4G

4GThe Mobile Race To Evolution

Abstract of the PresentationWhat is 4G ?Need of 4GWorking of the 4G communication systemFeatures of 4G (Advantages)LimitationsApplications

Introduction-In telecommunications, 4G is the fourth generation of mobile phone communication standards. It is a successor of the third generation (3G) standards.

A 4G system provides mobile ultra-broadband Internet access, for example to laptops with USB wireless modems, to smartphones, and to other mobile devices. Conceivable applications include amended mobile web access, IP telephony, gaming services, high-definition mobile TV, video conferencing and 3D television.

Recently, Android and Windows-enabled cellular devices have fallen in the 4G category.

The technology is currently available in some countries but it is still being perfected

The aim is to achieve ultra broadband speed to be counted in gigabytes per second

1st Generation or 1G-1G was an analog system and was developed in the 70s.

First 1G mobile system Advance Mobile Phone System (AMPS) was launched by the US. It was based on FDMA that allowed users to make voice calls in 1 country.

Drawbacks-Poor voice qualityPoor battery lifeLarge phone sizeNo securityFrequent call dropsLimited capacity and poor hand-off reliability

Need of 4G

2nd Generation or 2G-2G phones use Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) and were first used in the early 90s in Europe.

GSM provides voice and limited data services and uses digital modulation for improved audio quality.

2G cellular system includes GSM, Digital AMPS (D-AMPS), Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA), and Personal Digital Communication (PDC).

A new air interface called Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE) has been developed specifically to meet the bandwidth needs of 3G. EDGE is a faster version of GSM wireless service.

Drawbacks-

The GSM is a connection oriented technology where the end systems are dedicated for the entire call session. This causes inefficiency in usage of bandwidth and resources.

The GSM-enabled systems do not support high data rates.

They are unable to handle complex data such as video.

3rd Generation or 3G-The first pre-commercial trial network with 3G was launched by NTT DoCoMo in Tokyo (Japan) in May 2001. NTT DoCoMo launched the first commercial 3G network on 1st October 2001, using the WCDMA technology.

The idea behind 3G was to have a single network standard instead of the different types adopted in the US, Europe, and Asia. Telecommunications System (UMTS) or IMT-2000, sustained higher data rates and opened the door to many Internet style applications.

3G technology adds multimedia facilities to 2G phones by allowing video, audio, and graphics applications. Over 3G phones, you can watch streaming video or have video telephony

Drawbacks-High bandwidth spectrum requirementHigh licensing feesExpensive

Mobile devices are getting smaller, lighter, and more powerful; they have bigger screens and longer battery life, more features and more capabilities. Bandwidth will always be the limiting factor in the development of applications and devices, be it wired or wireless.

The short fall of 3G networks is clear, its just not fast enough; offering 384kbps doesnt meet the requirements of what the end user has come to expect these days. Some people see 3G as a stop-gap, until a fully integrated IP network is created; some countries have even chosen to bypass 3G and head straight to 4G.

The Evolution Of Mobile Networks

Evolution of 4G in convergence-

ITU designed 4G in 2002 with the official name 3G Long-Term Evolutions or 3.9G

The first commercial deployment was by Telia Sonera and NetCom

Telia Sonera branded the network 4G

The modem devices on offer were manufactured by Samsung (dongle GT-B3710)

The network infrastructure were created by Huawei (in Oslo) and Ericsson (in Stockholm)Evolution of 4G-

Some possible standards for the 4G system are LTE, 802.20, WiMAX (802.16), HSDPA, TDD UMTS, UMTS and future versions of UMTS.

The design is that 4G is based on OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) which is the key enabler of 4G technology. Other technological aspects of 4G are adaptive processing and smart antennas, both of which are used in 3G networks and will enhance the rates when used in with OFDM. Infrastructure of 4G-

Orthogonal FDM's spread spectrum technique spreads the data over a lot of carriers that are spaced apart at precise frequencies. This spacing provides the "orthogonality" in this method which prevents the receivers/demodulators from seeing frequencies other than their own specific one. The main benefit of OFDM is high spectral efficiency, high resiliency to RF interference and the multi-path distortion is lower. This is handy because in a standard terrestrial broadcasting situation there are many multipath-channels.Working of 4G communication system(Using OFDM)-

Serial to Parallel ConverterOptical ModulatorFibre LinkModulationIFFTParallel to Serial ConverterD/A ConverterRF down converterRF up converterDemodulationFFTSerial to Parallel ConverterA/D ConverterParallel to Serial Converter

Binary Input

OUT

PUT

Features and Advantages of 4G-In 4G, the download speed is up to 100 Mbps for moving users and 1 Gbps for stationary users

It will allow users to download a full-length movie within five minutes

Users will also be able to stream high-definition television and radio to hand-held devices

4G is an adoption of packet switching instead of circuit switching in voice and video calls. With packet switching, resources are only used when there is information to be sent across

Better Data transfer rates and signal quality

Support for interactive multimedia, voice, streaming video, Internet, and other broadband services

IP based mobile system

High speed, high capacity, and low cost per bit

Better scheduling and call admission control techniques

Better spectral efficiency

Drawbacks of 4G- Battery Life of 4G enabled cell phones is shorter

Degradation of other broadband services

Except for the Scandinavian countries, many countries have started the 4G commercially

In the US, Sprint Nextel initiated the service in 2009

Other countries having 4G- Brazil, France, Saudi Arabia, UK, China, Japan

Newzeland will be launching this technology in December, 2013

Countries having 4G -

27

4G in India-4G was launched at Pune, India commercially by BHARTI AIRTEL (Partnered with Qualcomm) on 10th April, 2012

It is available in Kolkata, Karnataka (Using LTE)

Qualcomm had bagged BWA spectrum, or 4G licenses, for Delhi, Mumbai, Haryana and Kerala.

Reliance Industries will be launching this service by Diwali

A 4G mobile launched by HTC in the USAn AIRTEL 4G Dongle

Virtual Presence: 4G system gives mobile users a "virtual presence" (for example, always-on connections to keep people on event).Virtual navigation: A remote database that contains the graphical representation of streets, buildings and physical characteristics of a large mtropolitain is used. Blocks of this database are transmitted in a rapid sequence to a vehicle.Tele-geoprocessingCrisis-management applicationsEducationApplications-

Putting Tomorrow in Todays Technology-

Augmented Reality of 4GAugmented Reality of 4G-With the 4G band, the application gives an Augmented Reality while navigating. It presents a visually clear picture of the place via your own phone. Through this, you can even get its GPS information.

On stream moving pictures-

Nowadays, more and more handier phones come with advance features and most of them the developed better cameras are not only meant to capture still pictures but also to record videos. Well, it is not anymore surprising the next time you hear about it, you will be amazed that using 4G you cannot only upload the video right after it has been recorded but everyone could already be streaming it live.With the previous technology, you should first record the clip and save prior to uploading to your favourite site but we are lucky since a service provider has come up with a program where in you can have live mobile videos directly seen through the web, known as live stream video, therefore creating a live broadcast reporter out of you.

Conclusion-The 4G technology is nothing less than ground breaking. The advancements that have been made from 3G to 4G alone are mind blowing. With the data processing speed being increased to at least 100 Mbit/sec the possibilities are limitless in the wireless communication world. The 4G technology has a great present and future scope and worth. It makes the average person really think about what is possible with wireless communication? If there ever is a 5G network, how powerful will it be and what will it possibly be able to do that the 4G doesnt already do?

References-www.google.comwww.wikipidea.comwww.bbcnews.comwww.images.google.comwww.blogote.com0www.m-indya.comwww.blog.satguide.inwww.themobileindian.com

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4 GTHE MOBILE RACE TO EVOLUTIONPRESENTED By-

Abdullah Saghir Ahmad

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