Chapter 7 pp. 143-152

Adenosine Triphosphate Adenosine portion

AdenineNitrogen-containing compound

Ribose5-Carbon sugar

Triphosphate 3- phosphate group tail “business” end of the molecule

Where the energy comes from Each phosphate group has a negative charge Negatives repel each other

Contributes to the potential E stored in ATPKind of like a compressed spring

How Does ATP release Energy?

High Energy bonds between phosphate groups To release this energy, bond must be broken

How does the bond break? A phosphate group from ATP is transferred to another molecule When ATP loses a phosphate group, it becomes Adensosine

Diphosphate It also releases energy for the cell to use in its many processes The potential energy stored in the bond has been converted

into kinetic energy

3 Types of Work Your Cell Can Do

Chemical Work Building a large molecule

Ex. Proteins Put many amino acids together by a

dehydration synthesis reaction (reaction that removes water)

Mechanical Work Physically moving a protein or cellular

structure Ex. Cilia, flagella, muscle proteins Contraction of a muscle

In muscle cells, ATP transfers phosphate group, starting chain of events that cause muscle cells to contract

Transport Work Active Transport Pumping solutes across a membrane Transfer of phosphate group in ATP cause

membrane protein to change shape and transport solute into/out of cell

ATP CYCLE Recyclable ATP loses a P groupADP ADP gains P group ATP

Adding phosphate group requires E Like it takes energy

to compress a spring (you have to push it back)

Where does this energy to add phosphate group come from? Organic molecules

from FOOD

How Does the Cell Keep Up With the Demand for ATP? The ATP recycling processes happens

very quickly A muscle cell recycles ALL of its ATP

molecules in about one minute10 million ATP molecules spent AND

regenerated every second