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Exodus 12:1-14 PASSOVER

The Passover

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Page 1: The Passover

Exodus 12:1-14PASSOVER

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Call to Worship

Great is the Lord and greatly to be praised!Each day God brings to us new opportunities to learn

and grow.God is near to all of us.

We will not fear to call upon the Lord.Come, let us praise God who walks with us daily.

Let us open our hearts and spirits to God who loves and lives with us.

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Invocation

Redeeming God, come and heal our souls. Open our hearts to receive your words of hope and joy that we may become faithful servants of yours in this world

which you have loaned to us. For we ask this in Jesus’ Name. AMEN.

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Context

A personal faith is experienced differently than in the community of faith. It was no less different for the

promise of Abraham when it moved beyond a family or clan.

As a nation, Israel would become the proving grounds for the ultimate expansion of that promise to all

mankind.

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Invocation

Redeeming God, come and heal our souls. Open our hearts to receive your words of hope and joy that we may become faithful servants of yours in this world

which you have loaned to us. For we ask this in Jesus’ Name. AMEN.

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Context

A personal faith is experienced differently than in the community of faith. It was no less different for the

promise of Abraham when it moved beyond a family or clan.

As a nation, Israel would become the proving grounds for the ultimate expansion of that promise to all

mankind.

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Invocation

Redeeming God, come and heal our souls. Open our hearts to receive your words of hope and joy that we may become faithful servants of yours in this world

which you have loaned to us. For we ask this in Jesus’ Name. AMEN.

Page 8: The Passover

Context

A personal faith is experienced differently than in the community of faith. It was no less different for the

promise of Abraham when it moved beyond a family or clan.

As a nation, Israel would become the proving grounds for the ultimate expansion of that promise to all

mankind.

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Invocation

Redeeming God, come and heal our souls. Open our hearts to receive your words of hope and joy that we may become faithful servants of yours in this world

which you have loaned to us. For we ask this in Jesus’ Name. AMEN.

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Context

A personal faith is experienced differently than in the community of faith. It was no less different for the

promise of Abraham when it moved beyond a family or clan.

As a nation, Israel would become the proving grounds for the ultimate expansion of that promise to all

mankind.

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Context

C. F. Keil. “…a divine consecration was necessary, that their outward severance from the land of Egypt might

be accompanied by an inward severance from everything of an Egyptian or heathen nature.

This consecration was to be imparted by the Passover—a festival which was to lay the foundation for Israel’s

birth into the new life of grace and fellowship with God, and to renew it perpetually in time to come.”

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Context

God gave detailed instructions that were to guide his people at this crucial moment in their history.

Pharaoh was reluctant to allow this large group of slave laborers to leave, however. Through Moses, the Lord sent a series of plagues against the Egyptians. Our text anticipates the final plague and provides a

clear record of what took place.

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‘Exodus 12:1

The LORD said to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt:

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‘Exodus 12:1

Though God first spoke to Moses at the burning bush on the mountain of God, Moses did not need to go to and from the mountain of God in order to hear from

God. The Bible makes clear that Moses did not need to be

in a special place or pray during a special time to hear from God.

The Temple would never replace that privilege.

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‘Exodus 12:1

According to the Biblical record, neither Moses nor Aaron introduced any legislation of their own, either

at this time or later. The whole system, religious, political, and

ecclesiastical, was received by Divine Revelation.

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‘Exodus 12:1

The eighth and ninth plagues of locusts and darkness may have already come upon the Egyptians by the time God speaks to Moses again in Exodus 12:1.

Some commentators think the plague of darkness descended upon the Egyptians beginning the 10th day

of the month, immediately before the first Passover was to be celebrated.

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‘Exodus 12:2

This month shall mark for you the beginning of months; it shall be the

first month of the year for you.

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‘Exodus 12:2

The Israelite year prior to this would seem to have commenced with the autumn equinox (Exodus 23. 16)

which corresponded to our October.The name of the new first month is Nisan, which falls

during the latter part of March or the first part of April, since the Jews use a lunar calendar.

For this reason, the dates for Passover, Palm Sunday, and Easter vary from year to year.

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‘Exodus 12:2

With this first Passover, the Jews began a new calendar, a new calendar year, and a new way of life

under the ceremonial Law of Moses before they entered the Promised Land.

In a similar way, after the resurrection of Jesus Christ Sunday became the first day of the week and our new

calendar is divided into BC and AD despite the attempt to change it.

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‘Exodus 12:2

Lesson: Redemption by God always signals a new beginning

(Exod. 12:1-2; II Cor. 5:17)

We have a tendency to relish the new and quickly move to

the next new thing. What appears as fickle is our innate

desire to experience that life that is found in the new be it a

baby or a beginning date in our lives. We celebrate

birthdays, anniversaries and remember times that changed

our lives and world.

What we don’t realize is that God gives us a new beginning

each day. A new chance to laugh, love and live. Shed

yourself of those things that so easily beset you. Enjoy each

new day!

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‘Exodus 12:3

Tell the whole congregation of Israel

that on the tenth of this month they

are to take a lamb for each family, a

lamb for each household.

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‘Exodus 12:3

The new moon began a new month. In the Bible, the number 10 is a symbol for completion. On the 10th day, with the selection of the Lamb, the Hebrews

began to make their Passover preparations.

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‘Exodus 12:3

Each person in the whole congregation was to be involved in the celebration of the Passover, and the

head of each household would serve as a priest in the slaughter of the sacrificial lamb.

The Bible does not say that the person who slaughtered the lamb had to be a male, though the

slaughtered lamb had to be male.

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‘Exodus 12:4

If a household is too small for a whole

lamb, it shall join its closest neighbor

in obtaining one; the lamb shall be

divided in proportion to the number of

people who eat of it.

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‘Exodus 12:4

A family could be comprised of many households. At this time, the Hebrews lived in houses with doors and door posts instead of tents. Some households could

be too small in numbers or too impoverished to acquire or use a whole lamb, so God made provision

for everyone, rich and poor alike.

They were told to join with their “closest neighbor” to buy the lamb or take a lamb from the flock to use.

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‘Exodus 12:4

The lamb would be divided equally among each person at the feast.

Centuries later, the rabbis would say that each person needed to eat some lamb and no piece of lamb eaten

could be smaller than the size of an olive.

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‘Exodus 12:4

Lesson: The way of redemption needs to be proclaimed to all men (Exod. 12:3-4; Matt. 28:18-20)

We love redemption and we don’t even know it. We cheer the underdog, the overcomer and the David’s of our world who stand up to the Goliaths. We read those books, watch those

movies and follow those stories where the downtrodden rise up to try again.

We just realize how people need to hear what God has done for us. How He lifts us up each day and helps overcome this life.

They need to hear more stories of redemption.

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‘Exodus 12:5

Your lamb shall be without blemish, a year-old male; you may take it from the sheep or from the goats.

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‘Exodus 12:5

The Hebrew word is one of much wider meaning than our “lamb.” It is applicable to both sheep and goats.

The lamb to die sacrificially and be eaten was to be “the best,” without blemish; just as the Lamb of God was the Messiah who never sinned and was the best that God the Father could give as a sacrifice for our

sins.

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‘Exodus 12:5

At future Passover celebrations, the lamb would have been born near or shortly after the previous Passover

It would be a male, but would represent males and females; just as the Lamb of God, the Son of God, died

for the sins of males and females and represented males and females when He died for all.

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‘Exodus 12:6

You shall keep it until the fourteenth day of this month; then the whole assembled congregation of

Israel shall slaughter it at twilight.

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‘Exodus 12:6

As God’s judgment on the gods of Egypt and the Egyptians (who worshiped the sun as a god or idol),

some believe the Egyptians were in darkness from the 10th day of the month to the 14th day of the month.

Their sun god could not overcome the true God and give them light or save their firstborn children from

death.

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‘Exodus 12:6

During this same time, the Israelites were caring for their livestock and their families in the light that God

provided for them alone.

As night approached on the 14th day, the lamb would be slaughtered and eaten in the evening, which was

the beginning of the 15th day. The lamb was generally slain between the ninth hour (3 p.m.) and the

eleventh (5 p.m.).

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‘Exodus 12:6

One of the main peculiarities of the Paschal sacrifice was that the head of each family was entitled — in

the early times was required to offer the sacrifice for himself.

In it no one intervened between the individual and God. Here we see a priesthood of all believers.

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‘Exodus 12:6

Lesson: Purity of motive and action displays true faith and obedience (Exod. 12:5-6; Isa. 29:13)

No one took a shortcut that Passover night. No one did just enough. Everything was on the line and nothing was held back.

It takes such moments of absolute obedience to reveal our deepest motives. We have been there at hospitals, divorce

courts and funeral homes. These are the times that take the measure of our faith. Be amazed at the faith and strength God

can give to you then if you are honest with Him.

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‘Exodus 12:7

They shall take some of the blood and put it on the two doorposts and the lintel of the houses in which

they eat it.

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‘Exodus 12:7

As the darkness of the evening approached, the Israelites obeyed Moses in faith and they put some

blood from the slaughtered lamb or goat on the two door posts and the beam above the door (the lintel)

of the house, but not on the threshold where it could be trampled underfoot.

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‘Exodus 12:7

The blood would protect all those who stayed inside the house, so each one could be at peace on the

inside of the house on the night of God’s Passover.

They may not have understood why this was important, but their faithful obedience led to their salvation when the death angel passed over their

homes and saw the blood of the lamb where God had commanded them to place it.

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‘Exodus 12:8

They shall eat the lamb that same night; they shall eat it roasted over the fire with unleavened bread

and bitter herbs.

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‘Exodus 12:8

The lamb would be slaughtered and roasted immediately after it was slaughtered. In later years, the Hebrews would eat the lamb with unleavened bread in remembrance of how quickly they had to

leave Egypt (before their bread had time to rise with yeast), and bitter herbs in remembrance of their bitter

years of slavery in Egypt.

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‘Exodus 12:8

Just as believers are saved from spiritual death by the blood of Christ, so they need to eat spiritually of the Lamb of God for spiritual life moment by moment.

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‘Exodus 12:9

Do not eat any of it raw or boiled in water, but roasted over the fire, with its head, legs, and inner

organs.

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‘Exodus 12:9

God commanded the Hebrews to cook by roasting the entire lamb in haste. There was no time to remove the insides of the lamb (or “properly” dress it as a

butcher would) before roasting it.

Eating boiled lamb with its head and inner organs instead of roasting the lamb entirely might also have

made people sick.

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‘Exodus 12:9

Roasting the whole lamb might be considered a symbol of the fact that we are to receive into our lives and hearts Jesus Christ, the Lamb of God, wholly and

completely as He is.

Furthermore, we must receive the Lamb of God into our hearts on His terms, not on our terms or in our

way but in His way, even though we may not completely understand His terms or His way.

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‘Exodus 12:10

You shall let none of it remain until the morning; anything that remains until the morning you shall

burn.

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‘Exodus 12:10

The Hebrews needed to learn complete trust in God for their salvation and daily provision. They needed to trust

God for their daily bread, and obey God in order for them to receive all the blessings God wanted to give them.

They were to burn all of the remains of the lamb and trust God for their next meal; just as later they were not to keep

manna in the wilderness that they received overnight because it would spoil, except on the day before the

Sabbath.

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‘Exodus 12:10

Even though the Israelites may not have understood everything God wanted them to do, they understood

enough to obey God in faith.

The remains of their meal was consecrated and so burned; it was not to be trampled underfoot or

thrown in the trash by Egyptians after the Israelites exited the land.

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‘Exodus 12:10

Lesson: Clear directions from God warrant full obedience to God (Exod. 12:7-10; cf. Josh. 1:8)

We are the masters at compromise and hesitation. We hedge our bets instead of doubling down. We call fear caution and

negligence prudent. But there are those times in our lives when the calling of God is clear and our opportunity absolute.

Those are the moments we change not just ourselves but our world. We stand up to prejudice and go long term to make a

difference in an innocent life. Those are the times that God sees His Son in us.

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‘Exodus 12:11

This is how you shall eat it: your loins girded, your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand; and you shall eat it

hurriedly. It is the Passover of the LORD.

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‘Exodus 12:11

The Israelites were commanded to eat in haste and prepared for their quick deliverance by God. They were

to eat with their “loins girded” (with their robe tied around their waist so they could run or work and the robe length would not get in their way or trip them),

with their sandals on their feet because they would not have time to search for them and put them on before

embarking on the hard road ahead, and with their staff for support as they walked.

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‘Exodus 12:11

Remember, Moses did great things with his staff. God wanted the Hebrews to be ready when He moved

quickly, as He did (and often does).

Though God may seem to take a long time, when He does move or want people to move, He often does so

very quickly. From Passover, we learn to always be prepared to do God’s will immediately.

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‘Exodus 12:12

For I will pass through the land of Egypt that night, and I will strike down every firstborn in the land of Egypt, both human beings and animals; on all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgments: I am the

LORD.

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‘Exodus 12:12

God executed judgment “on all the gods of Egypt;” these gods were a total failure and some of these

gods may have been inspired by evil spirits, as Paul described them: “For our struggle is not against

enemies of blood and flesh, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the cosmic powers of this present darkness, against the spiritual forces of

evil in the heavenly places” (Ephesians 6:12).

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‘Exodus 12:12

The ten plagues and the exodus show that if we trust in false gods, we will suffer with them when they fail

or when they suffer God’s judgment.

The Israelites learned this same lesson by hard experience over and over again throughout their

history, as their prophets warned and taught them.

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‘Exodus 12:12

Through Moses, the prophet of God, God gave the people good and sufficient reasons to believe God and

obey God.

They had witnessed nine plagues that had fallen on the Egyptians and they had every reason to believe

that God would do what He said.

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‘Exodus 12:12

The Pharaoh pretended to be the son of the sun god, and his son was considered a god too; therefore, at the first Passover God would be judging these men

who were considered to be gods when the true God killed the firstborn of every Egyptian and every

Egyptian animal.

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‘Exodus 12:12

God’s just judgment was milder than Pharaoh’s persecution of the Israelites, because the Pharaoh

had ordered the midwives to kill every newborn male child: “When you act as midwives to the Hebrew

women, and see them on the birth stool, if it is a boy, kill him; but if it is a girl, she shall live” (Exodus 1:16).

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‘Exodus 12:13

The blood shall be a sign for you on the houses where you live: when I see the blood, I will pass over

you, and no plague shall destroy you when I strike the land of Egypt.

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‘Exodus 12:13

The angel of the Lord would pass over every house; he would see the blood of the lamb on the door posts and on the beam above every door; he would see and

save the occupants of the house from death.

Many hold that the angel of the Lord was indeed Jesus Christ, Son of God.

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‘Exodus 12:13

Those inside the house could not see the blood on the door posts, but they trusted that the angel of the Lord

could see the blood and save them from death.

We do not see the blood of Jesus Christ, but when we trust in Jesus Christ, in His death for us, in His blood shed for our sins, in His resurrection from the dead,

by grace He saves us through our faith in Him.

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‘Exodus 12:13

Lesson: God is gracious to redeem, but He will judge those who are His enemies (Exod. 12:11-13)

A soldier is diplomacy’s last resort. Surgery is a body’s last hope. And judgment is God’s final word. Nothing is to be

more feared since it cannot be stopped or altered. Judgment comes like the host of heaven, severing those

things which are not worthy and giving no mercy.

We do well to remember that only God can kill the soul and not just the body. Fear Him!

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‘Exodus 12:14

This day shall be a day of remembrance for you. You shall celebrate it as a festival to the LORD;

throughout your generations you shall observe it as a perpetual ordinance.

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‘Exodus 12:14

God told the Hebrews when and how to celebrate the Passover yearly in commemoration of this first

Passover.

Later, Jesus the Messiah made a new covenant in His blood, and He instituted the new covenant in a

communion celebration during His last Passover meal with His disciples.

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‘Exodus 12:14

He has told all who believe in Him as Lord and Savior to celebrate and remember His death for their sins in

the celebration of the communion meal, the Lord’s Supper, until He comes again (see 1 Corinthians 11:24-

25).

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‘Conclusion

Life is a bit different for believers today. Unlike the people of Israel, we are not likely to see a constant stream of

miracles surrounding us, the possibility of slavery threaten us, or plagues devastate entire civilizations around us.

However, we still share in the human experience—enduring pain, fearing death, and struggling to obey our God.

As the Israelites celebrated Passover in days to come, their hearts would once again be comforted by the mighty,

protective hand of God.

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‘Conclusion

Forgetfulness can lead to disaster as mistakes are repeated and purposes are lost. The meaning of life can get swallowed

up by life's demands; the direction God has given world history can be replaced with a pointless, repetitive cycle.

God knows the importance of remembering beginnings. He gave the ancient Israelites three practices by which to

remember their founding event, the exodus from Egypt: (1) the rite of the firstborn son, (2) the meal of unleavened

bread, and (3) the celebration of the Passover feast.

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‘Blessing

In the midst of your rejoicing, may you find your heart tuned to God’s love for all God’s creation. May you

find that you have been given gifts for helping others, for alleviating the pain and hunger around you. May

your eyes be open to God’s calling.

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‘Benediction

May the love of God, abundant through Jesus Christ, and freely given to us, be with us all. May we serve

God in all that we do. AMEN.

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‘Blessing

In the midst of your rejoicing, may you find your heart tuned to God’s love for all God’s creation. May you

find that you have been given gifts for helping others, for alleviating the pain and hunger around you. May

your eyes be open to God’s calling.

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‘Benediction

May the love of God, abundant through Jesus Christ, and freely given to us, be with us all. May we serve

God in all that we do. AMEN.

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‘Blessing

In the midst of your rejoicing, may you find your heart tuned to God’s love for all God’s creation. May you

find that you have been given gifts for helping others, for alleviating the pain and hunger around you. May

your eyes be open to God’s calling.

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‘Benediction

May the love of God, abundant through Jesus Christ, and freely given to us, be with us all. May we serve

God in all that we do. AMEN.

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‘Blessing

In the midst of your rejoicing, may you find your heart tuned to God’s love for all God’s creation. May you

find that you have been given gifts for helping others, for alleviating the pain and hunger around you. May

your eyes be open to God’s calling.

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‘Benediction

May the love of God, abundant through Jesus Christ, and freely given to us, be with us all. May we serve

God in all that we do. AMEN.