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O enfoque deste Workshop está na demonstração das oportunidades de intervenção que resultam da actual conjuntura no âmbito da CERTIFICAÇÃO ENERGÉTICA E DA QUALIDADE DO AR EM EDIFÍCIOS, dando relevo ao papel das COBERTURAS no desempenho energético-ambiental do edificado. O Workshop é dirigido a todos os decisores que influenciam a qualidade de construção do meio edificado.O tema assume grande relevância, na medida em que as coberturas dos edifícios estão na origem de muitas patologias, que carecem de resolução urgente e, também, porque é nestes espaços que será possível integrar um conjunto importante das oportunidades associadas à sustentabilidade urbana – é o caso da utilização de energias renováveis, do aproveitamento da água da chuva e do contributo para a redução do efeito “Ilha de Calor Urbana”.
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“Quando alguém cria uma cobertura verde numa casa, não precisa de temer que
a casa se dissolva na paisagem.”Freidensreich Hundertwasser (1928-2000) – Artista plástico, arquitecto e filósofo austríaco
Future Cities - Cidades Futuras
Dusty GedgePresidente da
EFB
CIDADE
Quente
IMPERMEÁVEL
Seca
PoluídaAr
Água
Here is a Title
A bullet point
Another one
And another one
NATURE
www.livingroofs.orgwww.greenroofconsultancy.com
www.livingroofs.orgwww.greenroofconsultancy.com
742
Late June 09 - Health Alert 2
Early July Intense Short rainstorms
Alterações Climáticas - UK
Aumento da temperatura no Verão
– em particular nas cidades
Aumento da probabilidade de
ocorrência de precipitações intensas
– fenómenos de inundações
repentinas
• Falta de solo e de permeabilidade
• Falta da vegetação e de evapotranspiração
• Falta de ecosystems services
„...UK cities will need an increase of at least 10%
green space by 2020 to combat climate
change..University of Manchester 2005
Áreas urbanas - o problema?
Manchester and
Central London -
No room for parks
City of London
No room for trees
Ecosystem Services
PolinizaçãoHabitat
Regulação do clima / inundações
Protecção e abrigoAgua potável
Intensive green roof
Intensive green roof
Extensive Semi intensive Intensive
Use Ecological Landscape Garden/Ecological Landscape Garden/Park
Type of vegetation Moss-Herbs-Grasses Grass-Herbs-Shrubs Lawn/Perennials, Shrubs, Trees
Benefit W, T, B W, T, B, A W, T, B, A
Depth of substrate 60 - 200mm 120 - 250mm 150 - 400mm
Weight 60 - 150 kg/m2 120 - 200 kg/m2 180 - 500 kg/m2
Cost Low Periodic High
Input is the defining factor
Extensive green roof
Extensive green roof
Extensive green roof
Extensive green roof
Extensive green roof
Mitos e desafios
Incêndio
Manutenção Text
EstabilidadeIntegração
paisagística
Infiltrações
INCÊNDIO
Waterproofing
“Vor sprung durch technik”
•Green roof element protects waterproofing
•From UV, ponding, frost etc
•Can double/triple life of waterproofing
Maintenance
37
www.livingroofs.orgwww.greenroofconsultancy.com
27
• Intensive - depends on the vegetation - High
Maintenance/Input
• Extensive - low maintenance - biannual weed
and clear out of outlets perimeters
• Instant green - higher maintenance later
• Slow greening - less maintenance long term
Lightweight sedum mat 90kg/m2
Substrate based extensive green roof 120 -150 kg/m2
Paving/shingle 120 kg/m2
Semi intensive 200 -250 kg/m2
Intensive 300 kg/m2
STRUCTURE
Aesthetics
Extensive - adornment or ecology
One of the main concerns during design
process
Energia e Água
Energia
• Macro and the Micro
• City Scale and Building Scale
• Cities can be 5 degrees warmer than
the country side
Energia e Água
• Vegetated landscapes need water
• Plants - „sweat‟ - evapotranspirate
• Evapotranspiration = cooling
CIDADES FRESCAS / CIDADES
VERDES
Roehr: 10 % de redução no uso de energia
14% de redução da escorrência superficial
Energia e Água
Paradise Park
•Brown roof is approximately 150mm
•Slows heat transfer by 6 hours
•Between noon and 1800 no heat transfer
•28kW heat gain
•9.2kW per hour would normally be used
•Needs no air conditioning
•Saving 3,800kWhrs/year
Z1
Z4
Z2
Z9
Z3
Z10
Z11
Z12
Z12
Z15
Z16
Z13
Z5
Z6
Z7
Z8
25%
1%
9%
2%
0%
5%
1%
2%
9%
22%
Summer Reductions with Green Roof4.15Kwh/msq/yr
Winter Reductions with Green RoofBetween 2 - 6 Kwh/msq/yr
Power and Plants
Evapotranspiration
maintains ambient
temp. close to 25
degrees C
ÁGUA
Water
+
Toilet reuse
Run off Volume Rate of run off
Irrigation
Stormwater Attenuation
Rainfall Harvesting
Water Retention
TYPE OF
GREEN
ROOF
DEPTH [MM] VEGETATION WATER RETENTION
ANNUAL AVERAGE %
Extensive 20-40 MOSS/SEDUM 40
40-60 SEDUM/MOSS 45
60-100 SEDUM/MOSS/HERBS 50
100-150 SEDUM/HERBS/GRASS 55
150-200 GRASS/HERBS 60
Intensive 200 - 250 LAWNS/SHRUBS 60
250 - 500 LAWNS/SHRUBS 70
<500 LAWNS/SHRUBS/TREES <90
Rainfall AttentuationRoofs are source -green roofs a
source control mechanism
In practice there is very little runoff for
many rainfall events
A lot of the water that falls on the roof
is removed by evaporation and
transpiration from plants
Runoff volumes and rates are reduced
In Germany green roofs are important
part of zero discharge sites
Rainfall Harvesting
Can use water from roofs as grey
water
Some commercial substrates have
nutrients which leads to
discolouration of water
Discoloration disappears after few
years once vegetation established
If are going harvest „no‟ nutrient
substrate can be used
POTSDAMMER PLATZ
Drawn by: Kevin Perry
Drawn by: Kevin Perry
Nature
Black redstart
Rare pollinators need substrates as
well as plants
9198
New London Plan• The Mayor will and the boroughs should expect all major developments to in
corporate living roofs and walls, where feasible and reflect this in Local Development
Framework policies. It is expected that this will include roof and wall
• planting that delivers as many of these objectives as possible:
• Accessible roof space
• Adapting and mitigating for climate change
• Sustainable urban drainage
• Enhancing biodiversity
• Improved appearance
• Boroughs should also encourage the use of living roofs in smaller developmentsand extensions where the opportunity arises
Text
Up to 2004 = 76,682m2 /825,400ft2
2004 -2009 = 326,682m2/3 million ft2
Total greater than 500,000m2
Area of green roofs = 326,682m2/3.5 million ft2
Hyde Park/Kensington gardens = 250,000m2
Existing roofs in the City
10 million m2 potentially could
be greened
There is more to do!