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Accessibility Guidance 2017PRESENTED BY KEVIN ERICKSON
A11Y
Kevin EricksonWeb [email protected]
We will have a Q&A towards the end so please hold questions until then.
A11Y (p2)
A + (ccessibilit=11) + Y = A11Y
Five W's of A11y
What
Why
Who
When
Where
How
What is A11Y?
What is WCAG
What are the four principles of accessible content
What defines a disability
What are AT's
What is WCAG?
This is a collection of guidelines known as the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines.
These are guidelines published by the Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
The W3C is the main international standards organization for the internet.
What are the four principles of accessible content?
Perceivable - must not be invisible to the users' senses
Operable - users must be able to operate the features
Understandable - users must be able to understand the content and the user interface
Robust - the code that makes the content must be advanced enough to be used by all technologies, e.g., user agents, screen readers, and other accessibility devices
What does it mean to be disabled?
To be disabled entails but is not limited to:
elderly/degenerative impairments, blind, low vision, colorblind, motor/physical impairment, cognitive/brain injury, partial or total loss of hearing.
Many disabled use Assistive Technologies (AT's) to access digital information.
What are ATs?
Computer software and hardware, such as voice recognition programs, screen readers, and screen enlargement applications, which help people with mobility and sensory impairments to use computer technology.
In the classroom and elsewhere, assistive devices, such as automatic page-turners, book holders, and adapted pencil grips, allow learners with disabilities to participate in educational activities.
Closed captioning allows people with hearing impairments to access video content.
Why Use A11y?
Access to information is a basic human right. Implementing A11Y is a crucial!
"When we care about a11y we can say we know about a really good user experience"
- Marcy Sutton (A11Y developer and advocate)
Why Use A11y? (p2)
It is the law. These are the rules we need to follow. Lawsuits are happening at an increased rate throughout the country and expected to continue.
Compliant or Complaint
We want to avoid complaints to ensure a great UX (User Experience). Complaints are happening when users cannot complete tasks online or access information they need.How might complaints come to you?
Office of Civil Rights
Who will be a part of A11y?
Leadership
Policy
Legal
Communications
Developers
Procurement
3rd party vendors -VPAT (Voluntary Product Accessibility Template)
When?
When does compliance count? Compliance counts now. There are several laws that have been put into place over the years to establish a11y standards. Since 2005 all federally funded entities must be compliant to the level of WCAG 1.0 Level A.
When does the level of compliance increase? It was announced in April 2016 that WCAG 2.0 Level AA will go into effect in 2018. While we only have an estimation of less than two years, we recommend initiating this move now.
Keep in mind - Complaints pertaining to any level of compliance can happen at any time even though the WCAG 2.0 Level AA is not yet enforced.
Where do you need to address compliance?
Website code
Website text
Images
Video
Documents
Graphics
Complex charts
Forms
Tables
How do we get this done?
Create a Website Accessibility Policy
Measure your current state of accessibility
Prioritize violations
Use a variety of tools to find all errors
Website A11y Policy
Define or edit your policy
Establish a timeline
Document your progress
Measure your current state of A11y
§ 508-1194.22 Web Sites and Applications
Images missing alt tags
The alt attribute provides alternative information for an image if a user for some reason cannot view it
Color contrast
Parts of the website used color combinations that made text difficult or impossible for people with low vision to see.
Keyboard Only
Some important content of the website can only be accessed by people who can use a computer mouse, which means that content is not available to those who are blind, many who have low vision, and those with disabilities affecting fine motor control
How?
Suggestion: Use the following items in a table with assigned values for tracking violations:
Name (e.g., homepage accordion)
Media type (e.g., video stream, graphic, PDF, webpage, JavaScript, etcetera)
Occurrence rate (e.g., number of places violations on the website/app)
Severity, (e.g., how does this effect the user's experience and ability to complete their tasks) 1-10, 10 is the most severe
Noticeability, (e.g., how much are users likely to interact with this) 1-10, 10 is the most noticeable
Tractability, (e.g., how difficult is this to remediate) 1-10, 10 is the most tractable/most easily remediated
Priority, (e.g., critical, high, moderate, low) 1-10, 10 is the highest priority
How? (p2)
Techniques, browser add-ons, applications, etcetera
IT Accessibility Standards, Website Standards, Website Guidelines
World Wide Web Consortium Web Accessibility Initiative
WAVE website
WAVE Chrome Extension
Accessible University mock site
WebAIM website
The Incredible Accessible Modal Window
The Paciello Group Colour Contrast Analyser
WebAIM Color Contrast Checker
PDF accessibility from Adobe
WebAIM on accessible PDF
The World Wide Web Consortium’s (W3C) WCAG to Non-web Information and Communication Technology
W3C PDF Techniques for WCAG 2.0
Website Accessibility Evaluation Tools List
Planning and Managing Website Accessibility -WAI - W3C
Example
Things to Consider
What works & doesn’t work
Don't wait until it is too late. A11y must be implemented at each stage of the process. From idea to design to development, A11y needs to be addressed to avoid rework, additional code and delays.
Don't think A11y is ever "Done". A11y is an ongoing process. Accessible code can easily be reversed or erased by those who are not aware that it is there. New or updated content needs to be retested before being released.
Do start as soon as possible to get a team together. Do not put off A11y implementation for a later time.
Do meet with those who are needed for all parts and stages of getting your web content accessible.
Final Note
We should all want to have our web content available to those who need it. Inaccessible content excludes whole sections of the population from the benefits of technology. We hope this simple 5-W format presentation will help your team create more inclusive content that works better for everyone.
