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Martin R. KalfatovicTwitter@BHLProgDirector
Program Director
Biodiversity Heritage Library
Smithsonian Libraries
Empowering Global
Research in Biodiversity The
Biodiversity Heritage Library
BHL Open Day Symposium
16 March 2017| Singapore Botanic Garden
Selamat Pagi!
Good morning!
காலை வணககம!
早上好!
“The cultivation of natural
history cannot be efficiently
carried out without reference to
an extensive library.”
Charles Darwin, et al (1847)
Extensive. Open. Global
Inspiring Discovery through Free Access
to Biodiversity Knowledge
Over 10 years of inspiring discovery
15th
-21st
centuries
through free & open accessto biodiversity literature & archives
from the
Mission
The Biodiversity Heritage Library improves research
methodology by collaboratively making biodiversity
literature openly available to the world as part of a
global biodiversity community.
A global project that encompasses
Technology Libraries Science
Biodiversity then …
Natural history literature and archives contain
information that is critical to studying life on Earth.
SPECIES
DESCRIPTIONS
DISTRIBUTION
RECORDS
HISTORY OF
SCIENTIFIC
DISCOVERY
CLIMATE
RECORDS
INFORMATION
ON EXTINCT
SPECIES
SCIENTIFIC
OBSERVATIONS
ECOSYSTEM
PROFILES
SCIENTIFIC
ILLUSTRATIONS
Extensive. Open. Global
“Last year I threw down the gauntlet to [BHL staff] and asked if
there was any possibility of BHL arranging to have made available
the entire run of the UK periodical The Gardeners' Chronicle. I
asked because there is nowhere in my country of residence
(Denmark) that holds it, requiring that I make time consuming and
expensive research trips to London or Cambridge in the UK should I
wish to examine the periodical. I was amazed and delighted that
BHL has achieved what I asked. This contribution to the BHL
catalogue has been a real boon to my research.”
Dr. Toby MusgraveHorticulturalist & BotanistLecturer, Danish Institute for Study Abroad
EXTENSIVE
“Biologists are
inclined to agree
that it [biodiversity]
is in one sense
everything” E.O. Wilson
BHL can’t have
everything, but we
try to include as
much as possible!
51+MILLIONPAGES
TITLES VOLUMES
114,000+ 194,000+
173+MILLIONINSTANCES OF TAXONOMIC NAMES
578+IN-COPYRIGHT TITLES LICENSED FOR BHL
AGREEMENTS
WITH 250+LICENSORS
*Stats as of February 2017
Systema naturae
per regna tria
naturae.Ed. 10, 1758.
Carl von Linne.
biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/542
___________________
Considered the starting
point of zoological
nomenclature.
Listed about 10,000
species of organisms, of
which about 6,000 are
plants and 4,236 are
animals.
The earliest work in BHL is
Theophrasti De Historia plantarum liber primus
(1483)
biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40913187
Not just “heritage”
collections
> 23% of BHL's collection of
188,970 items is post-1922
> 72.3% of BHL’s collection is
free of copyright restriction in
the United States
As of August 2016
Logbook of the
yacht "France"Whitney South Sea
Expedition of the American
Museum of Natural History
Volume: v.2 (1926-1928)
biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44821245
__________________
BHL includes over 100,000
pages of Field Notes and
related archival material.
Ongoing transcription projects
will make these fully
searchable.
Bonn Zoological
Bulletin 61 (1): 135-
39 (July 2012)
biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4482124
___________________
With the assistance of
BioStor, BHL now indexes
over 202,000 articles,
chapters or other “segments”
of BHL content.
These are all searchable
through the bibliographic
interface to BHL.
Scotopteryx kuznetzovi
(Wardikian, 1957)
(Lepidoptera, Geometridae,
Larentiinae),
a new species for the fauna of
Iran and Turkey
Hossein Rajaei Sh.* & Dieter
Stuning
Charles Darwin’s Library
biodiversitylibrary.org/browse/collection/darwi
nlibrary
___________________
A digital edition and virtual
reconstruction of the surviving
books owned by Charles Darwin.
It also provides full transcriptions of
his annotations and marks. These
works provide important insight into
the development of Darwin’s ideas
on evolution and natural selection.
"If this were true, adios theory"
Charles Darwin wrote these words
in response to reading Principles of
Geology, v. 2 (1837) by Charles
Lyell, who was arguing that changes
in species have limitations. Darwin,
on the other hand, argued that
changes in species are infinite and
continuous, an integral concept
crucial to his theory of evolution.
“[BHL] is a fantastic resource, making research possible
that would never have been considered in the past. I use it
to find information on particular species and also to find
source documents for further analysis. The ability to
search by taxon name is invaluable.”
Dr. Quentin GroomResearch Assistant and Biogeographer
Botanic Garden Meise, Belgium
OPEN
A Commitment to Open Access…
BHL is a charter signatory of the Bouchout Declaration
for Open Biodiversity Knowledge Management.
Fundamental principles of the Declaration:
Free & Open Use
Policies to Foster Free &
Open Access
Persistent Identifiers
Tracking Identifiers to
Ensure Attribution
Infrastructure, Standards &
Protocols to Improve Access
Linked Data
Sustainable Knowledge Management
Registers for Content &
Services
CUSTOM PDF
DOWNLOADS
517,000+
TO DATE
ARTICLE
INDEXING
202,000+
TO DATE
DOI
ASSIGNMENT
104,000+
TO DATE
BHL offers a range of free services
API &
DATA
EXPORTS
TAXONOMIC
NAME
SEARCHING
REFERENCE
MANAGEMENT
TOOLS
*Stats as of November 2016
Agatea violaris
Type specimen from the
U.S. National Herbarium
(Smithsonian Institution)
collected by the United
States Exploring
Expedition, 1838-1842
Agatea violaris
Type specimen from the
U.S. National Herbarium
(Smithsonian Institution)
collected by the United
States Exploring
Expedition, 1838-1842
Illustration from the USExEx
Species Description from the USExEx
“Congratulations on a superior on-line library service that is of
great help to anybody that has no direct access to old literature
(like many scientists in developing countries). I used to be
located in the Natural History Museum in Leiden, Netherlands
with an excellent library, but after my retirement I moved to
Brazil and lost direct contact with the Leiden library. In many
cases BHL now provides what I am looking for.”
Dr. Marinus HoogmoedCurator of Reptiles and Amphibians, 1963-2003Naturalis Biodiversity Center
GLOBAL
BHL is a Global Consortium
18MEMBERS
AS OF MARCH 2017
15AFFILIATES60+ WORLDWIDE PARTNERS
1. London2. New York3. Mexico City4. Paris5. Sydney6. Berlin7. Washington8. Melbourne9. New Delhi10. Sao Paulo
Top 10 Cities by Sessions, CY 2016
1. Bangkok2. Quezon City3. Singapore4. Jakarta5. Hanoi6. Makati7. Kuala Lumpur8. Cebu City9. Ho Chi Minh City10. Surabaya
Top 10 ASEAN Cities by Sessions, CY 2016
5.9+MILLIONTOTAL USERS TO DATE
AVERAGE MONTHLY
USERS (CY16)109,000+
11+ MILLIONTOTAL WEBSITE VISITS TO DATE
AVERAGE MONTHLY
VISITS (CY16)176,000+
VISITS FROM
243COUNTRIES &
TERRITORIES
*Stats as of February 2017
124,295 users
February 2016
CY 2016
2.123m sessions
1.162m users
96,862 users/month
2007-2016
8.51% sessions
Mobile Sessions CY 2015
10.45% sessions
Mobile Sessions CY 2016
Mobile sessions increase by 34.43% over the past year
“BHL is radically changing the status quo and
democratizing access to knowledge about
biodiversity. Now anyone in the world has
instant access to the original species
description in a couple of clicks.”
Dr. John SullivanEvolutionary BiologistAcademy of Natural Sciences, PhiladelphiaCornell University
GLOBAL &
COLLABORATIVE
BHL collaborates with and contributes
content to a variety of partners…
BHL collaborates with and contributes
content to a variety of partners…
Two more recent collaboration opportunities
Engagement
BHL is used in exhibitions in our partner institutions, such as “Once There Were Billions” at the National Museum of Natural History.
“BHL provides an excellent service for studies
of marine and other biodiversity. I’ve said it
before, you folks do a great job. Keep up the
good work; you’ve got lots of admirers out
there.”
Dr. Thomas CarefootMarine BiologistUniversity of British Columbia, Canada
Expanding Directions
107,000+
IMAGES IN FLICKR
TOTAL IMAGES
TAGGED29,900+
202+MILLIONTOTAL VIEWS ON IMAGES
OF TOTAL FLICKR
COLLECTION TAGGED
TAGGED IMAGES IN
EOL
27% 18,000+
BHL FLICKR NAMED 1 OF WIRED’S
27 MUST-FOLLOW FEEDS IN
THE WORLD OF SCIENCE*Stats as of November 2016
WWW.FLICKR.COM/BIODIVLIBRARY
Engage with audiences
Support BHL Financial SustainabilityCafePress: http://www.cafepress.com/biodiversityheritagelibrary
64,500+TOTAL FOLLOWERS ON
SOCIAL MEDIA
TOTAL FOLLOWERS
11,800+
TOTAL FOLLOWERS
11,400+
TOTAL FOLLOWERS
32,300+
TOTAL FOLLOWERS
5,000+
AVERAGE MONTHLY
READERS (CY16)
2,300+
FOLLOW @BIODIVLIBRARY
*Stats as of February 2017
TOTAL FOLLOWERS
4,000+
AWARDS
• Digital Library Federation (DLF) 2016
Community/Capacity Award (joint recipient with
Archive of American Broadcasting).
2016
• Internet Archive Hero Award. Global Leaders
in Sharing Knowledge.
2015
• Laureate. IDG’s Computerworld Honors
Program.
• Charles Robert Long Award of Extraordinary
Merit. Council on Botanical and Horticultural
Libraries.
2013
• Victorian Government Arts Leadership
Recognition Award (BHL Australia).
2012
• John Thackray Medal. The Society for the
History of Natural History.
2011
• Outstanding Collaboration Award. Association
for Library Collections & Technical Services
(ALCTS).
2010
“Joining BHL represents a greater opportunity for CONABIO
to provide broader access to Mexico’s biodiversity knowledge
contained within published literature. We believe that only
with a well-informed society it is possible to develop and
strengthen a culture of appreciation and valuation of
Mexico’s natural capital.”
Dr. José SarukhánCONABIO National Coordinator
Mexico City, Mexico
In Closing …
A Larger Context …
Supporting the Convention on Biodiversity
A Larger Context …
Convention on Biodiversity (CBD Article 17, 1992)
“It shall also, where feasible, include repatriation of
information.”
A Larger Context …
Darwin Declaration (1998)
“The essential requirements for accessing and utilising this
global information are: that existing information held in literature
and by current experts is made available electronically”
A Larger Context …
The Biodiversity Commons
BHL strives to be part of that larger Biodiversity Commons and
provide a space for the literature of biodiversity to be widely
available
The Commons succeeds when,
among other elements, there is
"the presence of a community;
small and stable populations
with a thick social network and
social norms".
Elinor Ostrom, "Sustainable development and the
tragedy of commons" (2009)
BHL has created that community
among our natural history and
botanical libraries
By engaging with the larger biodiversity
community, by being a cornerstone of
the “biodiversity conmons,” and major
stakeholder institutions, BHL is creating
a sustainable biodiversity commons for
the literature of taxonomy.
Specimens, data, publications...
The Sixth Extinction
The "normal" rate of extinction is one species every
four years.
Today, species are going extinct at a rate of FOUR per
HOUR.
Terima kasih
Thank you
நனறி
谢谢