"Cloud Computing in the Public Sector" (.ppt)

1Copyright © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco ConfidentialCisco Confidential Internet Business Solutions Group

Cloud Computing in the Public Sector

Carolyn PurcellJanuary 26, 2010


What is Cloud Computing?


“In the years ahead, more and more of the information-processing tasks that we rely on, at home and at work, will be handled by big data centers located out on the Internet. The nature and economics of computing will change as dramatically as the nature and economics of mechanical power changed with the rise of electric utilities in the early years of the last century. The consequences for society—for the way we live, work, learn, communicate, entertain ourselves, and even think—promise to be equally profound. If the electric dynamo was the machine that fashioned twentieth century society—that made us who we are—the information dynamo is the machine that will fashion the new society of the twenty-first century.”

Nicholas Carr

“The Big Switch—Rewiring the World from Edison to Google”


Mainframe

Client Server

Minicomputer

Cloud

Web

Disruptor:Virtualization

Future of Computing

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000


Next Inflection Point

IT resources and services that are abstracted from the underlying infrastructure and provided “on-demand” and “at scale” in a multi-tenant environment

WHAT IS CLOUD COMPUTING?

Today, clouds are associated with an off-premise, hosted model


Public vs Private Cloud

Public Clouds Private Clouds

Often depicted as being available to users from a third party provider, "public" clouds are typically made available via the Internet and may be free or inexpensive to use. There are many examples of these types of clouds, providing services across open, public networks today.

One example is Amazon Web Services.

"Private" clouds offer many of the same benefits as "public" clouds but are managed within the organization.

These types of clouds are not burdened by network bandwidth and availability issues or potential security exposures that may be associated with public clouds.

Private clouds can offer the provider and user greater control, security and resilience.

Greater risks in terms of security, resiliency, transparency and performance predictability (at least in the near term).Key benefit: tremendous elasticity

Less risk – security, resiliency, infrastructure and support processes will not differ significantly from current environment. Better cost effectiveness and agilityMove to SLA based service deliveryLower elasticity compared to external clouds


Samples of cloud services

http://blogs.southworks.net/mwoloski/2008/08/19/cloud-computing-taxonomy-map/, August 19, 2008


Cloud Definition from NIST

Public Private Hybrid CommunityDeployment

Models

ServiceModels

Software as a Service (SaaS)

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Infrastucture as a Service (IaaS)

EssentialCharacteristics

On-Demand Self Service

Broad Network Access

Resource Pooling

Rapid ElasticityMeasured Service

Visual Model of NIST’s Working Definition of Cloud Computing

http://www.csrc.nist.gov/groups/SNS/cloud-computing/index.html

9Copyright © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco ConfidentialCisco Confidential Internet Business Solutions Group 9

Service Model Architectures (from NIST)

Cloud Infrastructure

IaaS

PaaS

SaaS

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Architectures

Platform as a Service (PaaS)Architectures

Software as a Service (SaaS)

Architectures


SaaS


PaaS

SaaS

Cloud InfrastructureIaaS

PaaS


PaaS

Cloud InfrastructureIaaS


Cloud Layers

Flexible Infrastructure

Compute, storage, and other established services on-demand

Virtual Private Datacenter

Compatible with existing applications

Examples include:

Amazon EC2 - Elastic Compute Cloud

Mosso, GoGrid (HSPs)


Cloud Layers

Abstract Services

Wide range of capabilities exposed to the developer through new APIs

Also known as PaaS – Solutions Generally Targeted

Examples include:

Google App Engine

Amazon S3 - Simple Storage Service

App Frameworks (e.g. Hadoop)

Akamai Content Delivery


Cloud Layers

Application

End user Complete Applications (usually delivered via browser)

Also known as SaaS, sometimes extended with APIs (as in PaaS)

Examples include:

salesforce.com/force.com

WebEx (Connect)

Hotmail


Evolution of the Cloud Computing MarketFrom Stand-Alone to The Inter-Cloud

Stand-AloneData Centers

Phase 1

Internal Cloud

Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4

Public Cloud

Private Cloud

Public Cloud

Virtual Private Cloud

Open Cloud

PRESENT 2015-2017

Federation / Workload Portability / Interoperability / Security

Inter-Cloud

Public Cloud #1 Public Cloud #2

Inter-Cloud


AWS

Rackspace

Google Apps


Example of the rise in cloud services

Re

lativ

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dw

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Co

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Source: Amazon Web Services Blog, January 2008 (http://aws.typepad.com/aws/2008/05/lots-of-bits.html)


Why should you care?


Where is IT’s Greatest Impact on Government?

Federal CIO Survey Question: Where will investments in technology have the greatest impact on the performance of government?

Source: AFFIRM, December 2008

Cross-Agency Information Sharing and Collaboration

Information Security and Privacy

Critical Infrastructure Sustainability and Continuity

Government Management

Transparent, Citizen-Centric Government


How Secure Is Government IT?

Federal CIO Survey Question: Has the IT infrastructure that supports your agency’s mission become more secure or less secure?

Source: AFFIRM, December 2008

More Secure

Unchanged

Less Secure


wordle.net


Policy & Technology are Drivers of Change

PUBLICPOLICY

NETWORK

Energy Education Entertainment

Healthcare Transportation Urban Development


What are the pros and cons?


Benefits of Cloud Computing

BENEFIT COMMENT

Cost SavingsOrganizations can reduce or eliminate IT capital expenditures and reduce ongoing operating

expenditures by paying only for the services they use and, potentially, by reducing the size of their IT staffs.

Ease of ImplementationWithout the need to purchase hardware, software licenses, or implementation services, an

organization can implement cloud computing rapidly.

Flexibility

Cloud computing offers more flexibility (often called “elasticity”) in matching IT resources to business functions than past computing methods. It can also increase mobility of staff by allowing them to access business information and applications from a wider range of locations and/or devices.

ScalabilityOrganizations using cloud computing need not scramble to secure additional hardware and

software when user loads increase, but can instead add and subtract capacity as the network load dictates.

Access to Top-End IT Capabilities

Particularly for smaller organizations, cloud computing can allow access to hardware, software, and IT staff of a caliber far beyond that which they can attract and/or afford for themselves.

Redeployment of IT StaffBy reducing or doing away with constant server updates and other computing issues, and

eliminating expenditures of time and money on application development, organizations may be able to concentrate at least some of their IT staff on higher-value tasks.

Focusing on Core Competencies

Arguably, the ability to run data centers and to develop and manage software applications is not necessarily a core competency of most organizations. Cloud computing may make it much easier to reduce or shed these functions, allowing organizations to concentrate their efforts on issues central to their business such as (in government) the development of policy and design and delivery of public services.

Sustainability

The poor energy efficiency of most existing data centers, due to substandard design or inefficient asset utilization, is now understood to be environmentally and economically unsustainable. Cloud service providers, through leveraging economies of scale and their capacity to managing computing assets more efficiently, can consume far less energy and other resources than traditional data center operators.

Source: IBSG, 2009Source: IBSG 2009


Challenges

Source: Cisco IBSG 2009


Reliability

http://www.marketspaceadvisory.com/cloud/ : “Envisioning the Cloud: the Next Computing Paradigm,” J Rayport & A.Heyward, 2009

Rackspace 11-03-09

Microsoft Sidekick 10-11-09

Sales Force 12-28-09, 1-5-09


The Government IT Journey to Cloud Computing


The Government CIO View: Why Cloud and Why Now?

1. Make IT more scalable, flexible

2. Deploy services faster

3. Lower the cost of IT (convert capital costs to operating costs)

FORCES DRIVING AGENCIES TO CLOUD COMPUTING:


Where to start:Low-Hanging Fruit for Government Cloud Projects

Collaboration & information sharing

Next phase of infrastructure virtualization

Hosting of non-critical applications & non-sensitive data

Development, QA and Test

Projects with large-scale compute and storage demands

Security services


Key to Agency Adoption of Cloud: Trust

Before the Economics of Cloud Computing Can be Considered, Agencies Require a Trusted Service Infrastructure

Before the Economics of Cloud Computing Can be Considered, Agencies Require a Trusted Service Infrastructure

Security Control

Service-LevelManagement

Compliance


Getting Started … Simple 5-Track Roadmap

1. Optimize the current IT environment with the goal of providing an internal set of cloud services and enabling the incorporation of external services. This will be the services roadmap.

2. Identify cloud services opportunities based on business needs, value proposition, and the ability to adopt/support those services. This will be the services portfolio.

3. Communicate with the BUs about cloud services and the roadmap and process for incorporating them into the architecture, whether the services are internal or external. This will be the communication plan.

4. Experiment with and pilot various services, both internal and external, to identify where the real issues will arise. This will be the lab.

5. Designate a cross-functional team to monitor continually which new services, providers, and standards are in this space and determine if they affect the roadmap. This will be the sensing and strategy-evolution function.


Q & A

31Copyright © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Confidential

32Copyright © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Confidential

Cloud ServicesWe believe that Cloud Services are in their infancy and will offer significantly greater flexibility, reliability and cost effectiveness in the future, although many hurdles will need to be overcome.

We believe that Cloud Services are in their infancy and will offer significantly greater flexibility, reliability and cost effectiveness in the future, although many hurdles will need to be overcome.