2. Paleolithic Man2 3. 3 4. PALEOLITHICPALEOLITHICOld Stone
Age30,000-9,000 BCEFood gatheringHuntingStone toolsBands of people
25-100Egalitarian Social order 5. Prehistoric Europe and the Near
East 5 6. How did this get started?? 6 7. RecognitionPareidolia 7
8. Recognition intoRepresentation 8 9. Recognition
intoRepresentation 9 10. Characteristic ofRepresentation Profile
view Descriptive (ConceptualClarity) No variety No originality
Overlapping Forms Floating Forms (no groundline) Natural features
guiderepresentation Repetition 10 11. Strategies
ofRepresentationIdea vs. Observation Twisted Perspective Strict
Profile 11 12. SUBJECTS 12 13. Waterworn pebbleresembling a
humanface, from Makapansgat,South Africa, ca.3,000,000 BCE.
Reddishbrown jasperite, approx.2 3/8 wide. 13 14. IS THIS ART?Why,
why not?14 15. Human with feline head, fromHohlenstein-Stadel,
Germany,ca. 30,00028,000 BCE.Mammoth ivory, 11 5/8 high.Ulmer
Museum, Ulm. 15 16. ShamanismAn anthropological term referencing
arange of beliefs and practicesregarding communication with
thespiritual world. Shamans areintermediaries or messengersbetween
the human world and thespirit worlds and are said to
treatailments/illness by mending the soul.The shaman also enters
supernaturalrealms or dimensions to obtainsolutions to problems
afflicting thecommunity.16 17. Shaman?17 18. Nude woman (Venus
ofWillendorf), from Willendorf,Austria, ca. 28,00025,000
BCE.Limestone, 4 1/4 high.Naturhistorisches Museum,Vienna. 18 19.
The average PaleolithicWoman..19 20. Small, portable,
frontalEmphasis on breasts,protruding stomach and
pubictriangle-anatomicalexaggerationLack of facial features
showsthe individual is not important. 21. Purpose?fertility and
nursing survival ofthe species ? 22. Sympathetic MagicThe idea that
one caninfluence something based onits relationship or
resemblanceto another thing. This includebeliefs that certain herbs
withyellow sap can cure jaundice,that walnuts could strengthenthe
brain because of the nutsresemblance to brain, that redbeet-juice
is good for theblood, that phallic-shaped rootswill cure male
impotence. 23. Woman holding a bison horn, fromLaussel, France, ca.
25,00020,000BCE. Painted limestone, approx. 1 6high. Muse
dAquitaine, Bordeaux.26 24. Red ochreHorn or crescent moon?13
notches 25. AnimismAnimism encompasses the beliefsthat there is no
separation betweenthe spiritual and physical (ormaterial) worlds,
and souls orspirits exist, not only in humans,but also in all other
animals, plants,rocks, natural phenomena such asthunder, geographic
features suchas mountains or rivers, or otherentities of the
natural environment. 28 26. AnimismFluidityPermeability 29 27.
Immanence30 28. Katrina31 29. Act of God?32 30. Bison, detail of a
paintedceiling in the cave at Altamira,Spain, ca. 12,00011,000BCE.
Each bison 5 long. 33 31. Spotted horses and negative hand
imprints, wall painting in the cave at Pech-Merle, France,ca.
22,000 BCE. 11 2 long. 34 32. How did they create theimages?Artists
used bone, sticks, brushmade with animal hair,hands/fingers, and
sharpenedrocks.Dark caverns were litwith torches and
prehistoriclamps: made with animal fat,etc etcIn Lascaux, scaffolds
andladders were built to get to thehigh points. 33. PigmentsPaints
came from earth mineralsand organic material - crushed andmixed
with cave water to createcolorRed, yellow ochre-charcoal. 34.
QUESTIONS to keep inmindWhat did the artists paint?Why did they
paint and carve onthe cave walls?Did they live in the caves
also?What evidence of human life do wesee in the caves?What is the
significance?What is represented in thesepaintings?Why are there so
few images ofhumans?How does this artwork reflect life
ofprehistoric peoples? 35. Hall of the Bulls (left wall) in the
cave at Lascaux, France, ca. 15,00013,000 BCE. Largest bull 116
long.39 36. Twisted Perspective40 37. Lascaux CaveDordogne,
c.17,000-15,000 BCPlan ofLascaux Lascaux 38. Lascaux - Chinese
Horses & Bulls 39. Rhinoceros, wounded man, and disemboweled
bison, painting in the well of thecave at Lascaux, France ca.
15,000 13,000 BCE. Bison 3 8 long. 43 40. Lascaux - Shaft of the
dead man 41. 45 42. 46 43. Aurochs, horses, and rhinoceroses, wall
painting in Chauvet Cave, Vallon-Pont-dArc, France, ca.30,00028,000
or ca. 15,00013,000 BCE.47 44. Strict Profile 48 45. Chauvet49 46.
Chauvet 47. Chauvet 48. Chauvet, horses 49. 53 50. Chauvet 51.
Chauvet 52. aurochBy 1599 only 24 remained. In 1602an audit
revealed only four healthyaurochs left, but it stated that
therewere many more sick onessuffering from an illness spreadfrom
"other cows." In 1620 only onefemale remained, and in 1630 thekings
inspector reported that shehad died three years earlier. A fewof
them reportedly were alive incaptivity in the early 1600s, but it
isnot known if any outlived those inthe wild.56 53. Chauvet - bear
54. Chauvet 55. Chauvet 56. Chauvet 57. Theories 58. ENSURE
CONTINUATION OF SPECIES ? 59. ENSURE SUCCESSFUL HUNT ? 60. Ok,
explain this..64 61. Picasso65 62. MESOLITHICMiddle Stone Age
9,000-4,500BCELast phase of Paleolithic ageIntensified food
gatheringTaming of the dogTribes and bands of 100-2000Humans begin
to control theirenvironmentTransition from Hunter gatherer
tofarmer-herderThe Mesolithic is not well definedexcept for the
lack of domesticatedplants or animals (Dogs for hunting is an
exception.) 66 63. NEOLITHIC8,000-2,000 BCEHerding/domesticated
animals cattle, sheep, goats, horses, and camels)Farming wheat
(Near East), corn(Mesoamerica) and rice (Central China orSoutheast
Asia)Development of permanent settlements andtownsNew Technologies
Stones for grinding grains Pottery for cooking andstorage
Metallurgy for makingagricultural implementsTrade Roads and trade
routes Seagoing vessels Exchange of ideas67 64. NEOLITHICSimple to
complex social structureSocioeconomic differentiationEconomic
specialization(nonfarm) and tradeRise of moneyPolitical
institutions:chiefdom to stateLegal institutions andcodified
lawRise of ARTA more leisured societybecause high productivitya
allows freedom forsome from subsistence activities.Full-time
artisans produce ofluxury goods which includesculpture, painting,
drawingThey also include moreintangible pursuits, such asmusic,
drama, dance, and evenphilosophy68 65. Anarcho-primitivismis an
anarchist critique of theorigins and progress of
civilization.Primitivists argue that the shift fromhunter-gatherer
to agriculturalsubsistence gave rise to socialstratification,
coercion, andalienation. They advocate a returnto non-"civilized"
ways of lifethrough deindustrialisation,abolition of division of
labour orspecialization, and abandonment oftechnology.Many
traditional anarchists rejectthe critique of civilization whilesome
endorse it but do notconsider themselves primitivistssuch as Wolfi
Landstreicher.Anarcho-primitivists are oftendistinguished by their
focus on thepraxis of achieving a feral statethrough "rewilding".
69 66. Tassili, AlgeriaRock painting suggests transitionbetween
foraging and herding todomestication of animalsOther rock art show
war scenes,herdsmen warding off lion attacks, anddancing, usually
with both human andanimal figures. 67. 71 68. 72 69. 73 70. Tassili
nAjjerThe range is noted for its prehistoricrock art and other
ancientarchaeological sites, dating fromNeolithic times when the
local climatewas more moist, with savannah ratherthan desert. It
was have been dated to9-10 millennia ago or older, using
OSLtechniques. The art depicts herds of cattle, largewild animals
including crocodiles, andhuman activities such as hunting
anddancing.The ranges exceptional density of rockart
paintings-pictograms andengravings-petroglyphs, and thepresence of
many prehistoric vestiges,are remarkable testimonies to
Neolithicprehistory.74 71. 75 72. 76 73. 77 74. 78 75. 79 76. 80
77. 81 78. 82 79. Stonehenge 2550-1600 BCE, England 80. 84 81.
Aerial view of Stonehenge, Salisbury Plain, England, ca. 25501600
BCE. Circle is 97 indiameter; trilithons 24 high. 85 82. Stonehenge
Menhirs are vertical columns of massive stone (post) Dolmens are
the stone tables placed on the dolmens (lintels) This structure is
called a trilithon 83. Stonehenge: Aubrey HolesOutside the circle
are 56Aubrey holes, named aftertheir discoverer John AubreyThese
are 3-foot holes filledwith chalk.A ditch surrounds the
outerperimeter.The holes are said to becalibrated to track the
eclipseof the moon over 56 years 84. Other Parts of
StonehengeOutside the structure is theHeel Stone, placed
northeast.Within the cromlech is the AltarStone, partly surrounded
byfive inner trilithons, made ofbluestoneViewed from the Altar
stone, itis said that the sun risesdirectly over the heel stone
insummer solstice 85. Phase I ca 3100 BCE 86. Phase III 87.
Stonehenge is believed tohave religious significance dueto its many
alignments tocelestial events. (Primarily therising and setting of
the sun onthe winter and summersolstice.) 88. Sun rises behind the
heel stone. 89. 94 90. 95 91. Winter Solstice 17 minutes 92. 97 93.
Triple Goddess 98 94. Hagar QimMalta3200-2500 BCE99 95. Fertile
Crescent: The FirstNeolithic Region The earliest known sites are
found in the Near East around the so-called Fertile Crescent, from
the Upper Nile to the East Mediterranean (Levant) Then into Turkey
and Syria and to present-day Iraq. 96. tell 101 97. Jericho: The
Oldest Fortified City Pop: 2,0008,000-6,000 BCE Jordan River,
Palestine Mud brick houses Fortified monumental city wall Presence
of fresh-water spring Walls 5 feet wide, 20 feet tall Surrounded by
ditch 98. Great stone tower builtinto the settlement wall,Jericho,
ca. 80007000BCE.103 99. Jericho Human Skull7000-6,000 BCEDetached
from body bodies in ground heads above groundOnly 14
found-Primarily femaleReconstructed featuresPlasterSeashellsPaint
100. Human figure, from Ain Ghazal,Jordan, ca. 67506250
BCE.Plaster, painted and inlaid withbitumen, 3 5 3/8 high.
Louvre,Paris. 105 101. Ain Ghazalspring of the gazelle32 figures
found7650 BCE12-40 tall (large)Plaster around bundles of weedsNo
genitalia (only breasts)Faces painted with yellow ochrePossibly
dressed with wigs and clothingLarge heads, small armsVenerated
ancestors?Ghosts(lure into figure)?Gods(man, woman, child)?106 102.
107 103. 108 104. atal Hyk, Turkey7250-5900 BCEPrecursor to the
first civilization in IraqPop. 8,000Manufacturing village:pottery,
metallurgy,textiles. obsidianNo streets; enter and exit through
chimneyHouses form one continuous wall to theoutside6000-5900BCE12
levels over 800 yearsTrade: obsidian and manufacturedgoods( arts,
crafts, weaving, smeltingcopper and lead)No streets, no doorsEnter
through chimney 105. Catal Hoyuk, Turkey, Southern Anatolia, ca.
7,500-5,700 BCE. 106. 111 107. 112 108. 113 109. Catal Huyuk, 12
levels over 800 years Trade: obsidian andmanufactured goods(
arts,crafts, weaving, smeltingcopper and lead) No streets, no doors
Enter through chimney Enter on south wall Houses vary in size, but
allsame basic plan Bury dead beneath the floors 110. Reconstruction
of settlement dwellingCatal Hoyuk 111. Landscape with volcanic
eruption (?), watercolor copy of a wall painting from LevelVII,
atal Hyk, Turkey, ca. 6150 BCE.116 112. Hasan
DagVolcano=Obsidian=money 117 113. 118 114. Fired claySitting in
throneFlanked by 2 catsGiving birthFemale god ?119 115.
bucraniaMale God? 120
