1. 1. LAPORAN PENELITIAN RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM PAKAR IDENTIFIKASI PENYAKIT PADA IKAN HIAS AIR TAWAR DENGAN METODE CERTAINTY FACTOR BERBASIS WEBSITE Disusun untuk dipresentasikan dalam rangka penelitian untuk tugas akhir strata satu Jurusan Teknik Informatika Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman. Oleh: PACHADELLA YOLANRO H1L013021 KEMENTRIAN RISET TEKNOLOGI DAN PENDIDIKAN TINGGI UNIVERSITAS JENDERAL SOEDIRMAN FAKULTAS TEKNIK JURUSAN TEKNIK INFORMATIKA PURWOKERTO 2016
2. 2. ii BIODATA Nama Lengkap : Pachadella yolanro Jenis Kelamin : Perempuan Tempat dan Tanggal Lahir : Batam, 8 Mei 1995 Nama Ayah : Sukaryono Nama Ibu : Fanti Rosita Alamat Rumah : Perumahan taman marchelia A/72, Batam Centre, Kota Batam Riwayat Pendidikan : 1. SD (2001-2007) : SD Ibnu Sina Batam 2. SMP (2007-2010) : SMPN 12 Batam 3. SMA (2010-2013) : SMAN 3 Batam 4. Universitas Jenderal Soedirman Fakultas : Teknik Jurusan : Teknik Informatika Bidang Keahlian : Sistem Cerdas
3. 3. iii LEMBAR PENGESAHAN Tugas Akhir dengan judul: RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM PAKAR IDENTIFIKASI PENYAKIT PADA IKAN HIAS AIR TAWAR DENGAN METODE CERTAINTY FACTOR BERBASIS WEBSITE Disusun Oleh: PACHADELLA YOLANRO H1L013021 Diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu persyaratan memperoleh gelar Sarjana Komputer pada Program Studi Teknik Informtaika Fakultas Teknik Universitas Jenderal Soedirman Disetujui dan disahkan Pada tanggal. Dosen Pembimbing I Dosen Pembimibng II Mengetahui: Wakil Dekan bidang Akademik Fakultas Teknik Dr. Gito Sugiyanto, S.T., M.T. NIP. 198002152002121003 Ipung Permadi, S.Si, M.Cs NIP.198311162008121005 Arief Kelik Nugroho, S.Kom.,M.Cs NIP.198512242015041001
4. 4. iv HALAMAN PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa dalam Skripsi ini tidak terdapat karya yang pernah di ajukan untuk memperoleh gelar kesarjanaan di suatu perguruan tinggi, dan sepanjang pengetahuan saya juga tidak terdapat suatu karya atau pendapata yang pernah ditulis atau diterbitkan oleh orang lain, Kecuali yang secara tertulis diacu dalam naskah ini dan disebutkan dalam daftar pustaka. Purbalingga , 12 September 2016 Pachadella Yolanro NIM. H1L013021
5. 5. v MOTO DAN PERSEMBAHAN Bismillaahirrahmannirrahiim.. Puji syukur ke hadirat Allah SWT karena atas karunia-Nya jualah sehingga skripsi dengan judul Rancang bangun sistem pakar identifikasi penyakit pada ikan hias dengan certainty factor berbasis website ini dapat terselesaikan.Tidak lupa shalawat beriring salam penulis panjatkan kepada junjungan besar kita Nabi Muhammad SAW beserta keluarga dan para sahabatnya.Semoga ilmu dan pengetahuan yang tertulis dalam karya yang sederhan ini dapat bermanfaat
6. 6. vi ABSTRAK RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM PAKAR IDENTIFIKASI PENYAKIT PADA IKAN HIAS AIR TAWAR DENGAN METODE CERTAINTY FACTOR BERBASIS WEBSITE Perkembangan teknologi yang semakin pesat bertujuan untuk mempermudah kehidupan manusia dalam berbagai segi kehidupan. Berbagai segi kehidupan seperti Ekonomi, pendidikan dan kesehatan tak luput dari pemanfaatan teknologi. Hadirnya kecerdasan buatan merupakan pilar-pilar dari kemajuan teknologi karena dengan adanya cabang ilmu seperti sistem pakar, sistem fuzzy dan cabang ilmu lainya telah berhasil membantu kemajuan di kehidupan manusia. Ikan Hias merupakan jenis binatang peliharaan yang umum dipelihara di kalangan masyarakat. Hal tersebut terjadi karena harga serta perawatannya sederhana, tidak seperti binatang peliharaan lainya. Akan tetapi dikarenakan harganya yang terjangkau masyarakat sering melupakan fakta bahwa ikan merupakan mahkluk hidup yang juga harus diobati bila terkena penyakit serta dirawat dengan cara yang benar. Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini dirancang dan dibangun sebuah sistem pakar yang dapat mengidentifikasi penyakit pada ikan hias yang di bangun berdasarkan knowledge dari pakarnya. Serta terdiri dari tiga level user yaitu admin, pakar dan user. Sistem pakar identifikasi penyakit pada ikan hias air tawar ini di bagun dengan metode certainty factor dengan bahasa pemrograman PHP berbasis web. Kata kunci: Kecerdasan Buatan, Sistem Pakar, Ikan, Ikan Hias, PHP, Website
7. 7. vii ABSTRACT EXPERT SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION OF FRESHWATER ORNAMENT FISH DISEASE WITH CERTAINTY FACTOR METHOD BASED ON WEBSITE Development technology Increasing rapidly aims to simplify people's lives in many different aspects of life. Various aspects of life such as economy, education and health did not escape the use of technology. The presence of artificial intelligence are the cornerstones of technological progress because of the presence of science such as expert systems, fuzzy systems and other branches of science have helped progress in human life. Ornamental Fish is a common type of pet that is kept in the community. This happens because of the affordable prices and simple maintenance, unlike other pets. However, due to its affordability people often forget the fact that fish is a living thing, which should also be treated if it comes to the disease and treated in the right way. Therefore, this study was designed and built an expert system that can identify the disease in ornamental fishes in the wake based on the knowledge of experts. As well as consists of three levels, namely the admin user, and the expert user. Identification expert system diseases in ornamental fish in with certainty factor method based website build in PHP programming language. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, Fish, Fish Ornamental, PHP, Website
8. 8. viii KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT atas rahmat dan karunia-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan penyusunan proposal penelitian yang berjudul Rancang Bangun Sitem Pakar Identifikasi Penyakit Pada Ikan Hias Air Tawar Dengan Metode Certainty Factor Berbasis Website Tujuan penyusunan proposal penelitian ini adalah sebagai pedoman pelkasanaan penelitian tugas akhir pada Program Studi Teknik Informatika Fakultas Teknik Univer sitas Jenderal Soedirman. Proposal penelitian ini dapat terselesaikan dengan baik berkat bimbingan dan motivasi dari berbagai pihak , Oleh karena itu penulis mengucapkan terimakasih kepda: 1. Allah SWT yang telah memberi begitu banyak nikmat, seperti nikmat kehidupan, kesehatan, serta ilmu pengetahuan yang tiada habisnya. 2. Drs. Eddy Maryanto, M.Cs selaku Ketua Program Studi Teknik Informatika. 3. Bapak Ipung Permadi, S.Si, M.Cs. selaku dosen pembimbing I dan Bapak Arief Kelik Nugroho, S.Kom.,M.Cs selaku dosen pembimbing II, serta Bapak Bagun Wijayanto S.T, M.Cs selaku dosen pembimbing akademik yang telah memberikan bimbingan sekaligus arahan dalam penyusunan penelitian ini. 4. Segenap Keluarga terutama orang tua yang menjadi inspirasi dan yang tiada henti memberikan doa,semangat dan motivasi 5. Teman-Teman seperjuangan Teknik Informatika 2013 6. Semua pihak yang berperan dalam penyusunan penelitian ini. Penulis menyadi bahwa penyusunan penelitian ini tak luput dari kesalahan dan kekurangan . Oleh karena itu, adanya koreksi atas kesalahan tersebut sangat diharapkan untuk menyempurnakan penyusunan penlitian ini. Semoga penyusunan proposal penelitian ini bermanfaat bagi pembaca dan memberikan kontribusi untuk perkembangan dan penerapan ilmu Teknik Informatika. Purbalingga , 12 September 2016 Penulis
9. 9. ix DAFTAR ISI BIODATA ........................................................................................................................ii LEMBAR PENGESAHAN..................................................................................................iii MOTO DAN PERSEMBAHAN...........................................................................................v ABSTRAK........................................................................................................................vi KATA PENGANTAR.......................................................................................................viii DAFTAR ISI.....................................................................................................................ix DAFTAR GAMBAR.........................................................................................................lvi DAFTAR TABEL..............................................................................................................lvi I.PENDAHULUAN............................................................................................................1 1.1.Latar Belakang..........................................................................................................1 1.2.Rumusan Masalah....................................................................................................2 1.3.Batasan Masalah......................................................................................................2 1.4.Tujuan Dan Manfaat Penelitian................................................................................3 1.5.Metode Penelitian....................................................................................................4 II.TINJAUAN PUSTAKA....................................................................................................5 2.1.Kecerdasan Buatan...................................................................................................5 2.2.Sistem Pakar.............................................................................................................5 2.2.1.Pengertian Sistem Pakar........................................................................................5 2.2.2.Struktur Sistem Pakar............................................................................................5 2.2.3.Karateristik Sistem Pakar.......................................................................................8 2.2.4.Kelebihan Dan Kekurangan Sistem Pakar..............................................................9 2.2.5.Ketidakpastian.....................................................................................................10 2.2.6.Certainty Factor...................................................................................................11 Dalam sbidang ilmu sistem pakar, ada teori tentang ketidak pastian. Adanya teori ini adalah dikarenakan terkadang seorang pakar kesulitan untuk menentukan nilai kepastian dari keputusan yang di hasilkan. Certainty factor merupakan metode yang
10. 10. x digunakan untuk mengukur ketidakpastian dalam sistem pakar (Arhami, 2004). Penerapan metode certainty factor dapat di jalankan jika nilai dari setiap rule sudah diketahui baik bernilai positif maupun negative , seperti di bawah ini:.......................11 2.3.Aplikasi Berbasis Website.......................................................................................13 2.3.1.Pengertian Website.............................................................................................13 2.3.2.Pengertian Aplikasi Berbasis Website.................................................................13 2.4.Pengertian Basis Data.............................................................................................14 2.4.1.Komponen Sistem Basis Data..............................................................................14 2.4.2.Data Flow Diagram (DFD) ...................................................................................14 2.4.3.Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)......................................................................15 2.5.Bahasa Pemrograman Website..............................................................................16 2.5.1.HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language )................................................................17 2.5.2.CSS (Cascading style sheet).................................................................................17 2.5.3.PHP (Personal Homepage)...................................................................................17 2.6.PHP MyAdmin........................................................................................................18 2.7.Ikan Hias Air Tawar.................................................................................................18 2.8.Penelitian Sistem Pakar Terkait Ikan Hias..............................................................25 III.METODE PENELITIAN................................................................................................26 3.1.Waktu Dan Tempat Penelitian................................................................................26 3.2.Data Dan Alat.........................................................................................................26 2.2.1. Data...................................................................................................................26 2.2.2. Alat....................................................................................................................26 3.3.Prosedur Kerja........................................................................................................26 IV.HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN........................................................................................29 4.1.Analisis Kebutuhan.................................................................................................29 4.1.1.Memilih Tool.......................................................................................................29 4.1.2.Identifikasi Masalah Dan Menganalisis Pengetahuan.........................................30
11. 11. xi 4.1.2.1.Hasil Wawancara..............................................................................................30 4.1.2.2.Permasalahan...................................................................................................31 4.1.2.3.Kebutuhan Pengguna.......................................................................................31 4.1.2.4.Analisis Pengetahuan.......................................................................................35 4.2.Merancang Sistem..................................................................................................36 4.2.1.Tabel Akuisisi Pengetahuan.................................................................................36 4.2.2.Kaidah Produksi...................................................................................................41 Kaidah 1: White Spot....................................................................................................41 Gejala: Menggesekkan diri ke objek yang ada di aquarium (G1).................................41 Terlihat lesu dan lemah (G2)........................................................................................41 Kurang nafsu makan (G3).............................................................................................41 Pernafsannya cepat atau sulit bernafas (G4)................................................................41 Tampaknya bintik putih kekuningan (G5).....................................................................41 Kehilangan atau kerusakan sisik (G6)...........................................................................41 Keterangan: White spot merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh flagelata. Flagelata yang bernama Oodonium ini akan mencari ikan sebagai insangnya dan menempel seperti parasite. Tubuh ikan yang terinfeksi akan terlihat seperti memakai bedak karena bintik-bintik putih kekuningan yang sekilas terlihat seperti karat yang tubuh ikan....................................................................................................................41 Solusi: Untuk merawat ikan yang terjangkit penyakit ni diperlukan kondisi air yang bersuhu normal yaitu 28 C, hidupkan lampu akuarium untuk beberapa hari, dan hentikan penggunaan karbon filter sementara waktu. Tambahkan garam akuarium untuk penyembuhan atau obat yang mengandung Cupric Sulphate yang dapat membunuh parasite Oodonium didalam air................................................................42 Perhitungan CF:............................................................................................................42 white Spot dengan nilai CF = 99.994%..........................................................................42 G1 = 0.9........................................................................................................................42 G2 = 0.8........................................................................................................................42 G3 = 0.8........................................................................................................................42 G4 = 0.7........................................................................................................................42
12. 12. xii G5 = 0.9........................................................................................................................42 G6 = 0.5........................................................................................................................42 CF(A) = CF1+[CF2*(1-CF1)]...........................................................................................42 = 0.9+ [0.8*(1-0.9)].......................................................................................................42 = 0.98............................................................................................................................42 CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF3*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................42 = 0.98+ [0.8*(1-0.98)]...................................................................................................42 = 0.996..........................................................................................................................43 CF(C) = CF(B)+[CF4*(1-CF(B))].......................................................................................43 = 0.996+ [0.7*(1-0.996)]...............................................................................................43 = 0.9988........................................................................................................................43 CF(D) = CF(C)+[CF5*(1-CF(C))]......................................................................................43 = 0.9988+ [0.9*(1-0.9988)]...........................................................................................43 = 0.99988......................................................................................................................43 CF(E) = CF(D)+[CF6*(1-CF(D))]......................................................................................43 = 0.99988+ [0.5*(1-0.99988)].......................................................................................43 = 0.99994......................................................................................................................43 white Spot dengan nilai CF = 99.988%..........................................................................43 G1 = 0.9........................................................................................................................43 G2 = 0.8........................................................................................................................43 G3 = 0.8........................................................................................................................43 G4 = 0.7........................................................................................................................43 G5 = 0.9........................................................................................................................43 CF(A) = CF1+[CF2*(1-CF1)]...........................................................................................43 = 0.9+ [0.8*(1-0.9)].......................................................................................................43 = 0.98............................................................................................................................44
13. 13. xiii CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF3*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................44 = 0.98+ [0.8*(1-0.98)]...................................................................................................44 = 0.996..........................................................................................................................44 CF(C) = CF(B)+[CF4*(1-CF(B))].......................................................................................44 = 0.996+ [0.7*(1-0.996)]...............................................................................................44 = 0.9988........................................................................................................................44 CF(D) = CF(C)+[CF5*(1-CF(C))]......................................................................................44 = 0.9988+ [0.9*(1-0.9988)]...........................................................................................44 = 0.99988......................................................................................................................44 white Spot dengan nilai CF = 99.94%............................................................................44 G1 = 0.9........................................................................................................................44 G2 = 0.8........................................................................................................................44 G3 = 0.8........................................................................................................................44 G4 = 0.7........................................................................................................................44 G6 = 0.5........................................................................................................................44 CF(A) = CF1+[CF2*(1-CF1)]...........................................................................................44 = 0.9+ [0.8*(1-0.9)].......................................................................................................44 = 0.98............................................................................................................................45 CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF3*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................45 = 0.98+ [0.8*(1-0.98)]...................................................................................................45 = 0.996..........................................................................................................................45 CF(C) = CF(B)+[CF4*(1-CF(B))].......................................................................................45 = 0.996+ [0.7*(1-0.996)]...............................................................................................45 = 0.9988........................................................................................................................45 CF(D) = CF(C)+[CF6*(1-CF(C))]......................................................................................45 = 0.9988+ [0.5*(1-0.9988)]...........................................................................................45
14. 14. xiv = 0.9994........................................................................................................................45 white Spot dengan nilai CF = 99.88%............................................................................45 G1 = 0.9........................................................................................................................45 G2 = 0.8........................................................................................................................45 G3 = 0.8........................................................................................................................45 G4 = 0.7........................................................................................................................45 CF(A) = CF1+[CF2*(1-CF1)]...........................................................................................45 = 0.9+ [0.8*(1-0.9)].......................................................................................................45 = 0.98............................................................................................................................45 CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF3*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................46 = 0.98+ [0.8*(1-0.98)]...................................................................................................46 = 0.996..........................................................................................................................46 CF(C) = CF(B)+[CF4*(1-CF(B))].......................................................................................46 = 0.996+ [0.7*(1-0.996)]...............................................................................................46 = 0.9988........................................................................................................................46 white Spot dengan nilai CF = 99.96%............................................................................46 G1 = 0.9........................................................................................................................46 G2 = 0.8........................................................................................................................46 G3 = 0.8........................................................................................................................46 G5 = 0.9........................................................................................................................46 CF(A) = CF1+[CF2*(1-CF1)]...........................................................................................46 = 0.9+ [0.8*(1-0.9)].......................................................................................................46 = 0.98............................................................................................................................46 CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF3*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................46 = 0.98+ [0.8*(1-0.98)]...................................................................................................46 = 0.996..........................................................................................................................46
15. 15. xv CF(C) = CF(B)+[CF5*(1-CF(B))].......................................................................................46 = 0.996+ [0.9*(1-0.996)]...............................................................................................47 = 0.9996........................................................................................................................47 white Spot dengan nilai CF = 99.8%..............................................................................47 G1 = 0.9........................................................................................................................47 G2 = 0.8........................................................................................................................47 G3 = 0.8........................................................................................................................47 G6 = 0.5........................................................................................................................47 CF(A) = CF1+[CF2*(1-CF1)]...........................................................................................47 = 0.9+ [0.8*(1-0.9)].......................................................................................................47 = 0.98............................................................................................................................47 CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF3*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................47 = 0.98+ [0.8*(1-0.98)]...................................................................................................47 = 0.996..........................................................................................................................47 CF(C) = CF(B)+[CF6*(1-CF(B))].......................................................................................47 = 0.996+ [0.5*(1-0.996)]...............................................................................................47 = 0.998..........................................................................................................................47 white Spot dengan nilai CF = 99.6%..............................................................................47 G1 = 0.9........................................................................................................................47 G2 = 0.8........................................................................................................................48 G3 = 0.8........................................................................................................................48 CF(A) = CF1+[CF2*(1-CF1)]...........................................................................................48 = 0.9+ [0.8*(1-0.9)].......................................................................................................48 = 0.98............................................................................................................................48 CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF3*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................48 = 0.98+ [0.8*(1-0.98)]...................................................................................................48
16. 16. xvi = 0.996..........................................................................................................................48 white Spot dengan nilai CF = 99.4%..............................................................................48 G1 = 0.9........................................................................................................................48 G2 = 0.8........................................................................................................................48 G4 = 0.7........................................................................................................................48 CF(A) = CF1+[CF2*(1-CF1)]...........................................................................................48 = 0.9+ [0.8*(1-0.9)].......................................................................................................48 = 0.98............................................................................................................................48 CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF4*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................48 = 0.98+ [0.7*(1-0.98)]...................................................................................................48 = 0.994..........................................................................................................................48 white Spot dengan nilai CF = 99.8%..............................................................................49 G1 = 0.9........................................................................................................................49 G2 = 0.8........................................................................................................................49 G5 = 0.9........................................................................................................................49 CF(A) = CF1+[CF2*(1-CF1)]...........................................................................................49 = 0.9+ [0.8*(1-0.9)].......................................................................................................49 = 0.98............................................................................................................................49 CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF5*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................49 = 0.98+ [0.9*(1-0.98)]...................................................................................................49 = 0.998..........................................................................................................................49 white Spot dengan nilai CF = 99%.................................................................................49 G1 = 0.9........................................................................................................................49 G2 = 0.8........................................................................................................................49 G6 = 0.5........................................................................................................................49 CF(A) = CF1+[CF2*(1-CF1)]...........................................................................................49
17. 17. xvii = 0.9+ [0.8*(1-0.9)].......................................................................................................49 = 0.98............................................................................................................................49 CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF6*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................49 = 0.98+ [0.5*(1-0.98)]...................................................................................................50 = 0.99............................................................................................................................50 Kaidah 2: Deficiency.....................................................................................................50 Gejala: Kehilangan atau kerusakan insang (G7)...........................................................50 Kehilangan atau kerusakan Sirip (G8)...........................................................................50 Solusi: Untuk merawat ikan yang terjangkit penyakit ini dapat dilakukan dengan cara sederhana yaitu menambahkan kandungan mineral dan multivitamin pada air ........50 Perhitungan CF:............................................................................................................50 Deficiency dengan nilai CF = 96%.................................................................................50 G7 = 0.8........................................................................................................................50 G8 = 0.8........................................................................................................................50 CF(A) = CF7+[CF8*(1-CF7)]...........................................................................................50 = 0.8 + [0.8*(1-0.8)]......................................................................................................50 = 0.96............................................................................................................................51 Deficiency dengan nilai CF = 80%.................................................................................51 G7 = 0.8........................................................................................................................51 CF(A) = 0.8 ...................................................................................................................51 Kaidah 3: Tuberculosis..................................................................................................51 Gejala: Perut membesar tidak normal (G10)...............................................................51 Mata menonjol (G16)...................................................................................................51 Solusi: Penyakit ini relatip agak susah untuk ditanggulangi, kecuali kalau kita dapat mendeteksi secara dini maka kita dapat berikan antibiotika Streptomycin sulfat 20 mg/kg berat ikan dengan melalui pakan dengan pemberian dalam waktu panjang....51 Perhitungan CF:............................................................................................................52 Tuberculosis dengan nilai CF = 88%..............................................................................52
18. 18. xviii G10 = 0.7......................................................................................................................52 G16 = 0.6......................................................................................................................52 CF(A) = CF10+[CF16*(1-CF10)].....................................................................................52 = 0.7 + [0.6*(1-0.7)]......................................................................................................52 = 0.88............................................................................................................................52 Tuberculosis dengan nilai CF = 70%..............................................................................52 G10 = 0.7......................................................................................................................52 CF(A) = 0.8 ...................................................................................................................52 Tuberculosis dengan nilai CF = 60%..............................................................................52 G10 = 0.6......................................................................................................................52 CF(A) = 0.6....................................................................................................................52 Kaidah 4: Gondok.........................................................................................................52 Gejala: Kerongkongan membesar atau tidak normal (G11).........................................52 Solusi: Untuk merawat ikan yang terjangkit penyakit ni diperlukan kondisi air yang bersuhu normal yaitu 28 C. Tambahkan garam aquarium secukupnya........................53 Perhitungan CF:............................................................................................................53 Gondok dengan nilai CF = 90%.....................................................................................53 G11 = 0.9......................................................................................................................53 CF(A) = 0.9....................................................................................................................53 Kaidah 5: Shock............................................................................................................53 Gejala: Menggesekkan diri ke objek yang ada di aquarium (G1).................................53 Terlihat lesu dan lemah (G2)........................................................................................53 Solusi: Untuk merawat ikan yang terkena shock, kaget atau stress hanya perlu perawatn sederhana. Ganti air akuarium secara berkala serta perhatikan perubahan temperature yang terjadi secara drastis. Usahakan suhu air tetap pada suhu normal yaitu 28 C......................................................................................................................53 Perhitungan CF:............................................................................................................54 Shock dengan nilai CF = 85%........................................................................................54
19. 19. xix G1 = 0.5........................................................................................................................54 G2 = 0.7........................................................................................................................54 CF(A) = CF1+[CF2*(1-CF1)]...........................................................................................54 = 0.5 + [0.7*(1-0.5)]......................................................................................................54 = 0.85............................................................................................................................54 Shock dengan nilai CF = 50%........................................................................................54 G1 = 0.5........................................................................................................................54 CF(A) = 0.5 ...................................................................................................................54 Shock dengan nilai CF = 70%........................................................................................54 G2 = 0.7........................................................................................................................54 CF(A) = 0.7 ...................................................................................................................54 Kaidah 6: Fin Rot..........................................................................................................54 Gejala: Kehilangan atau kerusakan sirip (G8)..............................................................54 Terlihat lesu dan lemah (G2)........................................................................................54 Perhitungan CF:............................................................................................................55 Fin Rot dengan nilai CF = 97%.......................................................................................55 G2 = 0.7........................................................................................................................55 G8 = 0.9........................................................................................................................55 CF(A) = CF2+[CF8*(1-CF2)]...........................................................................................55 = 0.7 + [0.9*(1-0.7)]......................................................................................................55 = 0.97............................................................................................................................55 Fin Rot dengan nilai CF = 70%.......................................................................................55 G2 = 0.7........................................................................................................................55 CF(A) = 0.7....................................................................................................................55 Fin Rot dengan nilai CF = 90%.......................................................................................55 G8 = 0.9........................................................................................................................56
20. 20. xx CF(A) = 0.7....................................................................................................................56 Kaidah 7: Bacterial Gill Rot...........................................................................................56 Gejala: Insang berwarna putih abu-abu atau berbulu (G12)......................................56 Terlihat lesu dan lemah (G2)........................................................................................56 Kurang nafsu makan (G3).............................................................................................56 Solusi: Penanggulangan penyakit tersebut dapat dengan cara pencegahan yaitu antara lain dengan mempertahankan kualitas air supaya tetap optimal, penerapan sanitasi kolam dan manajemen budidaya yang tepat. Pengobatan dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan beberapa antibiotika yaitu antara lain Oxytetracyclin hydrochlorid 5-10 mg/l air dengan cara perendaman selama 24 jam. Baytril juga dapat dipakai dengan dosis 8-10 ml/m3 air dengan cara perendaman selama 24 jam dilakukan dalam wadah penampung....................................................56 Perhitungan CF:............................................................................................................56 Bacterial Gill Rot dengan nilai CF = 99.4%....................................................................56 G2 = 0.7........................................................................................................................57 G3 = 0.8........................................................................................................................57 G12 = 0.9......................................................................................................................57 CF(A) = CF2+[CF3*(1-CF2)]...........................................................................................57 = 0.7 + [0.8*(1-0.7)]......................................................................................................57 = 0.94............................................................................................................................57 CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF12*(1-CF(A))]....................................................................................57 = 0.94 + [0.9*(1-0.94)]..................................................................................................57 = 0.994..........................................................................................................................57 Bacterial Gill Rot dengan nilai CF = 94%.......................................................................57 G2 = 0.7........................................................................................................................57 G3 = 0.8........................................................................................................................57 CF(A) = CF2+[CF3*(1-CF2)]...........................................................................................57 = 0.7 + [0.8*(1-0.7)]......................................................................................................57 = 0.94............................................................................................................................57
21. 21. xxi Bacterial Gill Rot dengan nilai CF = 98%.......................................................................57 G3 = 0.8........................................................................................................................57 G12 = 0.9......................................................................................................................58 CF(A) = CF3+[CF12*(1-CF3)].........................................................................................58 = 0.8 + [0.9*(1-0.8)]......................................................................................................58 = 0.98............................................................................................................................58 Bacterial Gill Rot dengan nilai CF = 97%.......................................................................58 G2 = 0.7........................................................................................................................58 G12 = 0.9......................................................................................................................58 CF(A) = CF2+[CF12*(1-CF2)].........................................................................................58 = 0.7 + [0.9*(1-0.7)]......................................................................................................58 = 0.97............................................................................................................................58 Kaidah 8: Culumnaris....................................................................................................58 Gejala: Kehilanagn atau kerusakan sirip (G8).............................................................58 Adanya bilu halus pada sirip (G13)...............................................................................58 Kurang nafsu makan (G3).............................................................................................58 Pernafsannya cepat atau sulit bernafas (G4)................................................................58 Tampaknya bintik putih kekuningan (G5).....................................................................58 Kehilangan atau kerusakan sisik (G6)...........................................................................58 Perhitungan CF:............................................................................................................59 Culumnaris dengan nilai CF = 99.82%...........................................................................59 G3 = 0.7........................................................................................................................59 G5 = 0.8........................................................................................................................59 G4 = 0.6........................................................................................................................59 G6 = 0.7........................................................................................................................59 G8 = 0.5........................................................................................................................59
22. 22. xxii G13= 0.5.......................................................................................................................59 CF(A) = CF3+[CF4*(1-CF3)]...........................................................................................60 = 0.7+ [0.8*(1-0.7)].......................................................................................................60 = 0.94............................................................................................................................60 CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF5*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................60 = 0.94+ [0.6*(1-0.94)]...................................................................................................60 = 0.976..........................................................................................................................60 CF(C) = CF(B)+[CF6*(1-CF(B))].......................................................................................60 = 0.976+ [0.7*(1-0.976)]...............................................................................................60 = 0.9928........................................................................................................................60 CF(D) = CF(C)+[CF8*(1-CF(C))]......................................................................................60 = 0.9928+ [0.5*(1-0.9928)]...........................................................................................60 = 0.9964........................................................................................................................60 CF(E) = CF(D)+[CF13*(1-CF(D))]....................................................................................60 = 0.9964+ [0.5*(1-0.9964)]...........................................................................................60 = 0.9982........................................................................................................................60 Culumnaris dengan nilai CF = 99.64%...........................................................................60 G3 = 0.7........................................................................................................................60 G5 = 0.8........................................................................................................................60 G4 = 0.6........................................................................................................................61 G6 = 0.7........................................................................................................................61 G8 = 0.5........................................................................................................................61 CF(A) = CF3+[CF4*(1-CF3)]...........................................................................................61 = 0.7+ [0.8*(1-0.7)].......................................................................................................61 = 0.94............................................................................................................................61 CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF5*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................61
23. 23. xxiii = 0.94+ [0.6*(1-0.94)]...................................................................................................61 = 0.976..........................................................................................................................61 CF(C) = CF(B)+[CF6*(1-CF(B))].......................................................................................61 = 0.976+ [0.7*(1-0.976)]...............................................................................................61 = 0.9928........................................................................................................................61 CF(D) = CF(C)+[CF8*(1-CF(C))]......................................................................................61 = 0.9928+ [0.5*(1-0.9928)]...........................................................................................61 = 0.9964........................................................................................................................61 Culumnaris dengan nilai CF = 99.28%...........................................................................61 G3 = 0.7........................................................................................................................61 G5 = 0.8........................................................................................................................61 G4 = 0.6........................................................................................................................62 G6 = 0.7........................................................................................................................62 CF(A) = CF3+[CF4*(1-CF3)]...........................................................................................62 = 0.7+ [0.8*(1-0.7)].......................................................................................................62 = 0.94............................................................................................................................62 CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF5*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................62 = 0.94+ [0.6*(1-0.94)]...................................................................................................62 = 0.976..........................................................................................................................62 CF(C) = CF(B)+[CF6*(1-CF(B))].......................................................................................62 = 0.976+ [0.7*(1-0.976)]...............................................................................................62 = 0.9928........................................................................................................................62 Culumnaris dengan nilai CF = 98.8%.............................................................................62 G3 = 0.7........................................................................................................................62 G5 = 0.8........................................................................................................................62 G4 = 0.6........................................................................................................................62
24. 24. xxiv G13 = 0.5......................................................................................................................62 CF(A) = CF3+[CF4*(1-CF3)]...........................................................................................62 = 0.7+ [0.8*(1-0.7)].......................................................................................................62 = 0.94............................................................................................................................63 CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF5*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................63 = 0.94+ [0.6*(1-0.94)]...................................................................................................63 = 0.976..........................................................................................................................63 CF(C) = CF(B)+[CF13*(1-CF(B))].....................................................................................63 = 0.976+ [0.5*(1-0.976)]...............................................................................................63 = 0.988..........................................................................................................................63 Culumnaris dengan nilai CF = 97.6%.............................................................................63 G3 = 0.7........................................................................................................................63 G5 = 0.8........................................................................................................................63 G4 = 0.6........................................................................................................................63 CF(A) = CF3+[CF4*(1-CF3)]...........................................................................................63 = 0.7+ [0.8*(1-0.7)].......................................................................................................63 = 0.94............................................................................................................................63 CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF5*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................63 = 0.94+ [0.6*(1-0.94)]...................................................................................................63 = 0.976..........................................................................................................................63 Culumnaris dengan nilai CF = 98.2%.............................................................................63 G3 = 0.7........................................................................................................................64 G5 = 0.8........................................................................................................................64 G6 = 0.7........................................................................................................................64 CF(A) = CF3+[CF4*(1-CF3)]...........................................................................................64 = 0.7+ [0.8*(1-0.7)].......................................................................................................64
25. 25. xxv = 0.94............................................................................................................................64 CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF6*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................64 = 0.94+ [0.7*(1-0.94)]...................................................................................................64 = 0.982..........................................................................................................................64 Culumnaris dengan nilai CF = 97%................................................................................64 G3 = 0.7........................................................................................................................64 G5 = 0.8........................................................................................................................64 G8 = 0.5........................................................................................................................64 CF(A) = CF3+[CF4*(1-CF3)]...........................................................................................64 = 0.7+ [0.8*(1-0.7)].......................................................................................................64 = 0.94............................................................................................................................64 CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF8*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................64 = 0.94+ [0.5*(1-0.94)]...................................................................................................64 = 0.97............................................................................................................................65 Culumnaris dengan nilai CF = 94%................................................................................65 G3 = 0.7........................................................................................................................65 G5 = 0.8........................................................................................................................65 CF(A) = CF3+[CF4*(1-CF3)]...........................................................................................65 = 0.7+ [0.8*(1-0.7)].......................................................................................................65 = 0.94............................................................................................................................65 Culumnaris dengan nilai CF = 88%................................................................................65 G3 = 0.7........................................................................................................................65 G4 = 0.6........................................................................................................................65 CF(A) = CF3+[CF4*(1-CF3)]...........................................................................................65 = 0.7+ [0.6*(1-0.7)].......................................................................................................65 = 0.88............................................................................................................................65
26. 26. xxvi Culumnaris dengan nilai CF = 91%................................................................................65 G3 = 0.7........................................................................................................................65 G6 = 0.7........................................................................................................................65 CF(A) = CF3+[CF4*(1-CF3)]...........................................................................................65 = 0.7+ [0.7*(1-0.7)].......................................................................................................65 = 0.91............................................................................................................................66 Culumnaris dengan nilai CF = 85%................................................................................66 G3 = 0.7........................................................................................................................66 G13 = 0.5......................................................................................................................66 CF(A) = CF3+[CF4*(1-CF3)]...........................................................................................66 = 0.7+ [0.5*(1-0.7)].......................................................................................................66 = 0.85............................................................................................................................66 Culumnaris dengan nilai CF = 92%................................................................................66 G4 = 0.6........................................................................................................................66 G5 = 0.8........................................................................................................................66 CF(A) = CF3+[CF4*(1-CF3)]...........................................................................................66 = 0.6+ [0.8*(1-0.6)].......................................................................................................66 = 0.92............................................................................................................................66 Culumnaris dengan nilai CF = 80%................................................................................66 G4 = 0.6........................................................................................................................66 G8 = 0.5........................................................................................................................66 CF(A) = CF3+[CF4*(1-CF3)]...........................................................................................66 = 0.6+ [0.5*(1-0.6)].......................................................................................................66 = 0.8..............................................................................................................................67 Culumnaris dengan nilai CF = 90%................................................................................67 G5 = 0.8........................................................................................................................67
27. 27. xxvii G8 = 0.5........................................................................................................................67 CF(A) = CF3+[CF4*(1-CF3)]...........................................................................................67 = 0.8+ [0.5*(1-0.8)].......................................................................................................67 = 0.9..............................................................................................................................67 Kaidah 9: Body Inflamation on the skin........................................................................67 Gejala: Kulitnya robek berdarah sekitar 1mm-2cm (G9).............................................67 Borok pada kulit dna otot (G14)...................................................................................67 Warna kulit menggelap (G22).......................................................................................67 Solusi: Penangulangan dapat dilakukan dengan cara pemberian pakan yang tepat baik jumlah maupun mutunya. Selain itu dapat dengan menggunakan vaksin Hydrovet. Pengobatan dapat dengan menggunakan antibiotika, baik dengan melalui suntikan, melalui makanan ataupun dengan perendaman. Pengobatan dengan melalui suntikan antara lain dengan menggunakan Oxytetracyclin HCl 25-30 mg/kg ikan diberikan sebanyak 3 kali tiap tiga hari sekali. Pemberian antibiotika dengan melalui makanan dengan menggunakan obat yang sama dengan dosis 50 mg/kg ikan diberikan selama 7-10 hari berturut-turut. Perendaman dapat juga dilakukan dengan obat yang sama dengan dosis 5-10 mg/l air selama 24 jam, atau dengan menggunakan Baytril dosis 8-10 ml/m3 air selama 24 jam......................................................................................67 Perhitungan CF:............................................................................................................68 Body Inflamation on the skin dengan nilai CF = 98.8%.................................................68 G9 = 0.4........................................................................................................................68 G14 = 0.9......................................................................................................................68 G22 = 0.8......................................................................................................................68 CF(A) = CF9+[CF14*(1-CF9)].........................................................................................68 = 0.4+ [0.9*(1-0.4)].......................................................................................................68 = 0.94............................................................................................................................68 CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF22*(1-CF(A))]....................................................................................68 = 0.94+ [0.8*(1-0.94)]...................................................................................................68 = 0.988..........................................................................................................................68 Body Inflamation on the skin dengan nilai CF = 88%....................................................69
28. 28. xxviii G9 = 0.4........................................................................................................................69 G22 = 0.8......................................................................................................................69 CF(A) = CF9+[CF22*(1-CF9)].........................................................................................69 = 0.4+ [0.8*(1-0.4)].......................................................................................................69 = 0.88............................................................................................................................69 Body Inflamation on the skin dengan nilai CF = 94%....................................................69 G9 = 0.4........................................................................................................................69 G14 = 0.9......................................................................................................................69 CF(A) = CF9+[CF14*(1-CF9)].........................................................................................69 = 0.4+ [0.9*(1-0.4)].......................................................................................................69 = 0.94............................................................................................................................69 Body Inflamation on the skin dengan nilai CF = 99%....................................................69 G14 = 0.9......................................................................................................................69 G22 = 0.8......................................................................................................................69 CF(A) = CF9+[CF22*(1-CF9)].........................................................................................69 = 0.9+ [0.8*(1-0.9)].......................................................................................................69 = 0.99............................................................................................................................69 Kaidah 10: Dropsy Of Aquarium Fish............................................................................70 Gejala: Kelebihan lendir (G15)....................................................................................70 Mata menonjol (G16)..................................................................................................70 Sisik berdiri seperti nanas (G27)...................................................................................70 Solusi: Untuk merawat ikan yang terjangkit penyakit ini pastikan bahwa akuarium selalu dalam kondisi prima (optimal), sehingga ikan tidak stress. Ikan yang sakit harus segera diisolasi dan dirawat secara optimal. Pengobatan dapat dilakukan dengan memberikan oxytetracycline atau chloramphenicol dicampur dengan pakan ikan dengan dosis 55mg/kg pakan ikan selama 10 hari. Dapat juga diobati menggunakan sulphamerazine dengan dosis 265mg/kg pakan ikan selama 3 hari.............................70 Perhitungan CF:............................................................................................................71
29. 29. xxix Dropsy Of Aquarium Fish dengan nilai CF = 93%..........................................................71 G15 = 0.8......................................................................................................................71 G16 = 0.3......................................................................................................................71 G27 = 0.5......................................................................................................................71 CF(A) = CF15+[CF16*(1-CF15)].....................................................................................71 = 0.8+ [0.3*(1-0.8)].......................................................................................................71 = 0.86............................................................................................................................71 CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF27*(1-CF(A))]....................................................................................71 = 0.86+ [0.5*(1-0.86)]...................................................................................................71 = 0.93............................................................................................................................71 Dropsy Of Aquarium Fish dengan nilai CF = 86%..........................................................71 G15 = 0.8......................................................................................................................71 G16 = 0.3......................................................................................................................71 CF(A) = CF15+[CF16*(1-CF15)].....................................................................................71 = 0.8+ [0.3*(1-0.8)].......................................................................................................71 = 0.86............................................................................................................................71 Dropsy Of Aquarium Fish dengan nilai CF = 90%..........................................................71 G15 = 0.8......................................................................................................................72 G27 = 0.5......................................................................................................................72 CF(A) = CF15+[CF27*(1-CF15)].....................................................................................72 = 0.8+ [0.5*(1-0.8)].......................................................................................................72 = 0.9..............................................................................................................................72 Dropsy Of Aquarium Fish dengan nilai CF = 65%..........................................................72 G16 = 0.3......................................................................................................................72 G27 = 0.5......................................................................................................................72 CF(A) = CF16+[CF27*(1-CF16)].....................................................................................72
30. 30. xxx = 0.3+ [0.5*(1-0.3)].......................................................................................................72 = 0.65............................................................................................................................72 Kaidah 11: Erythrodermatitis.......................................................................................72 Gejala: Terlihat adanya borok pada kulit ikan (G14)....................................................72 Borok putih pada punggung dan ekor (G26)...............................................................72 Solusi: Pengobatan penyakit ini dapat dilakukan dengan obat herbal dan obat biasa. Pengobatan herbal adalah pengobatan yang menggunakan Daun jombang dan ketapang. Pengobatan dengan obat biasa adalah pengobatan dengan memberikan obat dengan kandungan fenoksietanol, nitrofurazon, kloramin. Cara pengoabatan herbal ialah dengan memotong daun jombang dan ketapang, lalu berikan pada kolam sebesar 60 gram/liter. Sedangan cara pengobatan dengan obat biasa adalah dengan memberikan kandungan fenoksietanol, nitrofurazon, kloramin sebanyak 1gram/1kg pakan ikan ...................................................................................................................73 Perhitungan CF:............................................................................................................73 Erythrodermatitis dengan nilai CF = 68%.....................................................................73 G14 = 0.6......................................................................................................................73 G26 = 0.2......................................................................................................................73 CF(A) = CF14+[CF26*(1-CF14)].....................................................................................73 = 0.6+ [0.2*(1-0.6)].......................................................................................................73 = 0.68............................................................................................................................73 Erythrodermatitis dengan nilai CF = 60%.....................................................................73 G14 = 0.6......................................................................................................................73 CF(A) = 0.6....................................................................................................................73 Erythrodermatitis dengan nilai CF = 20%.....................................................................73 G16 = 0.2......................................................................................................................73 CF(A) = 0.2....................................................................................................................74 Kaidah 12: Lymphocytis................................................................................................74 Gejala: Kehilangan atau kerusakan sirip (G8).............................................................74 Adanya kumpulan bintik atau telur putih dikulit (G18)................................................74
31. 31. xxxi Solusi: Perawatan ikan yang terjangkit penyakit ini dapat dilakukan dengan obat herbal. Obat herbal seperti daun jambu biji merupakan tanaman herbal anti virus. Cara menggunakannya ialah dengan merebus daun tersebut, setelah dingin rendam dengan ikan selama dua puluh empat jam dengan dosis dua gram/ enam puluh liter air.................................................................................................................................74 Perhitungan CF:............................................................................................................74 Lymphocytis dengan nilai CF = 80%..............................................................................74 G8 = 0.5........................................................................................................................74 G18 = 0.6......................................................................................................................74 CF(A) = CF8+[CF18*(1-CF8)].........................................................................................74 = 0.5+ [0.6*(1-0.5)].......................................................................................................74 = 0.8..............................................................................................................................75 Lymphocytis dengan nilai CF = 50%..............................................................................75 G8 = 0.5........................................................................................................................75 CF(A) = 0.5....................................................................................................................75 Lymphocytis dengan nilai CF = 60%..............................................................................75 G18 = 0.6......................................................................................................................75 CF(A) = 0.6....................................................................................................................75 Kaidah 13: Carp Pox......................................................................................................75 Gejala: Kulit atau lender menipis (G17)......................................................................75 Adanya bintik oval pucat berukuran 5-10 mm (G19)....................................................75 Solusi: Perawatan ikan yang terjangkit penyakit ini dapat dilakukan dengan obat herbal. Obat herbal seperti daun jambu biji merupakan tanaman herbal anti virus. Cara menggunakannya ialah dengan merebus daun tersebut, setelah dingin rendam dengan ikan selama dua puluh empat jam dengan dosis dua gram/ enam puluh liter air.................................................................................................................................75 Perhitungan CF:............................................................................................................75 Lymphocytis dengan nilai CF = 80%..............................................................................76 G8 = 0.5........................................................................................................................76 G18 = 0.6......................................................................................................................76
32. 32. xxxii CF(A) = CF8+[CF18*(1-CF8)].........................................................................................76 = 0.5+ [0.6*(1-0.5)].......................................................................................................76 = 0.8..............................................................................................................................76 Lymphocytis dengan nilai CF = 50%..............................................................................76 G8 = 0.5........................................................................................................................76 CF(A) = 0.5....................................................................................................................76 Lymphocytis dengan nilai CF = 60%..............................................................................76 G18 = 0.6......................................................................................................................76 CF(A) = 0.6....................................................................................................................76 Kaidah 14: Spring Virosis..............................................................................................76 Gejala: Kulitnya robek berdarah sekitar 1mm-2cm (G9).............................................76 Kehilangan atau kerusakkan insang (G7)......................................................................76 Kehilangan atau kerusakkan sirip (G8).........................................................................76 Kelebihan lendir (G15)..................................................................................................76 Mata menonjol (G16)...................................................................................................76 Terlihat benjolan pada anusnya (G20).........................................................................77 Solusi: Perawatan ikan yang terjangkit penyakit ini dapat dilakukan dengan obat herbal. Obat herbal seperti daun jambu biji merupakan tanaman herbal anti virus. Cara menggunakannya ialah dengan merebus daun tersebut, setelah dingin rendam dengan ikan selama 24 jam dengan dosis 2 gram/ 60 liter air......................................77 Perhitungan CF:............................................................................................................77 Spring Virosis dengan nilai CF = 98.32%.......................................................................77 G7 = 0.6........................................................................................................................77 G8 = 0.5........................................................................................................................77 G9 = 0.6........................................................................................................................77 G15 = 0.5......................................................................................................................77 G16 = 0.4......................................................................................................................77 G20= 0.3.......................................................................................................................77
33. 33. xxxiii CF(A) = CF7+[CF8*(1-CF7)]...........................................................................................77 = 0.6+ [0.5*(1-0.6)].......................................................................................................77 = 0.8..............................................................................................................................77 CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF9*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................78 = 0.8+ [0.6*(1-0.8)].......................................................................................................78 = 0.92............................................................................................................................78 CF(C) = CF(B)+[CF15*(1-CF(B))].....................................................................................78 = 0.92+ [0.5*(1-0.92)]...................................................................................................78 = 0.96............................................................................................................................78 CF(D) = CF(C)+[CF16*(1-CF(C))]....................................................................................78 = 0.96+ [0.4*(1-0.96)]...................................................................................................78 = 0.976..........................................................................................................................78 CF(E) = CF(D)+[CF20*(1-CF(D))]....................................................................................78 = 0.976+ [0.3*(1-0.976)]...............................................................................................78 = 0.9832........................................................................................................................78 Spring Virosis dengan nilai CF = 97.6%.........................................................................78 G7 = 0.6........................................................................................................................78 G8 = 0.5........................................................................................................................78 G9 = 0.6........................................................................................................................78 G15 = 0.5......................................................................................................................78 G16 = 0.4......................................................................................................................78 CF(A) = CF7+[CF8*(1-CF7)]...........................................................................................79 = 0.6+ [0.5*(1-0.6)].......................................................................................................79 = 0.8..............................................................................................................................79 CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF9*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................79 = 0.8+ [0.6*(1-0.8)].......................................................................................................79
34. 34. xxxiv = 0.92............................................................................................................................79 CF(C) = CF(B)+[CF15*(1-CF(B))].....................................................................................79 = 0.92+ [0.5*(1-0.92)]...................................................................................................79 = 0.96............................................................................................................................79 CF(D) = CF(C)+[CF16*(1-CF(C))]....................................................................................79 = 0.96+ [0.4*(1-0.96)]...................................................................................................79 = 0.976..........................................................................................................................79 Spring Virosis dengan nilai CF = 97.2%.........................................................................79 G7 = 0.6..............