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Demonstration of detection of hidden persons and illegal substances with an array of quantum cascade lasers and cantilever enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy Sauli Sinisalo, Client Partner, Gasera Ltd. Pittcon 2016, Atlanta, 7 th March 2016, 10:45 AM

Demonstration of Detection of Hidden Persons and Illegal Substances with an Array of Quantum Cascade Lasers and Cantilever-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

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Page 1: Demonstration of Detection of Hidden Persons and Illegal Substances with an Array of Quantum Cascade Lasers and Cantilever-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

Demonstration of detection of hidden persons and illegal substances with an array of quantum cascade lasers and

cantilever enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy

Sauli Sinisalo, Client Partner, Gasera Ltd.Pittcon 2016, Atlanta, 7th March 2016, 10:45 AM

Page 2: Demonstration of Detection of Hidden Persons and Illegal Substances with an Array of Quantum Cascade Lasers and Cantilever-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

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• Funded by the European Commission under the FP7-Security programme

• Project started in 2012, ended in November 2015• The Consortium of 14 partners from 5 EU countries

DOGGIES project aims at demonstrating:• An operational movable stand-alone sensor for an efficient detection of hidden persons, drugs & explosives

• “Orthogonal” trace detection• Mid-Infrared spectroscopy, based on photoacoustic detection (PAS) with widely tunable integrated MIR source i.e. MIRPAS

• Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS), with non-radioactive ionization source

• Using specific pre-concentrators and advanced software to provide reliable detection in real environments

DOGGIES = Detection of Olfactory traces by orthoGonal Gas identification technologIES

DOGGIES-project

Page 3: Demonstration of Detection of Hidden Persons and Illegal Substances with an Array of Quantum Cascade Lasers and Cantilever-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

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Consortium and partners

MirSense

Page 4: Demonstration of Detection of Hidden Persons and Illegal Substances with an Array of Quantum Cascade Lasers and Cantilever-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

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Orthogonal trace detectionIon Mobility spectrometry•Mature and well accepted•Compact design•High sensitivity•High selectivity

Photoacoustic spectroscopy•Extreme sensitivity•Short optical path, very small dimensions

•Short response time•High selectivity

Page 5: Demonstration of Detection of Hidden Persons and Illegal Substances with an Array of Quantum Cascade Lasers and Cantilever-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

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Compounds of interestTypical indications of human presence

•Expired air Acetone, Isoprene, Ammonia, CO2•Blood (air phase) Acetone, Isoprene, •Urine (air phase) Acetone, Various ketones•Sweat odor (E & Z)-3-methylhex-2-enoic acid (i.e.3MHA)

Typical drug precursors•a- and b-pinene (cannabis)•Safrole (MDMA/ecstasy)•Bentzhyl Methyl Ketone (amphetamine/metamphetamine)

Typical explosives and taggants•2- and 4-nitrotoluene•2,4- and 2,6-Dinitrotoluene•Butyl acetate

Gas library with in total of 52 componentsIncluding a discovery of new cannabis marker (patent pending)

Page 6: Demonstration of Detection of Hidden Persons and Illegal Substances with an Array of Quantum Cascade Lasers and Cantilever-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

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Photoacoustic spectroscopyPhotoacoustic Effect

•Discovered in 1880 by Alexander Graham Bell

•This theoretical potential has not been reached, since conventional microphones have been used for sensing the pressure pulses

•Gasera’s novel cantilever sensor technology allows the use of the full potential of the photoacoustic phenomena

Page 7: Demonstration of Detection of Hidden Persons and Illegal Substances with an Array of Quantum Cascade Lasers and Cantilever-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

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Photoacoustic spectroscopyCantilever Enhanced Photoacoustics• MEMS cantilever from silicon• Contactless optical measurement based on laser interferometry

• Over 100 times greater physical movement can be achieved compared to conventional microphone membrane

• Measures cantilever displacements smaller than picometer (10-12 m)

• Extremely wide dynamic measurement range

Page 8: Demonstration of Detection of Hidden Persons and Illegal Substances with an Array of Quantum Cascade Lasers and Cantilever-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

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Photoacoustic spectroscopy

Page 9: Demonstration of Detection of Hidden Persons and Illegal Substances with an Array of Quantum Cascade Lasers and Cantilever-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

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Widely tunable DFB QCL array

DFB QCL’s

• 32 DFB QCL’s in single chip• Integrated photonics multiplexer with SiGE/Si

and Ge/SiGe waveguides• 7.4 µm for detection of explosives and drugs• 9.1 µm for detection of drugs, drug precursors

and human

waveguide multiplexer

Advantages of QCL array• room temperature operation • robust• low cost• high stability

Page 10: Demonstration of Detection of Hidden Persons and Illegal Substances with an Array of Quantum Cascade Lasers and Cantilever-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

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Expected sensitivitySimulated results for QCL-array (5 mW) with MIRPAS module

Page 11: Demonstration of Detection of Hidden Persons and Illegal Substances with an Array of Quantum Cascade Lasers and Cantilever-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

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MIRPAS Chemometrics• DOGGIES data analysis approach fuses four independent algorithms trained separately for creating a combined classification training model

• Supervised learning built on a spectroscopic VOC library• Library can be unlimitedly updated with new VOCs at anytime

Trai

ning

Mea

surin

g

Page 12: Demonstration of Detection of Hidden Persons and Illegal Substances with an Array of Quantum Cascade Lasers and Cantilever-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

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MIRPAS Chemometrics

TRAINING PERFORMANCE

CONDITION FULFILLED: # VARIABLES > # LIBRARY VOCs

Page 13: Demonstration of Detection of Hidden Persons and Illegal Substances with an Array of Quantum Cascade Lasers and Cantilever-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

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Lab testing of the prototypesHeadspace measurement of drugs and explosives with MIRPAS and commercially available EC-QCL.

Measurements done at INPS, Lyon.

Page 14: Demonstration of Detection of Hidden Persons and Illegal Substances with an Array of Quantum Cascade Lasers and Cantilever-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

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Lab testing of the prototypes

Page 15: Demonstration of Detection of Hidden Persons and Illegal Substances with an Array of Quantum Cascade Lasers and Cantilever-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

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Lab testing of the prototypesDrug precursors with MIRPAS and commercially available EC-QCL.

Measurement done at Gasera.

Page 16: Demonstration of Detection of Hidden Persons and Illegal Substances with an Array of Quantum Cascade Lasers and Cantilever-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

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Demonstrator for field tests1st QCL array realization• 7.4 µm, pulsed operated QCL• 9/22 QCL’s coupled to the waveguide• collimated output• Output power << 1 mW• Integrated into the project demonstrator

Page 17: Demonstration of Detection of Hidden Persons and Illegal Substances with an Array of Quantum Cascade Lasers and Cantilever-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

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Demonstrator for field tests

Page 18: Demonstration of Detection of Hidden Persons and Illegal Substances with an Array of Quantum Cascade Lasers and Cantilever-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

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Demonstrator for field tests

Ion Mobility Spectrometer

MIRPAS-module

MIRPAS

Pre-concentrator

Photoacoustic cell

QCL array

Page 19: Demonstration of Detection of Hidden Persons and Illegal Substances with an Array of Quantum Cascade Lasers and Cantilever-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

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Demonstrator for field tests

Lab measurements with MIRPAS and 1st QCL array

Page 20: Demonstration of Detection of Hidden Persons and Illegal Substances with an Array of Quantum Cascade Lasers and Cantilever-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

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Field tests, KEMEA, Athens

Page 21: Demonstration of Detection of Hidden Persons and Illegal Substances with an Array of Quantum Cascade Lasers and Cantilever-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

Conclusions

www.fp7-doggies.com

DOGGIES project aims at demonstrating:• An operational movable stand-alone sensor for an efficient detection of hidden persons, drugs & explosives

• “Orthogonal” trace detection• Mid-Infrared spectroscopy, based on photoacoustic detection (PAS) with widely tunable integrated MIR source i.e. MIRPAS

• Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS), with non-radioactive ionization source

• Using specific pre-concentrators and advanced software to provide reliable detection in real environments

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Page 22: Demonstration of Detection of Hidden Persons and Illegal Substances with an Array of Quantum Cascade Lasers and Cantilever-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

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Page 23: Demonstration of Detection of Hidden Persons and Illegal Substances with an Array of Quantum Cascade Lasers and Cantilever-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy