TOP 5 PHOTOGRAPHYTIPS TO IMPROVEYOUR PHOTOS

1. Choose an interesting subject to photograph

So where do you find these interesting subjects? They can be found everywhere, from a stormy landscape:

One of the easiest ways to improve your photography is by taking photos of interesting subjects. Of course, you can take great creative photos of uninteresting subjects, but if you choose an interesting subject to photograph in the first place, it makes taking a great photo much easier.

The Worn Picket Fence by Stuck in Customs on flickr

to a simple street scene:

Streets of Manila by wili_hybrid on flickr

to a flower in your garden or local park:

~ The Sunny Side ~ by ViaMoi on flickr

Just take a walk around your local neighbourhood with your camera, and you're sure to find something interesting to photograph.

2. Compose your photograph carefullyWhen taking a photograph, it's all too easy to just point and shoot. However, try and take a bit more time to think about the photo and the composition.

Rule of thirdsComposition is how the elements in the photograph are arranged, and a good guideline for composition is the 'rule of thirds'. The rule of thirds works by splitting an image into thirds, so you end up with 9 sections.

Patterns in Nature by Garry - www.visionandimagination.com on flickr

You can see in the photo to the right how the photographer has placed the horizon in the top third of the photo, while the landscape takes up the bottom two thirds of the photo.

Allie Grunge by Picture Zealot on flickr

As well as placing elements along the thirds lines, you can also try and put your main point of focus so that it falls on the intersection of two of the thirds lines.

If you look at the photo to the left, you can see the photographer has placed the cat's eye on the intersection of the right and top thirds lines.

The Fibonacci spiral or Golden spiral

The Fibonacci spiral is a spiral based on the Fibonacci sequence, while the Golden spiral is based on the Golden ratio. Both are very similar, and can be used as a compositional tool.

drops of spring by Steve took it on flickr

The curve of the spiral helps lead the viewer's eye through the photograph. You can see the grass in the photo to the left roughly follows the Fibonacci spiral.

The Golden triangleThe golden triangle is a good compositional guideline to use when your photograph contains strong diagonal elements. It involves splitting the photo into three triangles that contain the same angles (are the same shape). You can see the below photo has been composed roughly around the golden triangle:

Vang Vieng by abmiller99 on flickr

Leading lines and converging lines

Use leading lines or converging lines to draw the viewer's eye into the image. Good examples of this you can use in landscape photography are roads, paths, fences, hedges etc, really anything that creates a line that leads into the image will work.

On the road again ... / De nuevo en el camino ... by Claudio.Ar ■ on flickr

In the photo to the left you can see the edges of the flowerbed and lake create converging lines that leads the eye towards the building.

Schweriner Schloss - BUGA 2009 Preview by saturn ♄ on flickr

Pacific Park in Santa Monica by szeke on flickr

In this photo the photographer has used the shoreline and waves as lines that lead your eye towards the funfair:

3. Pay attention to the light quality

Some Kid and Mr. Bokeh by anton khoff on flickr

Colour temperatureAs a general rule, we tend to prefer photos with a warm (golden) tone. The warmest light naturally occurs around sunrise and sunset, and this is why many landscape photographers prefer this time of day.

The colour temperature of a photo can also be modified by adjusting the white balance setting on your camera. And if you are taking photos using flash, you can use a warming gel on the flash to warm up the light.

Something that has a big effect on how your photograph looks is the quality of light that is hitting your subject. There are two aspects of lighting that you need to pay attention to - the colour of the light and how harsh / diffused the light is.

Of course, in some instances you may want to go the opposite way, and use light with a cold (blue) colour temperature.

Lamento. by Simon Pais on flickr

Diffuse vs. harsh lightDiffuse light is where the light creates soft shadows, which is preferred for most types of photography, particularly portraits.

Diffused light can be created by reflecting light from a large surface (like a wall), or by using a large piece of semi-transparent material between the light and your subject. This works the same way as when there is a thin layer of cloud, which diffuses the sunlight and creates a nice soft light.

Regal Elegance by dragon762w on flickr

Harsh light creates strong shadows. Natural light is at its harshest around midday, while an undiffused flash will also create a harsh light. When shooting with harsh light, try and use the strong shadows it creates to your advantage, incorporating them as an element of your photograph.

Repetition by Georgios Karamanis on flickr

4. Check the exposure

One of the main advantages of digital photography is the ability to check the photo on the camera's rear LCD. When taking photos, you should check that the photo has been exposed properly, i.e. is not too dark or too bright. Although modern cameras have sophisticated auto exposure systems, they don't always get it right.

As well as inspecting the image, most digital cameras also have a couple of tools that can help you judge the exposure of an image. The first one is Highlight Warning, colloquially known as 'blinkies'. What this does is that any areas blown out white will flash when reviewing the photo on the camera's LCD.

The second tool is the histogram. This is a graph that shows the range of tones in your photo. If there is a peak at the very left edge of the histogram, this means that some of your photo is solid black. And if there is a peak at the very right edge of the histogram, this means that some of your photo is solid white.

Historama by Pictr 30D on flickr

Areas of the photo that are solid white or black contain no detail. Maybe this is what you want, but generally it is better to have detail available even if you don't need it.

You can modify the exposure of the photo by adjusting the exposure compensation. Use negative exposure compensation to darken the photo, or positive exposure compensation to brighten. Take the photo again, check the exposure again, and repeat if any more exposure adjustment is necessary.

Determining Proper Exposure For Specular Reflections by kevincole on flickr

Generally the ideally exposed photo is one that is as bright as possible without any detail being blown out white. You can then adjust the photo on the computer to darken it if necessary. It is an extra step, but maximises the image quality.

5. Reduce camera shakeBlurry photos can be a problem, especially if shooting handheld when it is relatively dark. The key to reducing blur caused by camera shake is either to make sure you are using a fast shutter speed or to make sure the camera has a solid support like a tripod.

To ensure a fast shutter speed, put your camera in the shutter priority shooting mode. As a general rule, the shutter speed should be 1 over the 35mm equivalent focal length, e.g.

● A full frame camera with a 50mm lens would need 1/50s shutter speed for a sharp handheld photo

● A 50mm lens on a camera with an APS-C sized sensor has a 35mm equivalent focal length of 75mm, and so would need 1/75s shutter speed for a sharp handheld photo

● A four thirds camera has a 2x crop factor, meaning a 50mm lens has the equivalent 35mm focal length of 100mm. So it would need at least 1/100s for a sharp handheld photo

The actual shutter speed you need will depend on your handholding ability. To try and give the camera more support when shooting handheld, hold the camera up against your eye, use both hands to grip the camera, and push your elbows in against your stomach / chest.

If using a fast shutter speed makes your photos too dark, try increasing your camera's ISO setting, and / or using a wider aperture. This will allow more light to reach the camera's sensor without having to reduce the shutter speed. If you are photographing a person or nearby object you can also use flash to provide enough light for a fast shutter speed.

If your camera or lens has a Vibration Reduction or Image Stabilization function, turn this on as it will help steady your shots when shooting handheld.

The other alternative to increasing the shutter speed is to use a tripod or some other form of support (e.g. placing the camera on a wall or table). Make sure the camera is secured tightly on the tripod and either use a cable release or self timer to trigger the camera's shutter. This way the camera doesn't receive any shake from the process of pressing and releasing the shutter button.

For more photography advice and tips, updated with new tips on a regular basis,

make sure you check out www.discoverdigitalphotography.com

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