The Inside Story: How the IIC’s Connectivity Framework Guides IIoT Connectivity Selection

Dr. Stan Schneider, Chief Executive Officer, RTI

Dr. Rajive Joshi, Principal Solution Architect, RTI

The Inside Story: How the IIC’s Connectivity

Framework Guides IIoT Connectivity Selection

Moderator:

Brandon Lewis, OpenSystems Media

Speakers:

Agenda

Housekeeping

Presentation

Questions and Answers

Wrap-up

The Inside Story: How the IIC’s Connectivity Framework Guides IIoT Connectivity Selection

Rajive Joshi, PhD. RTI Principal Solution Architect; IIC Connectivity Co-Chair

Stan Schneider, PhD. RTI CEO; IIC Steering Committee

©2017 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.

Space is big. Really big. You just won't believe how vastly, hugely, mind-bogglingly big it is.

I mean, you may think it's a long way down the road to the chemist, but that's just peanuts to space.

--Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy

NGC3370

EducationColleges & UniversitiesConferences & WorkshopsLaboritoriesPublicationSchoolsTrade Schools

Aerospace & DefenseAir ForceArrmyAviationHome Land SecurityMilitaryNavySpace Flight

AgricultureFarmingFishingForestryHydrologyLife SciencesRanchingWeather

Buildings & FacilitiesApartmentsBuilding & ConstructionBuilding Maintenance Building SecurityCommercial BuildingsConstructionEngineeringHomeHousing AuthoritiesHVACOfficeReal Estate

Consumer & HomeAutomotiveCommercial CookingConsumer ProductsDay CareElder CareEntertainmentFood and BeverageFood TrucksGroceryHome ProductsHospitalityPet CarePharmaciesPhotographyRecreation ServicesRestaurantsSporting EventsStreet VendorsTourismTravel

Energy & UtilitiesChemicalsElectricMiningOil & GasPetro-ChemicalsPowerRenewableSewerWater

EnvironmentAir Pollution ControlBiodiversity Eco-constructionEnvironmental Monitoring & InstrumentationEnvironmental Research & DevelopmentHeat & Energy Saving and Management

MetrologyNature ProtectionNoise & Vibration Control

OceanographyRecycled Materials Remediation & Clean Up of Soil & Groundwater Renewable Energy Production Waste Management & RecyclingWaste Water Treatment Water Supply

Finance & BankingAccounting SystemsATM SystemsCredit Card SystemsPoint of SalesRetail Banking

Public SectorCityCivil Administration Disaster PreventionEducationEmergency & Crisis ResponseEnvironmentFireLaw Enforcement & PoliceMunicipalities & CountiesPublic SafetyPublic SecuritySurveillanceTransportationWaste ManagementWater

HealthcareAssisted Care

Clinical Trials

Connected Medical Devices

Continuous Patient Monitoring

Dentistry

Disease Diagnosis

Home Healthcare

Hospitals

Life Sciences

Medical Offices

Medical Therapy

Pharma

Pharmacies

Media & Communication

Cable Providers

Computers

Entertainment

Global Media

Phones

Satellite TV

Telecommunications Carriers

Televisions

Video Recorders

Wireless Services

ManufacturingApparelBeverage & Tobacco ProductChemicalsComputer & Electronic ProductsElectrical Equipment & ComponentsFabricated Metal Products

FactoryFoodFurniture & Related Products

Industrial AutomationLeather & Allied ProductsMachineryNonmetallic Mineral ProductsPaperPetroleum & CoalPlastics & Rubber ProductsPrimary Metal ManufacturingPrinting & Related Support ActivitiesTextile MillsTextilesTransportation EquipmentWood Products

Mining & MetalsAluminum

Coal

Diamonds & Gemstones

General Mining

Gold

Iron & Steel

Nonferrous Metals

Platinum & Precious Metals

Near Space & New SpaceClosed Loop Ecological Systems

Closed Loop Living Systems

Constellation Controllers

Consumer Traffic Analytics

Ecological Planning

Environmental Monitoring

Hyper-Local Agriculture

Hyper-Local Construction

Hyper-Spectral Imaging

In-Flight Satelite Servicing

On-Site Materials Analytics and Inventory

On-Site Materials Optimization

Parametric City Planning

Parametric Construction Planning

Remote Maintenance and Diagnostics

Space Based Planning

Weather Pattern Analytics

TransportationAeronautics

Airport

Cargo Handling

Cruise Industry

Fleet Management

Freight Management

Logistics

Mobility

Pipelines

Postal & Delivery Services

Public Transportation

Rail

Roads

Shipping

Traffic Infrastructure

Transportation

Trucking

Vehicle

Wholesale & Distribution RetailApparel RetailersBroadline RetailersDrug RetailersFood Retailers & WholesalersHome Improvement RetailersSpecialized Consumer ServicesSpecialty Retailers

The IIoT will have a multi-trillion-dollar impact across all industries


The Industrial IoT is Smart Machine Infrastructure

©2017 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)Consumer Internet of Things (CIoT)

The smart machine era will be the most disruptive in the history of IT-- Gartner

The Industrial IoT Disruption

The real value is a common architecture that connects sensor to cloud, interoperates between vendors, and spans industries

RTI lives at the intersection of functional artificial intelligence and pervasive networkingSM


Smart Machines Join the Care Team

©2017 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. http://www.rti.com/mk/webinars.html#GEHEALTHCARE

The Medical Industry Now Competes on Networking

http://www.rti.com/mk/webinars.html#GEHEALTHCARE

Carbot Architecture


Cloud Services

Sensing

Planning

Radar, LIDAR Vehicle Platform Navigation

Error Management

Visualization

Situation AnalysisSituation Awareness

Vision FusionCameras, LIDAR,

Radar …

Data Fusion

LoggingVehicle Control

Localization

Databus

Traffic Maps

DatabusCars now Compete on Software

Grid Modernization

• The OpenFMB (Field Message Bus) architecture integrates solar, wind, and storage into the grid

• Dozens of vendors, several utilities, and standards organizations are building devices, user interfaces, and analytics

• DDS powers OpenFMB communications

The Grid Will Compete on Distributed Control


Software is eating the world-- Andreessen Horowitz

Silicon Valley VC

What’s the Disruption?

The Real Disruption: Culture

“If you went to bed last night as an industrial company, you’re going to wake up this morning as a software and analytics company”

-- Jeff ImmeltGE CEO


The Future of Secure, Distributed Software


“If you went to bed last night as a software and analytics company, you’re going to wake up this morning as a networking and securitycompany”

-- Stan Schneider

Real-Time Innovations, Inc.

How Can We Build IIoT Systems?Connectivity Architecture

Industrial Internet Consortium: 270+ Companies, 30+ Countries

IIC Founding and Contributing Members

The World’s Largest IoT ConsortiumThe IIC created the IIoT market

The Industrial Internet Connectivity Framework

– The industry’s only detailed analysis of IIoT Connectivity Technologies

– Architecture– Assessment– Standards

• DDS• OPC UA• OneM2M• HTTP• MQTT• CoAP

– Examples & selection guidance– Years of work by many architects across

industries, standards, & technologies

©2017 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.Released Feb 28, 2017

IICF : A Roadmap for IoT Practitioners & System Architects

Guide Map• What is the role of connectivity in an IIoT

architecture?• What connectivity layers does an IIoT system

need, and what are each layer’s core functions, considerations and trade-offs?

• How can communication extend from a generic IIoT design to participants using a domain-specific connectivity technology?

• What must core connectivity standards provide?

• How to categorize and evaluate a given connectivity technology?

• How to assess suitability of a connectivity technology against system requirements?

• How to choose the right core connectivity standard for a problem domain?Rich Landscape of Connectivity

IICF Goals

Clarity

GuidanceFoundation

19

Guide map to the rich but

often confusing landscape of

IIoT connectivity

Useful, practical, tangible

guidance for requirements

assessment, technology

evaluation and selection

Sets a stable long

term foundation for

IIoT interoperability

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptual_interoperability

Levels of Interoperability

Shared data context

Shared data structure

Shared opaque data

Technical Interoperability Example…

21

Messages

Share opaque data (byte sequences)

Syntactic Interoperability Example…

22

Messages

Data (State, Events, Streams)

ShapeType

x y

colorShare structured datatypes

Semantic Interoperability Example…

23

Messages


Information (Data in Context)

ShapeType

Room

x

Temperature

y

Humidity

color

Room Color

ShapeType

Car

x

Row

y

Column

color

Car Color

?

Share data-objects in context

Evolution of the IIoT Connectivity Stack

24

7-Layer OSI Stack Model

(1994)

4-Layer Internet Stack Model

(1989)

Industrial IoT

(2014)

Transport

Link

Framework

Distributed Data

Interoperability and Management

Physical

Network

IIoT Connectivity Stack Model

(2017)

IIoT Connectivity Stack Model Participant X

Connectivity

Information

Networking

IICF Focus


Participant X

Transport

Link

Framework

Distributed Data


Physical

Network

Participant Y


Messages

Packets

Frames

Bits

Transport

Link

Framework

Distributed Data


Physical

Network

Technical Interoperability

(bytes)

SyntacticInteroperability

(data structures)

Semantic Interoperability (data context)

Connectivity Transport Layer

• Above: Technical Interoperability– Share byte sequences– Opaque data

• Below: Byte protocol– Any computing platform – Byte flows & optimize byte

sequence sharing and delivery


Participant X

Transport

Link

Framework

Distributed Data


Physical

Network

Participant Y


Messages

Packets

Frames

Bits

Transport

Link

Framework

Distributed Data


Physical

Network

Connectivity Transport Layer

Transport

Link

Distributed Data Interoperability & Management

Framework

Connectivity

Transport

Functions

Physical

Network

Messaging Protocol

Endpoint

AddressingConnectedness Prioritization

Timing &

SynchronizationSecurity

Communication Modes

Technical

Interoperability

Connectivity Framework Layer

• Above: Syntactic Interoperability– Share structured datatypes– Common and unambiguous data

format

• Below: Opaque Data – Any programming environment– Any computing platform – May observe data flows &

optimize datatype sharing and delivery


Participant X

Transport

Link

Framework

Distributed Data


Physical

Network

Participant Y


Messages

Packets

Frames

Bits

Transport

Link

Framework

Distributed Data


Physical

Network

Connectivity Framework Layer

Transport

Link

Distributed Data Interoperability & Management

Framework

Quality

of

Service

Security

Publish-Subscribe Request-Reply Discovery

Data Resource Model

Id and Addressing Data Type System Lifecycle (CRUD)

Exception Handling

State

Management

Connectivity

Framework

Functions

Physical

Network

API Governance

Syntactic

Interoperability

Fundamental N2 Connectivity Challenge

Reality Check

Accept that there will be

multiple connectivity

technologies

• Brownfield

• Existing technologies

• May be specific to verticals

• Greenfield

• Innovation

O(N2)

Connectivity Core Standards Architecture

• Connectivity Core Standards– Provide syntactic

interoperability– Stable, deployed, open

standard– Standard Core Gateways to

all other CCS

• Domain-Specific Connectivity Technologies– Connect via non-standard

gateway to any connectivity core standard

Few Core StandardsStandard Core

Gateways

Many domain technologies


Selecting the right connectivity technologyAssessment Template WorksheetsConnectivity Standards

Assessment Template

• Which layers(s) of the Connectivity Stack does it provide?

• What Core Functions does it provide?

• How does it rank against the Typical Considerations (of the layers spanned) ?

• How does it impact system Architectural Qualities?

• Does it fit Connectivity Core Standard Criteria?

Transport

Link

Framework

Distributed Data

Interoperability and

Management

Physical

Network

Assessment Template Worksheets

34

IICF Catalog of Connectivity Standards!

• Frameworks

• DDS

• OPC-UA

• oneM2M

• Transports

• HTTP

• MQTT

• CoAP

35

Assessment Template Worksheets

Connectivity Standards

Manufacturing Origin

TSN /

Ethernet

(802.1,

802.3)

DDS

Wireless

PAN

(802.15)

Wireless

2G/3G/LTE

(3GPP)

Wireless

LAN

(802.11 Wi-

Fi)

Internet Protocol (IP)

CoAP MQTT

Web

Services

Wireless

Wide Area

(802.16)

HTTPDDSI-RTPS

oneM2M OPC-UA

OPC-UA Bin

Telecommunications Origin

UDP TCPTCP

Transport

Link

Framework

Distributed Data


Physical

Network

Healthcare TransportationManufacturing… …Energy &

Utilities

Core Connectivity Standards

* = work in progress = supported, = not supported GREEN = Gating Criteria

IICF Architecture Process

Use assessment template

worksheet to determine your

system requirements

Pick the potential connectivity core

standard best aligned with your

system requirements

Build a gateway for other domain-

specific connectivity technologies

38

Manufacturing

Origin

TS

N /

Eth

ern

et

(80

2.1

,

80

2.3

)

DDS

Wi

rel

es

s

PA

N

(8

02.

15

)

Wire

less

2G/3

G/LT

E

(3GP

P)

Wi

rel

es

s

LA

N

(8

02.

11

Wi

-

Fi)

Internet Protocol (IP)

C

o

A

P

M

Q

T

T

We

b

Ser

vic

es

Wi

rel

es

s

Wi

de

Ar

ea

(80

2.1

6)

HTTPDDSI-RTPS

oneM2M OPC-UA

OPC

-UA

Bin

Telecommunicati ons

Origin

UDP TCP

T

C

P

Transport

Link

Framework

Distributed Data


Physical

N

e

t

w

o

r

k

HealthcareTransportatio

n

Manufacturin

g… …

Energy &

Utilities


Choosing a Connectivity Standard

©2017 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. Confidential

B

CA

X

Your application:

Choose A or B or C

Requirement 1, e.g. latency

Req

uir

emen

t 2

, e.g

. fan

-ou

tIIoT Connectivity Perception


B

CA

XClearly A

Clearly B

Interstellar space

Your application: Choose B; it’s the

best you’ll get

IIoT Connectivity Reality

©2017 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.Requirement 1, e.g. latency

Req

uir

emen

t 2

, e.g

. fan

-ou

t

How to Choose?


System Aspect Example User Approach Standard

Software Integration & Autonomy

Software Architect integrating components

Data-centric DDS

Device interchangeability

Device manufacturer sellingdevices to technicians

Device-centric

OPC-UA

Web & Mobile User I/F App builder supportingback-end services

RESTful Web services/HTTP

ICT integration Wide-area wireless telecom integrator

Common services layer

oneM2M

DDS is Different!


Data-Centric(Real-Time Replication)

DDS

Shared Data Model

DataBus

Point-to-Point

TCP Sockets

Client/Server

MQTTXMPPOPCCORBA

BrokeredESB

Daemon

Publish/Subscribe

FieldbusCANbusZeroMQJMS

Queuing

AMQPActive MQ

Systems are About the Data

Data Centricity Definition a) The interface is the data. b) The infrastructure understands that data. c) The system manages the data and imposes

rules on how applications exchange data.

©2016 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. Confidential.

Database Databus

Data centric storage and search of old data

Data centric sharing and filtering of future data

Application

Application

Message centricRemote ObjectsSOAs

Application

Application

Data

Choose DDS?

• Are there severe consequences if offline for a few mins/secs/msecs?

• Have you said “millisecond” or “microsecond” in the last 2 weeks?

• Do you have more than 10 programmers?

• Does your data have many destinations?

• Are you building a next-generation IIoT design?


3+ Yes?


OPC UA

• Device-Centric Object-Oriented Framework

– Device models for common devices

– Integrate devices into workcells

– Client-server architecture

– Browseable address space

– New simple UDP pub-sub

Motor Starter 01

Configuration

Control Function Local Operation

Multifunction Input DI0

ParameterSet Motor Parameters

Motor Current Low

Motor Current High

Service Info

Number of Starts

Motor Starter 01

Parameter Set

Control Function

Local Operation

Configuration

Multifunction Input DIO

Motor Current Low

Motor Current High

Number of Starts

Motor Current Low

Motor Current High

Service Info

Address Space


Choose OPC UA?

• Are you in in discrete manufacturing?

• Are you building a device that will be integrated by non-software types?

• Will your product be used in different applications in different systems, as opposed to a single (type of) system where you control the architecture?

• Have you said the word “workcell” in the last two weeks?

3+ Yes?


OneM2M

• Common Service Layer Architecture– Services provided by telco– Platform Tier (cloud) applications can

seamlessly connect to diverse IoT devices over many protocols

• Targets home automation, large mobile systems

• Typical uses– Register and connect to devices and

applications– Charge an account for service– Manage application and devices– Monitor systems


Choose OneM2M?

• Do you know what “ICT” stands for, and is that you?

• Is the cellular network your primary connection technology?

• Are your target applications largely composed of moving parts?

• Can the components of your system tolerate intermittent connections and loosely-controlled latencies?

• Will your system leverage services provided by a communications provider such as a telco?

3+ Yes?


MQTT: Collect Device Data

Message Queuing Telemetry Transport

(MQTT)

Collect datafrom sensors

For cloud

MQTT does not qualify as a core connectivity standard because it has no standard type system

Choose MQTT?

• Do you think of your application as data collection?

• Is there little device-device communications?

• Is interoperability not a consideration?

• Do you have many small devices?

• Is software a minor challenge?


3+ Yes?

What if None Fit?

©2017 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. Confidential

EducationColleges & UniversitiesConferences & WorkshopsLaboritoriesPublicationSchoolsTrade Schools

Aerospace & DefenseAir ForceArrmyAviationHome Land SecurityMilitaryNavySpace Flight

AgricultureFarmingFishingForestryHydrologyLife SciencesRanchingWeather

Buildings & FacilitiesApartmentsBuilding & ConstructionBuilding Maintenance Building SecurityCommercial BuildingsConstructionEngineeringHomeHousing AuthoritiesHVACOfficeReal Estate

Consumer & HomeAutomotiveCommercial CookingConsumer ProductsDay CareElder CareEntertainmentFood and BeverageFood TrucksGroceryHome ProductsHospitalityPet CarePharmaciesPhotographyRecreation ServicesRestaurantsSporting EventsStreet VendorsTourismTravel

Energy & UtilitiesChemicalsElectricMiningOil & GasPetro-ChemicalsPowerRenewableSewerWater

EnvironmentAir Pollution ControlBiodiversity Eco-constructionEnvironmental Monitoring & InstrumentationEnvironmental Research & DevelopmentHeat & Energy Saving and Management

MetrologyNature ProtectionNoise & Vibration Control

OceanographyRecycled Materials Remediation & Clean Up of Soil & Groundwater Renewable Energy Production Waste Management & RecyclingWaste Water Treatment Water Supply

Finance & BankingAccounting SystemsATM SystemsCredit Card SystemsPoint of SalesRetail Banking

Public SectorCityCivil Administration Disaster PreventionEducationEmergency & Crisis ResponseEnvironmentFireLaw Enforcement & PoliceMunicipalities & CountiesPublic SafetyPublic SecuritySurveillanceTransportationWaste ManagementWater

HealthcareAssisted Care

Clinical Trials

Connected Medical Devices

Continuous Patient Monitoring

Dentistry

Disease Diagnosis

Home Healthcare

Hospitals

Life Sciences

Medical Offices

Medical Therapy

Pharma

Pharmacies

Media & Communication

Cable Providers

Computers

Entertainment

Global Media

Phones

Satellite TV

Telecommunications Carriers

Televisions

Video Recorders

Wireless Services

ManufacturingApparelBeverage & Tobacco ProductChemicalsComputer & Electronic ProductsElectrical Equipment & ComponentsFabricated Metal Products

FactoryFoodFurniture & Related Products

Industrial AutomationLeather & Allied ProductsMachineryNonmetallic Mineral ProductsPaperPetroleum & CoalPlastics & Rubber ProductsPrimary Metal ManufacturingPrinting & Related Support ActivitiesTextile MillsTextilesTransportation EquipmentWood Products

Mining & MetalsAluminum

Coal

Diamonds & Gemstones

General Mining

Gold

Iron & Steel

Nonferrous Metals

Platinum & Precious Metals

Near Space & New SpaceClosed Loop Ecological Systems

Closed Loop Living Systems

Constellation Controllers

Consumer Traffic Analytics

Ecological Planning

Environmental Monitoring

Hyper-Local Agriculture

Hyper-Local Construction

Hyper-Spectral Imaging

In-Flight Satelite Servicing

On-Site Materials Analytics and Inventory

On-Site Materials Optimization

Parametric City Planning

Parametric Construction Planning

Remote Maintenance and Diagnostics

Space Based Planning

Weather Pattern Analytics

TransportationAeronautics

Airport

Cargo Handling

Cruise Industry

Fleet Management

Freight Management

Logistics

Mobility

Pipelines

Postal & Delivery Services

Public Transportation

Rail

Roads

Shipping

Traffic Infrastructure

Transportation

Trucking

Vehicle

Wholesale & Distribution RetailApparel RetailersBroadline RetailersDrug RetailersFood Retailers & WholesalersHome Improvement RetailersSpecialized Consumer ServicesSpecialty Retailers

The IIoT is Big. Really big. You just won't believe how vastly, hugely, mind-bogglingly big it is.

I mean, you may think you can pick DDS or OPC UA or MQTT or OneM2M and it won’t really matter.

It does matter Understand the differences

Choose the best fit


The real value is a common architecture that connects sensor to cloud, interoperates between vendors, and spans industries


You don’t compete against competitors. You compete against market transitions.

– John Chambers

The Industrial IoT Disruption

Get It!1. Introduction

2. Connectivity Framework

3. Connectivity Reference Architecture

4. Connectivity Framework Layer

5. Connectivity Transport Layer

6. How to Assess a Connectivity Technology?

7. Connectivity Standards

8. Core Connectivity Standards

9. Other Connectivity Standards

10. Assessment Templates

https://www.iiconsortium.org/IICF.htm

FREE

http://www.iiconsortium.org/IICF.htm

https://www.iiconsortium.org/IICF.htm

https://www.iiconsortium.org/IICF-faq.htm

https://www.iiconsortium.org/pdf/IIC_PUB_G5_V1.0_PB_20170228.pdf


Thank You!

Rajive [email protected]@RajiveJoshiLinkedIn: Rajive Joshi

Stan [email protected]@RTIStanLinkedIn: Stan Schneider

http://www.linkedin.com/in/rajivejoshi

https://www.linkedin.com/in/stan-schneider-102466/

Audience Q & ADr. Stan Schneider,

Chief Executive Officer,

RTI

Dr. Rajive Joshi,

Principal Solution Architect,

RTI

Thanks for joining us

Event archive available at:

http://ecast.opensystemsmedia.com/

E-mail us at: [email protected]

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