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Mark Hinkle Senior Director, Open Source Solutions Citrix Inc. [email protected] [email protected] @mrhinkle Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing

Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

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Very few trends in IT have generated as much buzz as cloud computing. This session will cut through the hype and quickly clarify the ontology for cloud computing. The bulk of the conversation will focus on the open source software that can be used to build compute clouds (infrastructure-as-a-service) and the complimentary open source management tools that can be combined to automate the management of cloud computing environments. The session will appeal to anyone who has a good grasp of traditional data center infrastructure but is struggling with the benefits and migration path to a cloud computing environment. Systems administrators and IT generalists will leave the discussion with a general overview of the options at their disposal to effectively build and manage their own cloud computing environments using free and open source software.

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Page 1: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

Mark HinkleSenior Director, Open Source Solutions Citrix Inc. [email protected]@gmail.com@mrhinkle

Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing

Page 2: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

ABOUT MEI Help Build Open Source Ecosystems

Open Source Experience

• Manage Citrix Open Source Business Office• Apache CloudStack Committer• Advisory boards Gluster and Xen Project• Joined Citrix via Cloud.com acquisition July 2011• Zenoss Core open source project to 100,000 users,

1.5 million downloads• Former LinuxWorld Magazine Editor-in-Chief• Open Management Consortium organizer• Author - “Windows to Linux Business Desktop

Migration” – Thomson• NetDirector Project - Open Source Configuration

Management

Page 3: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

Slides Available on Slideshare:

http://www.slideshare.net/socializedsoftware

Creative Commons Attributions-ShareAlike 4.0 International

Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or formatAdapt — remix, transform, and build upon the materialfor any purpose, even commercially.

The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.

Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.

Page 4: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

VETTING OPEN SOURCE PROJECTSHow can you tell if they’re legit

• Code Velocity

• Committers

• Committer Reputation

• User-driven or Vendor-Driven

Innovation

• User Activity

• Corporate Support*

• Reputation of Foundation*

Page 5: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

OPEN SOURCE ANALYSISVisualizing Community Activity

http://www.ohloh.net http://activity.openstack.org

Page 6: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

60 SECOND CLOUD DEFINITION

5 CHARACTERISTICS OF CLOUD

1. On-Demand Self-Service2. Broad Network Access3. Resource Pooling4. Rapid Elasticity5. Measured Service

SaaS

PaaS

IaaS

User Cloud a.k.a. SOFTWARE-AS-A-SERVICE

Developer Cloud a.k.a. PLATFORM-AS-A-SERVICE

Systems Cloud a.k.a. INFRASTRUCTURE-AS-A-

SERVICE

Page 7: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

Vertical Scaling (Scale-Up) Allocate additional resources to VMs, requires a reboot, no need for distributed app logic, single-point of OS failure

Horizontal Scaling (Scale-Out) Application needs logic to work in distributed fashion (e.g. HA-Proxy and Apache Hadoop)

SCALE-UP SCALE OUTElasticity and the cloud

Page 8: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

VIRTUALIZATIONCarving up compute resources

OPEN SOURCE

• Xen Project

• Citrix XenServer

• KVM

• VirtualBox

• OpenVZ

• LXC

PROPRIETARY

• VMware

• Microsoft Hyper-V

• OracleVM (Based on Xen Project)

Page 9: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

OPEN VIRTUALIZATION FORMATSVirtualization Payloads

Open Virtualization Format (OVF) is an open standard for packaging and distributing virtual appliances or more generally software to be run in virtual machines. Formats for hypervisors/cloud

technologies:

• Amazon - AMI• KVM – QCOW2• VMware – VMDK• Xen Project– IMG• Hyper-V - VHD – Virtual Hard Disk • LXC – local file system/mount point -

Docker*

Page 10: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

SOURCING CLOUD APPLIANCESPackaging Engines for VMsTool/Project What you can do with them

Bitnami BitNami provides free, ready to run environments for your favorite open source web applications and frameworks, including Drupal, Joomla!, Wordpress, PHP, Rails, Django and many more.

Boxgrinder BoxGrinder is a set of projects that help you grind out appliances for multiple virtualization and Cloud providers

Oz Command-line tool that has the ability to create images for common Linux distributions to run on KVM

SUSE Studio SUSE Studio supports building and deploying directly to cloud services such as Amazon EC2.

Page 11: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

LINUX CONTAINERS (LXC)“Lightweight” Linux Virtualization

• Lets your run a Linux system within

another Linux system

• A container is a group of processes on a

Linux box, put together the provide an

isolated environment

• From the inside, it looks like a VM

• Externally it looks like normal processes

• “chroot on steroids”

Page 12: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

LXC VS. VMsContainers compared to Hardware Virtualization

Source: http://www.slideshare.net/jpetazzo/presentations

Page 13: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

DOCKER CONTAINER PACKAGINGOpen source LXC packaging engine

Docker is an open-source project to easily

create lightweight, portable, self-sufficient

containers from any application. The same

container that a developer builds and tests

on a laptop can run at scale, in production,

on VMs, bare metal, public clouds and

more.

To learn more please visit our website: www.docker.io

Page 14: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

Mul

tiplic

ity o

f Goo

dsM

ultip

licity

of

met

hods

for

tran

spor

ting/

stor

ing

Do I w

orry about how

goods interact (e.g. coffee beans next to

spices)

Can I transport quickly and sm

oothly(e.g. from

boat to train to truck)

CARGO TRANSPORT PRE-1960

Page 15: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

Mul

tiplic

ity o

f Goo

dsM

ultip

licity

of

met

hods

for

tran

spor

ting/

stor

ing

Do I w

orry about how

goods interact (e.g. coffee beans next to

spices)

Can I transport quickly and sm

oothly(e.g. from

boat to train to truck)

…in between, can be loaded and unloaded, stacked, transported efficiently over long distances, and transferred from one mode of transport to another

A standard container that is loaded with virtually any goods, and stays sealed until it reaches final delivery.

SOLUTION INTERMODAL SHIPPING CONTAINER

Page 16: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

Static website Web frontend User DB Queue Analytics DB

Development VM QA server Public Cloud

Contributor’s laptop

Mul

tiplic

ity o

f Sta

cks

Mul

tiplic

ity o

f ha

rdw

are

envi

ronm

ents

Production Cluster

Customer Data Center

Do services and apps interact appropriately?

Can I m

igrate smoothly

and quickly

An engine that enables any payload to be encapsulated as a lightweight, portable, self-sufficient container…

…that can be manipulated using standard operations and run consistently on virtually any hardware platform

DOCKER IS A SHIPPING CONTAINER FOR CODE

Page 17: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

INFRASTRUCTURE AS-A-SERVICECompute Orchestration

Year Started License Virtualization Technologies

Apache CloudStack

2008 Apache Xenserver, Xen Cloud Platform, KVM, Vmware Hyper-V

Eucalyptus 2006 GPL Xen, KVM, VMware (commercial version)

OpenNebula 2005 Apache Xen, KVM, VMware

OpenStack 2010 (Developed by NASA by Anso Labs previously)

Apache VMware ESX and ESXi, , Xen, XenServer, KVM, LXC, QEMU and Virtual Box

Page 18: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

OPENSTACKThe Boy Band of the Open Source Cloud

Page 19: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

OPENSTACK SHARED SERVICESSpan Compute, Storage and Networking

IDENTITYSERVICE

IMAGESERVICE TELEMETRY

SERVICEORCHESTRA

TION SERVICE

Page 20: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

EVEN MORE OPENSTACK PROJECTSSpan Compute, Storage and Networking

• Cinder (Block Storage Service)

• Metering/Monitoring(Ceilometer)

• Orchestration (Heat)

• Trove(Database Service)

• Bare Metal (Ironic)• Queue Service

(Marconi)

Page 21: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

OPENSTACK SOLUTION PROVIDERSIf you can’t do it yourself

Page 22: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

CLOUD APISEverything (should) have an API in the Cloud

• deltacloud• daisein• jclouds• libcloud• fog

Page 23: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

CLOUD STORAGEVirtualized, Distributed usually on Commodity Hardware

Project Description

Ceph Distributed file storage system developed by DreamHost

GlusterFS Scale Out NAS system aggregating storage over Ethernet or Infiniband

OpenStack Storage

Long-term object storage system

Riak CS Riak CS is open source software designed to provide simple, available, distributed cloud storage at any scale. Riak CS is S3-API compatible and supports per-tenant reporting for billing and metering use cases.

Sheepdog Distributed storage for KVM hypervisors

Page 24: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

PLATFORM-AS-A-SERVICEAbstracted Cloud-Scale Run-Time Environments

Project Sponsors Languages/Frameworks

CloudFoundry Vmware -> Pivotal -> CloudFoundry Foundation

Spring for Java, Ruby for Rails and Sinatra, node.js, Grails, Scala on Lift and more via partners (e.g. Python, PHP)

Cloudify Gigaspaces [Groovy for deployment recipes]

OpenShift Origin Red Hat Java, Ruby, PHP, Perl and Python

Apache Stratos WSO2 - >Apache Stratus PHP, Tomcat, MySQL “cartridges”

Page 25: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

SOFTWARE DEFINED NETWORKING(SDN)Virtualization meets the network Decoupling of the control and data planes of the

network to improve efficiency. Communication from a SDN controller via a protocol to network devices both physical and virtual.

Automation

Dynamic Networks

Security

Heterogeneous Management

Abstractions allow for programmable networks.

Network can be changed quickly via a controller

Network offerings can match virtualization offerings for finer grained security in a highly volatile compute landscape.

Single control point for various devices.

Page 26: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

Business Applications

Network Services

SDN Control Software

API API

Network DevicesNetwork DevicesNetwork Devices

Network DevicesNetwork DevicesNetwork Devices

ApplicationLayer

Control Layer

InfrastructureLayer

Control Data Plane Interface (e.g. OpenFlow)

SDN OVERVIEW

Page 27: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

OPENFLOWVirtualization meets the network

OpenFlow enables networks to evolve, by giving a remote controller the power to modify the behavior of network devices, through a well-defined "forwarding instruction set". The growing OpenFlow ecosystem now includes routers, switches, virtual switches, and access points from a range of vendors.

Page 28: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

OPEN VSWITCH

Open vSwitch is a production quality,

multilayer virtual switch licensed under the

open source Apache 2.0 license. It is

designed to enable massive network

automation through programmatic extension,

while still supporting standard management

interfaces and protocols (e.g. NetFlow, sFlow,

SPAN, RSPAN, CLI, LACP, 802.1ag).

To learn more please visit our website: http://openvswitch.org/

Page 29: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

Project Description

Floodlight The Floodlight controller is an enterprise-class, Apache-licensed, Java-based OpenFlow Controller.

Indigo Indigo is an open source project to support OpenFlow on a range of physical switches. By leveraging hardware features of Ethernet switch ASICs, Indigo supports high rates for high port counts, up to 48 10-gigabit ports. Multiple gigabit platforms with 10-gigabit uplinks are also supported.

Open Daylight Linux Foundation Collaborative Project based on Cisco One Controller and plugins from numerous vendors in development. E.g IBM DOVE

OpenStack Network

Pluggable, scalable, API-driven network and IP management

Open vSwitch Open vSwitch is a open source (ASL 2.0), multilayer virtual switch designed to enable massive network automation through programmatic extension, while still supporting standard management interfaces and protocols (e.g. NetFlow, sFlow, SPAN, RSPAN, CLI, LACP, 802.1ag).

Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Open Cloud by @mrhinkle 29

OPEN SOURCE SDN

Page 30: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

BIG DATA

Page 31: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

NOSQL DATABASESHorizontally scalable unstructured data retrievalName Type DescriptionApache Cassandra

Wide Column Store/Families

API: many » Query Method: MapReduce, Replicaton: , Written in: Java, Concurrency: eventually consistent , Misc: like "Big-Table on Amazon Dynamo alike", initiated by Facebook

CouchDB Document Store API: Memcached API+protocol (binary and ASCII) , most languages, Protocol: Memcached REST interface for cluster conf + management, Written in: C/C++ + Erlang (clustering), Replication: Peer to Peer, fully consistent, Misc: Transparent topology changes during operation, provides memcached-compatible caching buckets

HBase Wide Column Store/Families

API: Java / any writer, Protocol: any write call, Query Method: MapReduce Java / any exec, Replication: HDFS Replication, Written in: Java

Hypertable Wide Column Store/Families

PI: Thrift (Java, PHP, Perl, Python, Ruby, etc.), Protocol: Thrift, Query Method: HQL, native Thrift API, Replication: HDFS Replication, Concurrency: MVCC, Consistency Model: Fully consistent Misc: High performance C++ implementation of Google's Bigtable.

MongoDB Document Store API: BSON, Protocol: C, Query Method: dynamic object-based language & MapReduce, Replication: Master Slave & Auto-Sharding, Written in: C++,Concurrency

Redis Key Value/ Tuple Store API: Tons of languages, Written in: C, Concurrency: in memory and saves asynchronous disk after a defined time. Append only mode available. Different kinds of fsync policies. Replication: Master / Slave, Misc: also lists, sets, sorted sets, hashes, queues.

Riak Key Value / Tuple Store API: JSON, Protocol: REST, Query Method: MapReduce term matching , Scaling: Multiple Masters; Written in: Erlang, Concurrency: eventually consistent (stronger then MVCC via Vector Clocks)

Page 32: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

MAP REDUCEAlgorithm for Parallelized Data Set Processing

Problem Data

Master Node

WorkerNode 1

Worker Node 2

Worker Node 3

Solution Data

Map

Reduce

Page 33: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

APACHE HADOOPApache Project for Parallelized Data Set Processing Overview

• Handles large amounts of data

• Stores data in native format• Delivers linear scalability at

low cost• Resilient in case of

infrastructure failures• Transparent application

scalability

Features

• Handles large amounts of data

• Stores data in native format• Delivers linear scalability at

low cost• Resilient in case of

infrastructure failures• Transparent application

scalability

Page 34: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

Hadoop Hadoop Common

HDFSDistributes & replicates data

across machines

MapReduceDistributes & monitors tasks

Hive Data warehouse that

provides SQL interface. Ad hoc projection of

data structure to unstructured

MapReduce

• Parallel programming• Handles large data blocks

Non-Relational DB

HBase Column-oriented

schema-less distributed DB modeled after Google’s BigTableRandom real time

read/write.

Scripting

PigPlatform for

manipulating and analyzing large data sets.

Scripting language for analysts.

Mahout Machine learning

libraries for recommendations ,

clustering, classifications and item sets.

Machine Learning

Chuc

kwa

Zook

eepe

rAPACHE HADOOP ECOSYSTEM

Page 35: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

CONTACT MEHappy to Chat about Open Source, Cloud or Pittsburgh Sports

Professional: [email protected]: [email protected]

Phone: 919.228.8049

Professional: http://open.citrix.comPersonal: http://www.socializedsoftware.com

Twitter: @mrhinkle

Page 36: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

Appendix

Page 37: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

Additional Links• Devops Toolchains Group• Software Defined Networking: The New Norm for Networks (White

paper)• DevOps Wikipedia Page• NoSQL-Database.org – Ultimate Guide to the Non-Relational Univer

se• Open Cloud Initiative• NIST Cloud Computing Platform• Open Virtualization Format Specs• Clouderati Twitter Account• Planet DevOps• Nicira Whitepaper – It’s Time to Virtualize the Network• Why Open vSwitch FAQ

Page 38: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

Cloud Monitoring Tools License Type of Monitoring Collection Methods

Cacti / RRDTool GPL Performance SNMP, syslog

Graphite Apache 2.0 Performance Agent

Nagios GPL Availability SNMP,TCP, ICMP, IPMI, syslog

Zabbix GPL Availability/ Performance and more

SNMP, TCP/ICMP, IPMI, Synthetic Transactions

Zenoss GPL Availability, Performance, Event Management

SNMP, ICMP, SSH, syslog, WMI

Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Open Cloud by @mrhinkle 38

Page 39: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

Cloud ProvisioningProject Installation Targets

Apache Provisionr(incubating)

Can provision 10s to 1000s of machines on various clouds.

Cobbler Distributed virtual infrastructure using koan (kickstart of a network to PXE boot VMs) for Red Hat, OpenSUSE Fedora, Debian, Ubuntu VMs

Crowbar (Bare metal provisioning)

JuJu Public Clouds - Amazon Web Services HP Cloud, Private OpenStack clouds, Bare Metal via MAAS.

Salt Cloud Tool to provision “salted” VMs that can then be updated by a central server via ZeroMQ

Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Open Cloud by @mrhinkle 39

Page 40: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

Configuration Management Tools

Project Year Started Language License Client/Server

Cfengine 1993 C Apache Yes

Chef 2009 Ruby Apache Chef Solo – No Chef Server - Yes

Puppet 2004 Ruby GPL Yes & standalone

Salt 2011 Python Apache yes

Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Open Cloud by @mrhinkle 40

Page 41: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

Automation/Orchestration Tools

Project Description

Ansible Ansible's SSH-key based access allows contributors to the Fedora Project to assist in automating infrastructure while having access limited appropriately.

Capistrano Utility and framework for executing commands in parallel on multiple remote machines, via SSH. It uses a simple DSL that allows you to define tasks, which may be applied to machines in certain roles

RunDeck Rundeck is an open-source process automation and command orchestration tool with a web console.

Func Func provides a two-way authenticated system for generically executing tasks, integrations with puppet and cobbler.

MCollective The Marionette Collective AKA MCollective is a framework to build server orchestration or parallel job execution systems.

Salt Execute arbitrary shell commands or choose from dozens of pre-built modules of common (or complex) commands.

Scalr Provide scaling across multiple cloud computing platforms, integrates with Chef.

Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Open Cloud by @mrhinkle 41

Page 42: Great Wide Open: Crash Course Open Source Cloud Computing - 2014

By Mark R. Hinkle@[email protected]

Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing

NetFlix Open Source ToolBag for AWS

ASGARD ASTYANAX EDDA

EUREKA PRIAM SIMIAN ARMY

42

Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Open Cloud by @mrhinkle

http://netflix.github.com