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The Muslim LeagueChapter - 6

1Growth of CommunalismQuestionsAnswersWhen did Hindus and Muslims fight for first time and who exploited them?Hindus and Muslim fought for the first time during First War of Independence in 1857. Both communities were exploited by British. What made British to exploit Hindus and Muslims? And Why?

The Unity between Hindus and Muslims posed a danger to British imperialism; andThe uprising of 1857 made British realize that they had to divide the two communities in order to prolong their rule in India. Hence British exploited both communities for fight.

Growth of CommunalismQuestionsAnswersWhat method British adopted to encourage two communities to fight? British tried to sow the seeds of disagreement between Hindus and Muslims; and encouraged them to fight. How British tackled rising tide of National Movement using communalism? British named the National Movement as a movement for establishing the Hindu Kingdom in India and encouraged Muslim to set their own political organizationHow and when Muslim League was formed? In 1906, the Muslim League was formed due to British policy of Divide and Rule

QuestionsAnswersHow British spread communal hatred? British tried to spread communal hatred through - Press; Posters; Public Platform and Literature; (PPP-L) Why the number of Muslims educated in Western Education system remained small? The number of educated Muslim in western education system remained small; because it was affordable only to upper class Muslims, called Zamindars; but they were conservative and hostile to modern education system. Factors promoting the formation of Muslim League

QuestionsAnswersWhy British discriminated Muslims in the recruitment of Civil and Military services?British government had consciously discriminated Muslims; because they were holding Muslims responsible for Uprising of 1857. Hence, Muslims were not recruited in Civil and Military services. Why Muslim Community did not keep up with the modern trends in social and cultural spheres? Muslim Community was proud of their own literature; hence did not adopt Western Education system. Therefore, Muslim community did not keep up with the trends in social and cultural spheres. Factors promoting the formation of Muslim League

QuestionsAnswersWhy more Hindus were getting entry into Government services compared to Muslims? As the Modern Education was essential to get entry into Government services; and more Hindus adopted Western system of Education compared to Muslims. Therefore more Hindus got entry in Government Services. Who was Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan?Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan was a great educationist and social reformer; and considered Hindus and Muslims as One Quam. He founded Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College in Aligarh. Factors promoting the formation of Muslim League

QuestionsAnswersHow Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan changed his One Quam views?Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan under the influence of the British Principal of Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College changed his views of one Quam in 1880.Why Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan believed that Hindus will dominate the Muslims in case of withdrawal of British rule?Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan believed that since the Hindus formed majority of the Indian population they would dominate the Muslims in case of withdrawal of British Factors promoting the formation of Muslim League

QuestionsAnswersWhich rules were considered of Muslim period by British Historians?The Turks; Afghans; and Mughals rules, who followed Islam as their religion were considered Muslim Rules by few British historians. In Hindu rule period, how was the Muslim rulers were considered? In Hindu period, the Muslim rulers were considered as foreign invaders who had settled in India, How British infused communal feelings based on History of India?Some of the British Historian portrayed that Hindus considered their ruler, Maharana Pratap Singh and Shivaji as national Heroes; whereas Mughal rulers, Aurangzeb and Akbar as foreigners. Factors promoting the formation of Muslim League

QuestionsAnswersIndian History was misinterpreted by some British Historians give two pointsFew British communal Historians Ignored the notion of a composite culture; andFailed to interpret that the diversity in India was class-wised and region-wise; but not religion-wise. How British propagated communal bias within the society? British propagated communal bias through Poetry; Dramas; Novels; Short Stories and News Papers, etc. Factors promoting the formation of Muslim League

QuestionsAnswersWhat events of Assertive nationalists annoyed Muslims? The event that annoyed Muslims were- Shivaji and Ganpati Festival started by TilakConcept of India as a Mother by Aurobindo GhoshAnti Partition agitation with dip in Ganga Why Indian educated youth started demanding reservations based on caste and religion? Indian Educated youth demanded reservation on the basis of caste, because India lack modern industrial development; creating acute unemployment among educated youth. This increased fierce competition among themselves to secure the few available jobs . Factors promoting the formation of Muslim League

QuestionsAnswersWhy the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental Association (MAO) was formed? To counter the growing influence and popularity of the Congress; British encouraged Muslims to form MAO. Write any two objectives of the Muslim League Objectives of the Muslim League were To promote, among the Muslims of India support for the British government, and To remove any misconceptions regarding the intention of the government in relation to Indian MuslimsFactors promoting the formation of Muslim League

Q: Enlist the Factors promoting formation of the Muslim League Factors promoting formation of Muslim League were The loss of Sovereignty by Mughal Rulers. British Policy of Divide and RuleRelative Backwardness of the Muslim community in Education; Trade & IndustryRole of Sir Sayyid Ahmad KhanErroneous in interpretation of HistoryRise of Assertive NationalismEconomic Backwardness of the Community. Factors promoting the formation of Muslim League

Q: With the reference to the formation of Muslim League, discuss loss of Sovereignty of Mughal rulers. Loss of Sovereignty of Mughal ruler was one of the factors for formation of Muslim League; as British established their supremacy in India after dethroning Mughal rulers; making Muslims bitter enemies of British; and they participated in Wahabi Movement to re-establish Mughal rule. The British government continuously discriminated against the Muslim; holding them responsible for uprising of 1857.After 1870, British changed their attitude and developed disagreement between two communities; encouraged communal tension; & helped Muslim League to formFactors promoting the formation of Muslim League

Q: With the reference to the formation of Muslim League, discuss British Policy of Divide and Rule. The British Policy of Divide and Rule helped formation of Muslim League as After the First War of Independence in 1857; British became apprehensive about Safety & Stability of their empire in IndiaBritish saw the unity between Hindus and Muslims as threat to their empire. Hence, to check the feeling of United Nationalism in India and to encourage Communal separation; British adopted Divide and Rule Policy in India. Factors promoting the formation of Muslim League

Q: Discuss the manner in which the Divide and Rule policy was implemented. The British used Policy of Divide and Rule to develop communal tension & separation between Hindu and Muslim In 1871, Lord Mayo Government introduced Urdu as medium of instructions for Muslims in primary and secondary schools; & increased aid to schools run by Muslims. British treated Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs as separate communities & accepted their communal leaders as authentic representatives. British tried to spread communal hatred through the Press, Posters; Literature; and Public platform. Justified Bengal partition by convincing Muslims that it was done to create a New Muslim majority province.Used cast structure to exploit Brahmins against non-BrahminsFactors promoting the formation of Muslim League

Q: With the reference to the Divide and Rule policy discuss Relative Backwardness of the Muslim community in Education; Trade & IndustryRelative backwardness of the Muslims community in Education was one of the points exploited by British under Divide and Rule Policy; because-Muslims were conservative & hostile to modern education; therefore very few Muslims were educated in Western education system. Muslims were discriminated in the recruitment to civil and military services; Muslims were relatively less involved in the growth of any organized industry.Muslims did not keep up with the modern trends in social and cultural sphere. Factors promoting the formation of Muslim League

Q: With the reference to the Divide and Rule policy discuss Role of Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan.Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan was a great educationist and social reformer; and considered Hindus and Muslims as One Quam. He founded Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental Collage (MAO), at Aligarh. Under the influence of the Principal of MAO Collage; he changed his views of One Quam in 1880. He founded United Indian Patriotic Association in 1888 to oppose Congress; which was supported by the Principal of MAO Collage; whose idea was Anglo-Muslim unity is possible but unity of Hindu-Muslims is impossible. He felt that having British rule was a guarantee for the welfare and progress of the Muslim. Hence, asked educated Muslims to support the British, so that they would be rewarded by government jobs.Factors promoting the formation of Muslim League

Q: With the reference to the Divide and Rule policy discuss wrong interpretation of Indian History.Some British and communal historians divided Indian history into the Hindu and the Muslim periods.Hindu rulers like Maharana Pratap and Shivaji portrayed Muslim rulers, Akabar and Aurangzeb as foreigners.Some communal historians highlighted the myth that Indian society and culture was at great height in ancient time; but declined during medieval Mughal period. The British & communal historians ignored the notion of a composite culture in India. They failed to interpret that the diversity was primarily class-wise and region-wise and not religion-wise.Factors promoting the formation of Muslim League

Q: With reference to the Divide and Rule policy discuss Rise of Assertive Nationalism.The speeches and actions of some of the assertive nationalists annoyed some sections of Indians.The propagation of Shivaji and Ganpati Festival by Tilak; the concept of India as a mother by Aurobindo Ghosh; and taking dip in Ganga to protest Partition of Bengal were not accepted by some of the Muslims. Factors promoting the formation of Muslim League

Q: With the reference to the Divide and Rule policy discuss Economic Backwardness of the society.Due to the British colonial policies, India lack modem industrial development; which lead to acute unemployment among the educated youth; and fierce competition among them. Hence; people started demanding reservations on the basis of caste; creed and religion. British used this opportunity to push their divide and rule policy. Factors promoting the formation of Muslim League

Q: Enlist the Events leading to the formation of the Muslim League.The Hindi Urdu Controversy.Formation of Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental Association. The Aligarh PoliticsPartition of BengalMuslim deputation to the Viceroy, Lord MintoEvents leading to the formation of Muslim League

Q: What was the Hindi-Urdu controversy that led to formation of Muslim League? .In Uttar Pradesh Urdu was the court language; and all the petitions to the court was submitted in Urdu.Some sections of the society objected this practice. In 1900, the Government instructed that petition can be submitted in Hindi, Devnagri script; and Court summon official announcements in Hindi and Urdu. Muslims oppose this summons & agitated against it. Events leading to the formation of Muslim League

Q: What were the objectives of Muslim League? .The Aims and Objectives of the Muslim League were To promote, among the Muslims of India, support for the British government, and to remove any misconceptions regarding the intention of the government in relation to Indian Muslims. To protect and advance the political rights and interests of the Muslims and to represent their needs and aspirations to the government in mild and moderate language. To prevent the rise of feelings of hostility between the Muslims of India and other communities.Aims and Objectives of the Muslim League

QuestionsAnswersPolicies of Muslim League to some extend weakened nationalist sentiment - explain Formation and Policies of Muslim League weakened Nationalists movement as British welcomed formation of Muslim League and supported the League to provide an opposition to Congress. British supported the objective that Muslim interests were different from those of Hindus. How British created rift between Congress and Muslim LeagueTo please Muslims the demand of separate electorate was intentionally incorporated in Morley-Minto Reforms in 1906; to create rift between League and Congress. Impact of Muslim League on National Movement

QuestionsAnswersName the Muslim Scholars influenced by Deoband school of Muslim studies and inspired by Nationalist sentiment? Muslim Scholars influenced by Deoband school of Muslim studies and inspired by Nationalist sentiment were Maulana Abdul Kalam AzadHabibur RahmanHakim Ajmal KhanMazhar-ul-HaqHow Congress supported League? The Congress cooperated with Muslim League in Khilafat Movement ; and this issue was included as one of the demands of the Non-Cooperation Movement. Impact of Muslim League on National Movement

QuestionsAnswersThe Partition of the Country on communal lines explainThe communal divide continued. The League raised first its demand for separate Pakistan in 1930 .In 1940 sessions of League at Lahore. Mohammad Ali Jinnah put forward his two-nation theory. Thus despite a sever opposition from Gandhiji, the country drifted towards partition. Impact of Muslim League on National Movement

Q: With reference to the Impact of Muslim League, describe the Leagues Role in the beginning.The League had separate entity; and initially stood apart form the National Movement. League sort greater representations of Muslims in all the services; including representations in Assemblies.Political Activities of League were directed not so much against foreign rules; but were against Congress. The top leaders of Muslim League did not fight for the grievances of mass Muslims. Impact of Muslim League on National Movement

Q: Describe the reasons for the Phase of Rapprochement within the Muslim League.Some of the new leaders of Muslim League realized the rapprochement with congress was desirable; because of Britains hostility to Turkey in the Turko-Italian War; and Balkan wars made large sections of Muslim critical on British PoliciesThe annulment of Partition of Bengal in 1911, was seen as detrimental to the interests of Muslims in India. The younger Muslim leaders disliked the loyalist politics of the Aligarh group and the leadership of big Nawabs and Zamindars. Some young scholars influenced by Deoband School of Muslim studies were inspired by Nationalist sentiments. Impact of Muslim League on National Movement

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