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A parallel between the shift between the Bronze Age to the Iron Age and the decline of Egyptian civilization. Accelerated by interruption of culture continuity through the temples' priesthood.
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Where did it go?Egypt: science, culture and Energy
Khaled H.K. BahaaeldinProfessor of Pediatric SurgeryKasrAlAiny, Cairo [email protected]
Really Old
While earlier generations thought there must have been an external spark from Mesopotamia or elsewhere that triggered the rise of civilization in Egypt, she’s uncovering a very different tale. With activity at the site as early as 3700 BC, “there was momentum long before Narmer,” she says.
Renée Friedman leads excavations at the oldest known city in Egypt, Hierakonpolis (“city of the falcons”) where the Narmer Palette 3100 BC was found.
Really really Old
1200 A.D8th century B.C
450 B.C
Really Old
In fact, the pyramids were roughly as old to ancient tourists from classical Greece as the ruins of Athens and Delphi are to us today.
Really Old
Red Pyramid of Snefru 2612–2589 BC
Really Big
Remained the tallest building in the world Form: 2540 BC till the Eiffel Tower was completed
1889
the pyramids are enormous,
Consistent
Ancient Egypt has stood out even among the impressive remains of other ancient civilizations by the cultural style and imagery that remained consistent for ages.
Creative & InnovativeThe Edwin Smith Papyrus is an Ancient Egyptian medical text and the oldest known surgical treatise[on trauma. It dates to 1500 BC
Written evidence of the use of mathematics dates back to at least 3000 BC
1/2 1/3 2/3 1/4 1/5
Fractions, 1900 BC
Resilient
• Egypt was able to survive being overtaken around 1785 BC by the Hyksos.
• Egyptian kings in Thebes were surrounded by Hyksos in the north and their Kushite allies in the south.
• The struggle lasted more than 200 years, but Ahmose I regained control of all Egypt.
• When Tuthmosis III died in 1425 BC, Egypt had the largest empire
Middle Kingdom (2134–1690 BC)
Hyksos New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)
Resilient
• Egypt was invaded and conquered by the Libyans and the Nubians.
• Both were assimilated and the foreign rulers had to take the Egyptian culture and behave as Egyptian rulers.
• Egyptian Culture was overbearing as it was preserved constant by priests and monks
Bronze Age
Early Iron Age
300BC800BC1300BC2300BC2800BC3300BC 1800BC
Late Iron Age
Egypt
Persia
Ages
Greeks
Decline
• Persia Invaded Egypt twice– 525–402 BC–The last pharaoh of the Twenty-Sixth dynasty, Psamtik III, was defeated by Cambyses II (525BC)–Amyrtaeus, prince of Sais, rebelled against the Persians with the help of Greek mercenaries.
– 343–332 BC
History of Egypt
This article is part of a seriesPrehistoric Egypt pre–3100 BCE
Ancient EgyptEarly Dynastic Period 3100–2686 BCEOld Kingdom 2686–2181 BCE1st Intermediate Period 2181–2055 BCEMiddle Kingdom 2055–1650 BCE2nd Intermediate Period 1650–1550 BCENew Kingdom 1550–1069 BCE3rd Intermediate Period 1069–664 BCELate Period 664–332 BCEAchaemenid Egypt 525–332 BCE
Classical AntiquityPtolemaic Egypt 332–30 BCERoman & Byzantine Egypt 30 BCE–641 CESassanid Egypt 621–629
Middle AgesArab Egypt 641–969Fatimid Egypt 969–1171Ayyubid Egypt 1171–1250Mamluk Egypt 1250–1517
Early ModernOttoman Egypt 1517–1867French occupation 1798–1801Egypt under Muhammad Ali 1805–1882Khedivate of Egypt 1867–1914
Modern EgyptBritish occupation 1882–1953Sultanate of Egypt 1914–1922Kingdom of Egypt 1922–1953Republic 1953–present
"Those who do not remember the past are condemned to repeat it."
- George Santayana
Hope
• We missed out on:• Iron Age, Energy Crisis• Industrial Age, Culture and Colonization
• We still Can Catch Up withThe Information Age
