected]
Pres-Lam in PracticeThe Largest Pres-Lam Building
Photo: Conorboyd Photography
Architect and Engineer: Opus International
