ANIMAL CELL

By : “Aviral Gupta”

Holiday homework

Animal cell

An Animal cell is a form of eukaryotic cell that makes up many tissues in animals. The animal cell is distinct from other eukaryotes, most notably plant cells, as they lack cell walls and chloroplasts, and they have smaller vacuoles. Due to the lack of a rigid cell wall, animal cells can adopt a variety of shapes, and a phagocytic cell (white blood cells that protect the body by ingesting harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells) can even engulf other structures.

Animal Cell

Parts in Animal Cell

Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Mitochondria Vacuoles

Cell Membrane

The cell membrane or plasma membrane is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. It basically protects the cell from outside forces. It consists of the lipid bilayer with embedded proteins.

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm The cytoplasm is the gel-like substance

residing between the cell membrane holding all the cell's internal sub-structures (called organelles), except for the nucleus. All the contents of the cells of prokaryote organisms (which lack a cell nucleus) are contained within the cytoplasm. Within the cells of eukaryote organisms the contents of the cell nucleus are separated from the cytoplasm, and are then called the nucleoplasm. The cytoplasm is about 70% to 90% water and usually transparent.

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Nuclear membrane acts as a physical barrier, separating the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm. It is a semi permeable membrane and allows transport of substances in and out of nucleus. Its inner membrane is involved in protein synthesis. It acts as a filter in animal cell and it is brain like organ in animal cell. The nucleus serves as a storage and replication facility for DNA - the blueprint of life.

Nucleus

Endoplasmic reticulumThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle of cells in eukaryotic organisms that forms an interconnected network of tubules, vesicles, and cisterna. The structure of an endoplasmic reticulum is a membranous network cisterna (sac-like structures) held together by the the cytoskeleton. The endoplasmic reticulum serves many general functions, including the facilitation of protein folding and the transport of synthesized proteins in sacs called cisterna.

Endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi complex or Golgi body, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. It was identified in 1897 by the Italian physician Camillo Golgi and named after him in 1898. The Golgi is composed of stacks of membrane-bound structures known as cisternae. The function of the Golgi apparatus is to modify, sort, and package proteins and other materials from the cellular endoplasmic reticulum for storage within the Cell and (much more often) for the secretion of these proteinaceous bio-substances to the exterior of the cell.

Golgi apparatus

Lysosomes

Lysosomes are cellular organelles that contain acid hydrolase enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris. These are non-specific. They can be described as the stomach of the cell. They are found in animal cells, while their existence in yeasts and plants are disputed. These organelles are responsible for digesting the macromolecules that pose a threat to the cell by phagocytosis.

Lysosomes

Mitochondria

In cell biology, mitochondrion is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. These organelles range from 0.5 to 1.0 micrometer (μm) in diameter. Mitochondria are sometimes described as "cellular power plants" because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. The most prominent roles of mitochondria are to produce the energy currency of the cell.

Mitochondria

Vacuoles

A vacuole is a membrane- bound organelle which is present in all plants and fungal cells and some protist, animals and bacterial cells. Vacuoles are essentially enclosed compartments which are filled with water containing inorganic and organic molecules including enzymes in solution, though in certain cases they may contain solids which have been engulfed. It throws unwanted material.

Vacuole

Animal Cell

Deference between

Animal Cell And Plant Cell

Animal Cell Plant Cell

Shape: Round (irregular shape) Rectangular (fixed shape)

Cilia: Present It is very rare

Chloroplast:  don't have chloroplasts Plant cells have chloroplasts because they make their own food

Lysosomes: occur in cytoplasm. usually not evident.

Vacuole: One or more small vacuoles (much smaller than plant cells).

One, large central vacuole taking up 90% of cell volume.

Centrioles: Present in all animal cells Only present in lower plant forms.

Plastids: Absent Present

Cell wall: Absent Present

Plasma Membrane:

only cell membrane cell wall and cell membrane

Thank you