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Cells ~ Biology Edgar

Biology - Cells, organic molecules, diffusion 1112

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Page 1: Biology - Cells, organic molecules, diffusion 1112

Cells ~ BiologyEdgar

Page 2: Biology - Cells, organic molecules, diffusion 1112
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Muscle Tissue Stomach Epithelium

Beta Cells – Islets of Langerhans Adipose Tissue

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Organic Macromolecules

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Monomers and Polymers

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LACTASE: LCT (Single Mutation)

AMYLASE:AMY Gene (multiple copies)

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Enzyme

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Concept Check

• Two molecules that can cross a lipid bilayer without help from membrane proteins are O2 and CO2. What properties allow this to occur?

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Osmosis

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Concept Check• This diagram represents osmosis

of water across a semipermeable membrane. The U-tube on the right shows the results of the osmosis. What could you do to level the solutions in the two sides of the right hand U-tube?a) Add more water to the left hand side.

b) Add more water to the right hand side.

c) Add more solute to the left hand side.

d) Add more solute to the right hand side.

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Answer

•This diagram represents osmosis of water across a semipermeable membrane. The U-tube on the right shows the results of the osmosis. What could you do to level the solutions in the two sides of the right hand U-tube?

c) Add more solute to the left hand side.

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Concept Check

• Why would water molecules need a transport protein (aquaporin) to move rapidily and in large quantities across a cell membrane?

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Concept Check

• If a Paramecium were to swim from a hypotonic environment to an isotonic one, would the activity of its contractile vacuole increase or decrease? Why?

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Jmol

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Enzymes

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Storage

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Structural

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Transport

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Hormonal

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Receptor

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Contractile & Motor

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Defensive

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Enzymes

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Make A Prediction

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Temperature and pH?

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LE 4-4a

Roughendoplasmicreticulum

Smoothendoplasmicreticulum

Nucleus

Flagellum

Lycosome

Centriole

Not in mostplant cells

Peroxisome

Microtubule

Intermediatefilament

Microfilament

Cytoskeleton

Golgiapparatus

Ribosomes

Plasma membrane

Mitochondrion

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LE 4-4b

Not inanimalcells

Golgiapparatus

Nucleus

Centralvacuole

Chloroplast

Cell wall

Mitochondrion

Peroxisome

Plasma membrane

Rough endoplasmicreticulum

Smooth endoplasmicreticulum

Ribosomes

Microtubule

Intermediatefilament

Microfilament

Cytoskeleton

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LE 4-5

Chromatin

Nucleolus

Pore

Nucleus

Two membranesof nuclear envelope

Roughendoplasmicreticulum

Ribosomes

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LE 4-7

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Nuclearenvelope

Ribosomes

Smooth ER Rough ER

TE

M 4

5,0

00

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LE 4-10a-1

Plasmamembrane

Rough ER

Lysosomes

Transport vesicle(containing inactivehydrolytic enzymes)

Golgiapparatus

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LE 4-10a-2

Plasmamembrane

Rough ER

Lysosomes

Transport vesicle(containing inactivehydrolytic enzymes)

Golgiapparatus

Engulfmentof particle

“Food”

Foodvacuole

Digestion

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LE 4-10a-3

Plasmamembrane

Rough ER

Lysosomes

Transport vesicle(containing inactivehydrolytic enzymes)

Golgiapparatus

Engulfmentof particle

“Food”

Foodvacuole

Digestion

Lysosomeengulfingdamagedorganelle

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LE 4-10b

Lysosome

Nucleus

TE

M 8

,50

0

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LE 4-10c

Lysosome containingtwo damaged organelles

TE

M 4

2,5

00

Mitochondrion fragment

Peroxisome fragment

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LE 4-13

Transport vesiclefrom ER to GolgiRough ER

Nucleus

Smooth ER Nuclear envelope Golgi apparatus

Lysosome

Vacuole

Plasmamembrane

Transport vesicle fromGolgi to plasma membrane

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LE 4-12

LM

650

Centralvacuole

Nucleus

Contractilevacuoles

Nucleus

ChloroplastC

olo

rize

d T

EM

8,7

00

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LE 4-14

ChloroplastStroma

Inner and outermembranes

Granum

Intermembranespace

TE

M 9

,750

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LE 4-15

Mitochondrion

Intermembranespace

Outermembrane

Innermembrane

Cristae

Matrix TE

M 4

4,88

0

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Figure 4.17a

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Figure 4.17b

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LE 4-18a

Vacuole

Wallsof twoadjacentplant cells

Plasmodesmata

Layersof one plantcell wall

Cytoplasm

Plasma membrane

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Table 4.19

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Table 4.19

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Table 4.19

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Resting Potential

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Action Potential

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Synapse

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Percent Change in Mass of Potato cores at different molarities of sucrose

-25.00

-20.00

-15.00

-10.00

-5.00

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

Sucrose Molarity w ithin beaker

Per

cen

t C

han

ge

in M

ass

Percent Change in Mass of Potato cores atdifferent molarities of sucrose