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Introduction on open source technologies that can be used to deploy and manage cloud computing environments. Especially geared toward Infrastructure-as-a-service environments. Updated for presentation at Indiana Linuxfest (3/26/2011). Updates: - Open source cloud storage (CEPH, Swift, Gluster) - Orchestration - MCollective - Cloud Infrastructure Diagrams
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Mark R. Hinkle VP of Community Cloud.com Twitter: @mrhinkle Email: [email protected]
Crash Course in Open Source Cloud Computing
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%whoami • Responsible for Driving Adoption of
CloudStack Open Source Cloud Computing Software
• Former manager of Zenoss Open Source project 100,000 users, 1.5 million downloads
• Former Linux Desktop Advocate (Zealot?) • Former LinuxWorld Magazine Editor-in-Chief • Open Management Consortium Conspirator • Open Desktop Consortium Instigator • Author - “Windows to Linux Business Desktop
Migration” - Thomson • NetDirector Project - Open Source
Con!guration Management Project • Sometimes Author and Blogger at
SocializedSoftware.com/NetworkWorld • Start-up junkie, Glutton for punishment
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Agenda
• Cutting Through the Cloud Computing Hype
• Open Source Building Blocks for Cloud Computing
• Open Source Tools for Cloud Management
• Questions (and Hopefully Answers)
Cloud Computing: Cutting through the Hype
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Cloud Computing Adoption
• 365,000 web sites are running on Amazon EC2 - Netcraft May 2010
• £76 billion spent on Cloud Computing in the U.K. in 2010 - IT Candor
• Cloud Computing will be a $126 billion market by 2012 - IBM
• 20% of Businesses won’t have IT Assets by 2012 - Gartner
• December 2010,Amazon Web Services housed 262 billion objects, more than doubling in size from 102 billion objects at the close of 2009 - Amazon
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Open Source Virtual Adoption
• 41% of users prefer to deploy servers virtually, 29.3% use virtualization whenever possible
• Xen is 2nd most popular virtualization technology after VMware followed by Linux Kernel-Based Virtual Machines (KVM) with 21.3% of the market
• 49.2% of users planed to deploy hosted Linux servers in 2010 while 32.6% indicated that they would be deploying hosted Microsoft Windows.
• 50.8% indicated they used no specific management tools for cloud computing, 33.3% indicated using tools provided by their hosting provider
Source: Zenoss Cloud Computing State of the Union - http://www.zenoss.com/in/virtualization_survey.html
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Five Characteristics of Clouds
1. On-Demand Self-Service
2. Broad Network Access
3. Resource Pooling
4. Rapid Elasticity
5. Measured Service
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Cloud Computing Service Models USER CLOUD a.k.a. SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE Single application, multi-tenancy, network-based, one-to-many delivery of applications, all users have same access to features. Examples: Salesforce.com, Google Docs, Red Hat Network/RHEL DEVELOPMENT CLOUD a.k.a. PLATFORM-AS-A-SERVICE Application developer model, Application deployed to an elastic service that autoscales, low administrative overhead. No concept of virtual machines or operating system. Code it and deploy it. Examples: Google AppEngine, Windows Azure, Rackspace Site, Red Hat Makara SYSTEMS CLOUD a.k.a INFRASTRUCTURE-AS-A-SERVICE Servers and storage are made available in a scalable way over a network. Examples: EC2,Rackspace CloudFiles, OpenStack, CloudStack, Eucalyptus, Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud, OpenNebula
9 Deployment Models Public,Private & Hybrid Clouds
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Benefits of Cloud Computing
Public Cloud • Pay for What You Need • Numerous Geographical
Options • Virtually unlimited
capacity • Op-Ex versus Cap-Ex • Automation Capabilities
Private Cloud • Full control of
infrastructure • Security (if you are good) • Automation Capabilities • Flexibility, Flexibility,
Flexibility
Building Compute Clouds with Open Source Software
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Open Source Hypervisors
Open Source • Xen Cloud Platform (XCP) • KVM – Kernel-based Virtualization • VirtualBox* - Oracle supported Virtualization Solutions • OpenVZ* - Container-based, Similar to Solaris Containers or BSD Zones • LXC – User Space chrooted installs
Proprietary • VMware • Citrix Xenserver • Microsoft Hyper-V
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Open Source Compute Clouds Year Started License Hypervisors
Supported
2010 (Development Since 2008)
GPL Xenserver, VMware, KVM, Hyper-V
2008 GPL Xen, KVM, VMware
2010 (Developed by NASA by Anso Labs peviously)
Apache Xen, KVM, Hyper-V
2009 (Karmic Koala) GPL Xen,KVM
2009 (Development 2006)
LGPL v3 VMware ESX and ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V, Xen, KVM and Virtual Box
Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud
14 Open Source Cloud Computing Storage • GlusterFS – Scale Out NAS system agregating storage
over Ethernet or Infiniband • CEPH – Distributed file storage system • OpenStack Storage (Swift) – Long-term storage object
storage system • Sheepdog – Distributed storage for KVM hypervisors • NFS – Old standby, tried and true, not designed for
cloud scale or performance
15 Cloud APIs Aren’t Created Equal Open Source Abstractions • jclouds • libcloud • deltacloud
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Private Cloud Architecture
Managing Clouds with Open Source Tools
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Cloudy Tools
• Network Capable • Cloud “Aware” • Easy-to-Integrate • Adhere to Open Standards • Lend Themselves to Automation
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The Myth of the Nines Availability % Downtime per
Year Downtime per Month
Downtime per Week
99.9% (three nines) 8.76 hours 43.2 minutes 10.1 minutes
99.95% 4.38 hours 21.56 minutes 5.04 minutes
99.99% (four nines) 52.6 minutes 4.32 minutes 1.01 minutes
99.999% (!ve nines) 5.26 minutes 25.9 minutes 6.05 minutes
99.9999% (six nines) 31.5 seconds 2.59 seconds .0605 seconds
Average polling interval for monitoring? 5 minutes? Even superhuman operations people can’t be alerted and take action in under 5 minutes.
One outage per year could drop service level to three nines or worse.
20 Automation Unlocks the Potential of the Cloud
• MeatCloud, Can’t Keep up with Cloud Computing
• Devops & Agile IT Philosophy
• Script Repetitive Tasks • Automate, Automate,
Automate
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4 Types of Management Tools
Provisioning Installation of operating systems and other software
Configuration Management Sets the parameters for servers, can specify installation parameters
Orchestration/Automation Automate tasks across systems
Monitoring Records errors and health of IT infrastructure
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Management Toolchains
Con!guration
Patching and Provisioning
Monitoring
Toolchain (n): A set of tools where the output of one tool becomes the input of another tool
23 Open Source Provisioning Tools
Year Started Language License Installation Targets
Cobbler 2007 Python GPL Red Hat, OpenSUSE Fedora, Debian, Ubuntu
Fully Automatic Installation (FAI)
2000 Perl GPL Debian
Kickstart ? Python GPL Most .dep and RPM based Linux distros
Spacewalk 2008 Perl, Python, Java GPL Fedora, Centos
Viper 2008 Perl GPL Debian
24 Open Source Configuration Management Tools
Year Started Language License Client/Server
Bcfg2 2003 Python BSD Yes
Cfengine 1993 C Apache Yes
Chef 2009 Ruby Apache Chef Solo – No Chef Server - Yes
Puppet 2004 Ruby GPL yes
25 Open Source Monitoring Tools
Year Started License Language Type of Monitoring
Collection Methods
Cacti 2001 GPL PHP Performance SNMP, syslog
Nagios 1999 GPL C/PHP Availability SNMP,TCP, ICMP, IPMI, syslog
OpenNMS 2000 GPL Java Availability/Performance
SNMP,
Zabbix 2001 GPL C/PHP Availability/ Performance and more
SNMP, TCP/ICMP, IPMI, Synthetic Transactions
Zenoss 2005 GPL Python Availability, Performance, Event Management
SNMP, ICMP, SSH, syslog, WMI
26 Open Source Automation/Orchestration Tools
Year Started
Language License Client/Server
Support Organization
AutomateIT 2009 Ruby GPL No None
Capistrano 2006 Ruby MIT Yes None
RunDeck 2010 Java Apache Yes DTO Solutions
Func 2007 Python GPL Yes Fedora Project
MCollective 2009 Ruby Apache Yes PuppetLabs
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Automated Toolchain
Cloud Image Launch
OS Install
System Con!guration
Application Service Orchestration
Capistrano RunDeck Fabric Func
BCFG2 Cfengine Chef Puppet
Cloud: Eucalyptus OpenStack CloudStack Abiquo
OS Install: Kickstart Cobbler Spacewalk
Command and Control
Con!guration
Bootstrapping Prov
isio
ning
Act
ivity
Questions?
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Contact Me
Professional: [email protected] Personal: [email protected]
Professional: [email protected] Personal: [email protected]
Professional: http://open.cloud.com Personal: http://socializedsoftware.com
Twitter: @mrhinkle
Mark R. Hinkle VP of Community Open Source Fanboy
Crash Course in Cloud Computing by Mark R. Hinkle is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License.
