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THINGS TO AT LEAST KEEP IN MIND OR: WERE PEOPLE IN THE PAST REALLY STUPID?

Things To At Least Keep In Mind

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Page 1: Things To At Least Keep In Mind

THINGS TO AT LEAST KEEP IN MIND

OR: WERE PEOPLE IN THE PAST REALLY STUPID?

Page 2: Things To At Least Keep In Mind

So Were They Really Stupid? Looking to make sense

of the world (If it was not Demons then what was it?) VOLTAIRE

Were they religious (faith) or was it a belief system?

How many went to church?

NOTE The ‘Church’ as a power play

Page 3: Things To At Least Keep In Mind

What would the historian of 200 years in the future make of some of today’s situations and beliefs?

A) Alien Abduction B) Astrology C) Sitting under Pyramids D) Extra Sensory Perception E) ‘Certain’ Alternative Medical

Treatments F) Conspiracy Theories

Page 4: Things To At Least Keep In Mind

Clothes Also Suit the Climate

Page 5: Things To At Least Keep In Mind

HUGE IMPACT OF DISEASE

Page 6: Things To At Least Keep In Mind

Spread of Medieval Disease

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STATISTICS: ALL WE KNOW IS THAT THEY ARE WRONG IF THE WRITER DOES

NOT QUALIFY THE STATISTICS: BEWARE

1691 AND MY CLASS

POPULATION STATISTICS

War Dead Influenza Ireland

UK POPULATION

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

1900

1902

1904

1906

1908

1910

1912

1914

1916

1918

1920

1922

1924

1926

1928

1930

1932

1934

1936

1938

1940

1942

1944

1946

1948

1950

1952

1954

1956

1958

1960

Dateline 1900-1960

MIL

LIO

NS

Males

FemalesNOTE

Data based on Census Information.Census every 10 years in years ending in 1.i.e. 1901, 1911, 1921

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Government Statistics Must be Accurate eh! Census every 10 years ‘In-Between’ years estimated on trends Estimated to be + or - 5% at best. Depends on honesty and accuracy of the

collector. Depends on ‘everybody’ taking part. Almost all historical statistics open to

doubt THEY ARE A TREND AND INDICATION OF

CHANGE

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Who Would not Answer the Statistical Analysis? Criminals Illegals Can’t be bothered Not home on the date Those that have anything to hide or just

view it as intrusion. Who is the Householder?

THE FURTHER WE GO BACK IN TIME THE MORE ‘DODGY’ THE STATISTICS

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MASLOW’s HIERARCHY OF NEED

Page 11: Things To At Least Keep In Mind

TRY NOT TO PUT MODERN DAY CONCEPTS INTO HISTORY I.E. Cruelty (People and Animals) Feminism The Vote Victorian Restrictions Sex (Agnes Sorrel: Mistress

Charles VII of France) Breasts were for feeding babies.

A Society of child death, no social security and a knowledge of what sex was for.

So allure was very important.

Page 12: Things To At Least Keep In Mind

HOW DID THE MASS OF THE POPULATION LIVE?Breugal - Hogarth

We have little idea Very much a ‘rough and

tumble’ life tied to agricultural work and seasons.

Until the Industrial Revolution apart from a few illustrations did not appear on the landscape

Individual visibility in historical records depends to a great extent upon wealth, social status and literacy. The English Family 1450-1700. p2

Administration of the Poor Law

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SOMETIMES EVIDENCE ARISES (Not sure about the glamorous image)

GUNNA dress found in a peat bog in Jutland.

Small lengths of material stitched together to form a sack like gown

Page 14: Things To At Least Keep In Mind

THE DESERVING POOR AND THE RESIDIUMFrith (Railway) – Gustave Dore 1872 – Filde (Applicants for admission to a casual ward)

Page 15: Things To At Least Keep In Mind

MARRIAGE: NOT ‘LOVE’ – A CONTRACT Children a ‘welfare’

resource: No social security. 1601 Elizabethan Poor Law

compelled children to look after destitute parents.

Life long mutual support mechanism

High proportion of marriages were re-marriages

Marriage important to keep skilled business within the family. Run farms. Look after children

Page 16: Things To At Least Keep In Mind

AFTER ALL: TODAY MARRIAGE IS VERY DIFFERENT

AVERAGE LENGTH OF MARRIAGE IN WESTERN INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY

YEAR 2000: 15 Years

Mid Victorian Europe 1860-1880 (Mainly British Data)

15 Years

Page 17: Things To At Least Keep In Mind

JACK THE RIPPER 1888Elizabeth Stride (Long Liz)

4 out of 5 over 40 No Teeth All had been married

(21 children) Whitechapel an

immigrant, dock area hell hole. Yiddish spoken widely.

NOTE Married Women’s Property Act 1882

Page 18: Things To At Least Keep In Mind

EAST END FASHIONS

Page 19: Things To At Least Keep In Mind

DEPENDS ON YOUR PLACE IN SOCIETY At the top essential

to determine true inheritance. Once this is secure then each person can ‘more or less’ go their own way.

No DNA tests. NOTE 30%

Page 20: Things To At Least Keep In Mind

MARRIAGE FOR MOST PEOPLE Late marriage until they had the ability

to survive financially Because of this many would never marry ‘Nuclear family’ Eliz. England mean age of marriage,

women 26,men 28 Sharing of work: Agriculture, proto

industry.

Page 21: Things To At Least Keep In Mind

FOR THE GENTRY JANE AUSTEN: (Wrote the only real novel in history) Not a historical novel: a Chronicler of her times.

Story of the novel is Mrs. Bennet’s quest to marry off her Five educated daughters.

Today is reads like she was mad but her great concern was what would happen to the girls if they remained unmarried.

Dickens Wharton

Page 22: Things To At Least Keep In Mind

Certain Paintings at a certain time are very useful if we know the story.Renoir, Pierre-Auguste: Le Moulin de la

Galette 1876 The girl in the striped

dress in the middle foreground was said to be Estelle, the sister of Renoir's model, Jeanne. Another of Renoir's models, Margot, is seen to the left dancing with the Cuban painter, Cardenas. At the foreground table at the right are the artist's friends, Frank Lamy, Norbert Goeneutte and Georges Rivière who in the short-lived publication L'Impressionniste extolled the Moulin de la Galette as a page of history, a precious monument of Parisian life depicted with rigorous exactness. Nobody before him had thought of capturing some aspect of daily life in a canvas of such large dimensions.

Page 23: Things To At Least Keep In Mind

WHILE ON THAT SUBJECT: STUDY OF CLOTHING CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE (14 years or 30 years?) (Artistic License)

Page 24: Things To At Least Keep In Mind

ACCURACY OF CARTOONS IN WHO WORE WHAT AND HOW1867 & 1909 - Dana Gibson Granddad & Rival Beauties

Page 25: Things To At Least Keep In Mind

MERE ‘ILLUSTRATORS’ A VERY IMPORTANT SOURCE

Page 26: Things To At Least Keep In Mind

NUANCES OF 1850s PARISIAN SOCIETY (INGRES) Princess de Broglie 1853 Born an aristocrat

Baronne James de Rothschild 1844-48

‘Arriviste’ Flounces on skirt hemline too frivolous; jewelry too complicated, ostrich plumes much too ostentatious and like a vulgar hat. (Hats not be worn with evening dress)

Page 27: Things To At Least Keep In Mind

Shocks to the System– I am going to rouge my knees and roll my stockings down: All that Jazz .

Page 28: Things To At Least Keep In Mind

ALL THAT JAZZ

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WOMENS WORK (ALWAYS UNDERSTATED AND UNDER-RECORDED: AGRICULTURE?: HOME WORK)

0102030405060708090100

19011911192119311951

PERCENTAGE

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WHO WRITES THE BOOKS?AND FOR WHOM? M COLLINS His opinions are shaded by age,

gender, place of birth, places lived etc Globe and Mail April 08 “------------- book

shocked a whole generation of men” Up until the 1960s text books were written by

a very very small group of people for a small group of people.

Since then a small group is writing for a reasonably large group.

BUT everybody is biased, everybody is shaped by their own culture.

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QUESTION THOSE SOURCES Use all sources as a guide to making up

your own mind. What is the experience of these writers? What is their social class? What is their education? What are their political beliefs. (Note

Irving, Hobsbawm.) Do they really know very much or are

they just regurgitating the same old sources?

Page 32: Things To At Least Keep In Mind

SO WHAT IS THIS THING CALLED FASHION? A way of behaving that is temporarily adopted by a

discernable proportion of members of a social group because that chosen behaviour is perceived to be socially appropriate for the time and the situation. (Sproles, quoted in Curran 1991)

Louis XIV “Fashion is the ‘mirror of history’, it reflects political, social and economic changes rather than mere whimsy”

Lord Chesterfield - Dress is a very foolish thing and yet it is a foolish thing for a man not to be well dressed according to his rank and way of life.

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WOAD to WESTWOOD

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PERCEPTIONS CHANGE James Laver (V&A) 1937 Laver’s Law

10 years before its time Indecent 5 years before its time

Shameless 1 year before its time Daring

Fashionable

1 year after its time Dowdy 10 years after its time Hideous 20 years after its time Ridiculous 30 years after its time Amusing 50 years after its time Quaint 70 years after its time Charming 100 years after its time

Romantic 150 years after its time Beautiful

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But all fashions can go just a bit too far!

Page 36: Things To At Least Keep In Mind

On the face of it there appear to be two obvious reasons behind clothing, let alone fashionable clothing.

a) Warmth. However Tierra del Fuego early European travellers and natives, No clothes but backing away from fire perspiring heavily.

b) Modesty. Well many periods in European history not too modest with breasts falling out or handkerchiefs stuffed into underwear, codpieces and public exercise of bodily functions. It really does appear that modesty in dress goes hand in hand with culture.

Page 37: Things To At Least Keep In Mind

But in our society today clothes and fashion play a much larger part in life than is generally recognised.

We dress up for interviews-why? There are norms of dress for various functions. However, even the person who says he has no interest whatsoever is affected by fashion.

Would the accused standing in the dock in his borrowed suit, wear something really out of fashion? Not talking about a three cornered hat here—he would not even wear the suit fashion of ten years ago.

And yet in that very same court he is faced with:

Judge Wig a Queen Ann period Barristers George Third wig (60

years later) KC/QC A Tudor gown.

Page 38: Things To At Least Keep In Mind

SO Bring your arguments and opinions

to class and in your work. For heavens sake do not think you

have to agree with me. Talk about your work with me. Bring your experiences and those

of your family to class. ENJOY YOURSELF

Page 39: Things To At Least Keep In Mind

THINGS TO AT LEAST KEEP IN MIND

OR: WERE PEOPLE IN THE PAST REALLY STUPID?